The pamwero zvoupfumi pakati pedyo kunyika France. Iyo nyika inoganhurana France?

Nhasi tichataura pamusoro zvakadini zvoupfumi pakati pedyo kunyika France. Ndicho chikuru nyika European pashure Russia neUkraine. Nhasi, nyika dziri nokukurumidza. It yakatanga maindasitiri uye zvokurima sectors.

Zvisinei, chinokosha kukanganisa iri European Union mumwe vane inoganhurana mamiriro.

On mikana ipi uye zvinetso zviri panguva French vavakidzani, tichataura mberi.

French vavakidzani

Tisati takurukura padanho kuvandudzika pedyo kunyika France, ndiko kutaura sei, uyo, chokwadi, iri kumuganhu mamiriro.

vavakidzani Actual mu Europe vane 8 nyika - Monaco, Andorra, Luxembourg, Germany, Italy, Switzerland, Belgium uye Spain. Asi kunewo matatu "wokumwe" muvakidzani.

Nyika idzi kumuganhu French nezvinhu muLatin America. Mostly chitsuwa ichi. Pakati pavo zvinokosha kuziva Guadeloupe, Martinique, Reunion uye Mayotte. Uyewo pane yakaoma mamiriro Guiana.

Belgium

Yakakwirira pamwero zvoupfumi wokuBelgium akatanga kuumba uye agomuka kuburikidza Ages kugadzirwa. Ndosaka nyika iyi inonzi "State-chitoro." Liege uye Antwerp vane mukurumbira gunsmiths uye mhizha vebasa nedhaimani Flanders - Nhongonya Whitehead Textile bhizimisi muEurope.

Kazhinji, vachitaura pamusoro Umambo Belgium, tisingatauri chimwe chinhu. Kusvikira pakupera kweHondo Yenyika II, akaenda pachena mutaro nzvimbo yacho indasitiri. Naizvozvo, vamwe vaiva vapfumi zvakakwana, vamwe vanhu vakanga zvakawanda mwero mari.

Kubvira muna 1945, kunyanya nokuda "dzidziso Galopina", pane yakapinza ikure mamiriro. Anenge pose pose pane chiedza maindasitiri mafekitari muna Flanