Vyborg - zvinokwezva guta. Viborg nemisha yakapoteredza

Russian mubereko kwete chete kune maguta guru. Zvakafanana zvinokosha zviri munhau kugarwa duku, akadai Vyborg. Attractions: Mon Repos Park, ari mumigwagwa dzaiungana guta vakafanirwa kuteerera nokuda kworunako kwayo uye nhoroondo kukosha. Nhasi, vashanyi vari rediscovering nharaunda. It inoshandiswa siyana mitambo uye rokuvakazve, asi kure neguta hakusati yakatanga kuva hwakasimba vashanyire kukwezvwa uye anoramba ayo mweya mupenyu.

Attractions Viborg uye nzvimbo dzakapoteredza inogona leisurely Kutsvaga mazuva 2-4 uye kuwana mufaro chaiwo kubva kuonana yakadaro nhoroondo inofadza uye yekare, anogara pedyo.

The chidzoke dzomumisha

Vyborg, nhoroondo uye zvinokwezva zviri kufarirwa zvikuru uye yakawanda kubva vasayendisiti uye vashanyi vakasvika muna 1293, apo Vyborg Castle yakavakwa pano nokuda yeSweden. Pane shanduro uye imwe yapfuura kugarwa panzvimbo ino. Ostensibly Novgorod Elder Gostomysl akasika guta pano vachikudza mwanakomana wake muzana remakore rechi9. Kune zvakawanikwa pakuchera matongo, izvo zvinoratidza kuti kunyange Stone Age paiva vekare vanhu. Asi kwaita yokugara zvechigarire kuramba kunyorwa chete magwaro Swedish, saka pamutemo musi panotanga Vyborg ndiye mugumo remakore rechi13.

Archaeological Kucherwa zvinoratidza kuti pakutanga Muchiuru chemakore chokutanga mudunhu akararama madzinza, rinonzi yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia. Vari uchipinda nhumbi Novgorod vagari pamwe Dutch vatengesi uye nhengo ari Hanseatic League, avhima hove. Munzvimbo Vyborg ano aiva yokuchengetera - redoubt, iro raigara varindi vachifambidzana nhumbi. Very zvakanaka nzvimbo pfungwa varindi uye akakwevera yeSweden uyo akavaka Castle pachitsuwa nhare ibwe.

Swedish nguva muupenyu Vyborg

Vyborg - panguva Chechitatu Hondo munyika yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia pamusoro behest mambo wokuSweden wenhare chitsuwa Castle-nhare rakadzikwa. Photos muguta, wokukwezva vashanyi uye nhoroondo zvivako kuramba nhasi, simba manyawi, yakanga kuvaka. Izvi revarwi vairinda yakavimbika akaramba haripindiki kwemazana emakore, pasinei nokuti vanhu Novgorod akaita kuramba kuedza muchigogodza kuti yeSweden kubva Vyborg. Castle Zvapera, kuwedzerwa, uye muna 1403 Mambo Sweden paakavapa mumusha macho mamiriro muguta. The yakakunakira nzvimbo Vyborg nokukurumidza akava chikuru muzinda wezvokutengeserana. Guta raitongwa gavhuna Swedish, aiva guru kuzvionera, mambo Mufurakisi Plateau (mutero), asi zvimwe anomhanya meya.

Muna 1442 musoro guta vakamira Karl Knutsson Bunde uyo tinoshandurirwa guta kwemakore matanhatu. Kana Vyborg Castle chainyanya akanaka Sweden. Meya akawedzera shongwe shoma, makamuri Knights uye unyanzvi kuti dzifambirane menyika. Muna 1525, guta akarega Count of Goya, uyo aiva hama Mambo Sweden. Naye muguta akadurura guru aibuda vanhu kubva Hanseatic League: Valenza, kuHamburg, muLübeck. City kunowedzera kuwedzera kutarisika uye dzakapfuma. Mauto Russian kuramba kuedza kukunda Vyborg, asi ini vanotadza nguva dzose. Munguva yeHondo Northern Vyborg aiva kwainyanya kubva kutyisidzira guta guru mutsva Russia - St. Petersburg. Petr Veliky muna 1706 pachake akatungamirira kukombwa muguta, asi hazvina zvazvakabatsira. Yakanga chete muna 1710, nemhaka kwakarongeka kuitwa vehondo uye nezvikepe Vyborg akatorwa nemauto Russian, uye muna 1721-m, nokuti Agreement Rugare, akabatana Russian Empire.

Russian pasi

Kuenda kuRussia, Vyborg akava musimboti reruwa commandant uye zvitsva Russian chiteshi. Kunze kweguta rakaramba wandei zvakanakira: ichiri kushandisa mutemo Swedish, vagari vanobvumirwa varambe kutenda kwavo Lutheran, pakanga pasina serfdom. In itsva guta Russian pakarepo vakamhanyira vatengesi, zvechiuto. The yokugara rinotanga richikura. It akavaka Petersburg uye Vyborg sabhabha.

The chikuru zvinokwezva muguta Vyborg iyoyo - munhu chivako chokugara, idzva chikamu nhare. Kubva 1730 kusvika 1741 muna basa rokuvaka, akavaka itsva chikamu wakakombwa. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti Vyborg nhare saka kumbowana mukana kuongorora masvingo dzavo itsva muhondo. Zvichida ndosaka guta Vyborg zvinokwezva akachengetedzwa saka zvakanaka nhasi. New kukura, pasinei Russian-kugadzikana tirambe European zvinhu. The zvakawanda saka nokuti ezvivako dzaiwanzova yeSweden, vanhu vokuGermany, Scandinavians. Muna 1811 Vyborg Province ndiyo chikamu Duchy pamusoro Finland. Pakazosvika 1910, vanhu vanopfuura 80% yevanhu vaiva Finns.

City ari kusangana vaiitawo refu emadzinza, zvisina pasina matambudziko ayo uye kutiza, asi zvishoma nezvishoma paiva chaiyo mhepo ine nguva dzose anosiyaniswa kubva kwakajairika Vyborg Russian dzematunhu maguta. Pashure kumukira Decembrists mashomanana zana vapanduki aitumirwa Vyborg yemauto uko zvakakanganisa mweya kweguta. Muhafu yechipiri yezana remakore rechi19, guta kunobva njanji kunotanga gasification uye magetsi. Ari kuona nokukurumidza zvoupfumi kukura uye rava chechipiri pakukura muna weutungamiriri.

Vyborg uye Finland

Muna 1917, pashure pokuchinja kuRussia, Vyborg nokushingaira kupinda echimurenga kushanduka. Pashure Finland yapinda rusununguko kubva Russian guta inofamba ichienda itsva ezvinhu. Akashandura madzinza nziyo zvakare. Pane zvino dzaitongwa Finnish vakawanda, uye Russian, German uye Swedish kuderedzwa zvikuru. Asi kukura guta mberi. Nokukurumidza mapurani O. Meurman anosika kubatana chirongwa weguta aro. Saka pane guru Vyborg. Natural zvinokwezva zvino mune mwero guta. Panguva iyoyo, nzvimbo akawana mamiriro guru tsika Finland, zviri akavaka yakawanda zvemitambo, tsika uye dzimba dzetemberi.

Vyborg guta zvinokwezva iyi vachiri kuumba kuyevedza: ruwa Archive, raibhurari itsva, uri miziyamu - zvose izvi embellished zvikuru ugari.

Panguva Second World War

Muna 1939 akatanga hondo wokuRussia-Finnish, uye guta Vyborg uye zvinokwezva vari pangozi yokuva Kurwa wongoramba. Active kushanda muchiuto of Red Army kwakaita kuti chokwadi chokuti Karelian Isthmus guta wakapfuurira nesimba Soviet Union. Muna 1941 iri Vyborg akanga shure yehondo, uye Red Army akamanikidzwa mumaoko kune Finns. '44 pamberi Karelian Isthmus maigara Finnish muchiuto. Panguva vanotyisa kurwa, June 20, 1944 Vyborg akasunungurwa. Kuuya yakaoma nguva kupora. Vyborg, zvinokwezva izvo akatambudzika zvikuru muHondo Yenyika II, akatambudzika zvinhu guru uye tsika varasikirwa.

The Soviet kumwedzi

Pakapera hondo inotanga refu pedutu. The zvinoitirwa zvakawira Vyborg. Photos muguta, nokuona uye mavakirwo chinhu chinosemesa kuona - yakakura chikamu musha waiva matongo. Asi vakuru uye vanhu vari titanic nesimba, uye guta vakatanga kuwanazve simba. Muna 1947 iye akasika zano kuti chivako chitsva, chakavakwa pamusoro dzinogarwa dzoga, maindasitiri mabhizimisi. Mumigwagwa vari kunzi kuitira kuyeuchidzwa muguta racho kare. Vyborg anowana zvinhu zvakafanana mumaguta Soviet. Munguva 60s kwakaonekwa nharaunda mukuru-simuka zvivakwa, akadzorera yakare chivakwa kudanda, kuvaka zvivako zvitsva tsika.

Kubvira muna 1950 guta anova rikwezve kuti vashanyi, uye pane zvakawanda kukwezva navo. Muna 1988, zvakanga akafunga kusimbisa State Museum-Reserve - Thu Repos Park.

Vyborg ano

City panguva ino kushingaira paanodzorera nhoroondo midzi yawo, vachitsvaka kukwezva vashanyi. Vanoshingaira simbisai kutaura nyika kuti kare vakabatana pamwe Vyborg - Sweden, Norway, Finland. Muna 1999, UNESCO anoita Central Library iri pamazita zvinhu vanoda kudzivirirwa uye rutsigiro. Muna 2000, ungano kushingaira reconstructed. City anodzosa nhoroondo chimiro zvinhu zvakawanda kuti mwoyo munzanga kufamba kare. In Vyborg aigara wakaitwa nemitambo dzemadzinza mutsika, guru rokuvakazve yezviitiko zvinokosha.

Vyborg - zvinokwezva guta

Vapfumi Nhoroondo kugarwa ichi andisiya zvisaririra yakawanda chitarisiko chake. Vyborg guta zvinokwezva vachikubvumira kuona rakasiyana tsika multi-layer yakaumbwa pano. Effect Russian,, Swedish uye Finnish tsika German anogona kuwanikwa zvinofadza zvikuru mapurani sezvivako. The chadenga vatana mumigwagwa yeguta afanane Ages nguva, manzwiro ichi dzinowedzerwa kushanyira Vyborg Castle. Kufarira ndivo dzinongoitika zvinokwezva, kujairika sculptural mapoka uye sezvivako.

Vyborg Castle

Chivako mukuru muguta - wenhare, iyo, pasinei nemiedzo yakawanda, ari chaizvo zvakanaka vakachengetedzwa. Kubva madziro wenhare anopa anoshamisa maonero Vyborg. Dzinoyevedza, kero rinogona kuwanikwa chero revashanyi kabhuku, zvino kuti tikwanise kuona zvose nesimba tarenda pamusoro Swedish uye Russian ezvivako. Madziro guta vane zvinesimba ukobvu uye rakarurama masonry, uye akachengetedzwa shongwe -Rayskaya uye vanogadzira shangu - anoshamisa ayo yakakwirira uye zvakakwana.

Castle dzimba chindori chaiyo - Olaf shongwe yakakwirira anenge 50 metres, chawo kumbochinja kubvira muzana remakore rechi13, okumusoro tiers rweJerusarema pakati pezana remakore rechi19. Uyewo panhare ndewe anoteerera Commandant House, iyo kamwe rikaguma Peter.

Clock shongwe

Rainzwika guta (Vyborg) uye tsanangudzo nhoroondo yavo - bhuku kubva mapurani uye tsika munyika wechokwadi. The Clock Tower ndiye neshongwe bhero, navamwe kereke St. Mary uye Olaf, yakavakwa muzana remakore rechi15. Iye chishamiso vakapukunyuka uye panguva kuparadzwa kwetemberi moto 1793, uye panguva ruvengo Hondo Yenyika II. Mujinga neshongwe nhema ibwe guru, uye wachi iri kumhanya kubva remakore rechi19. Ichi chimwe chezvinhu yakanaka nhoroondo zvivakwa Vyborg.

dzinongoitika zvinokwezva

Mon Repos Park - aimbova yakagara Swedish NaAmai Pauline Kabanzi - ndiyo imwe mukuru uye yakaisvonaka nzvimbo mumapaki mu Europe. Zviri zvinopindirana musanganiswa mumapako, masango, mawere, nemapopoma, makungwa. Dead Gorgeous chitsuwa pamwe decoration Castle riri pakati pegungwa, uye anoita zvirambe. Sezvineiwo mukuru Manor imba - remuti chivakwa iri dzekare manyorerwo, uyewo raibhurari mubetseri - isingawanzowanikwi muenzaniso emapuranga mapurani usadbennoy. Izvi chishamiso vakachengetedzwa kubva pachivako remakore rechi18 ndiro Zvivako zvikuru zvinokosha.

Pedyo Vyborg pane imwe nzvimbo chaivo akafanira kuteerera - Lake ichi intermountain diki. Zviri muenzaniso rinopindirana hunhu wokuchamhembe, uye pristine nokunaka kwenzvimbo uye runyararo kuti nzvimbo ino zvakanakisisa vasara muguta. Pane rinogonawo kuva nguva yakanaka yokuti hove.

mapurani sezvivako

Vyborg mupfumi uye mumwe zvinokwezva. Izvi zvinosanganisira Round Tower, vezera sezvo Castle. Chitarisiko wake akava chiratidzo guta kucherechedzwa. The shongwe rakavakwa pakati pezana remakore rechi16 sezvo chikamu rusvingo rusvingo. The dhayamita of zvivako ndiyo 20 metres, pakukora masvingo - 4 mamita. Ndicho brainchild ava kunopera Gothic rwokumusoro, uko ivhu vari vashoma muRussia.

Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral - mumwe nyaya Vyborg kudada. It Achashongedza rinopindirana pakuonekwa Cathedral Square uye chivako akakwana dzekare manyorerwo. Mapurani N. Lvov mu pamasikiro akaedza kumarudzi kutevera nhungamiro pamusoro A. Palladio, raishanda nokukopa kuvaka kwayo. Temberi yakavakwa muna 1786, asi akazove pasi pedutu.

Church of St. Hyacinth -. Gothic chivakwa remakore rechi16, inova imwe mukuru muguta. Kereke, rinozivikanwa imba Knight akashanda se temberi, yemamongi chikoro, muenzi imba. Nhasi ndeye ndandanda nemagariro zvinhu kudzivirirwa neHurumende.

Unogonawo kudana zvinokwezva muguta Vyborg, kero izvo zvinosanganisirwa mumwe mutungamiriri sechinhu mapurani kunzwisisa zviri Cathedral Square, akaumba mukupera remakore rechi18, Vyborg guta imba, yakavakwa pakati pezana-remakore rechi17 mu Neo-Renaissance werudzii, Annenkrone - namasvingo yakavakwa Peter Mukuru.

Kudzokera ikoko

Viborg ari kuchamhembe St. Petersburg, pedyo nomuganhu Finnish. Svika payo nyore kubva St. Petersburg. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa nenzira dzakasiyana:

By motokari. Distance kubva Saint Petersburg ndiye 130? Km.

Mubhazi. Kubva chemabhazi "North" nguva vana pazuva chomuruki bhazi Svetlogorsk, izvo anodzivira muna Vyborg. Uyewo, mabhazi vanomhanya kubva Metro station "Parnas" chiteshi. Travel nguva - anenge 2 maawa.

On the chitima. Tiine Finland Station anoendazve katatu pazuva mukuru-nokukurumidza chitima kuenda Vyborg. Travel nguva - 1 awa nemaminitsi 15.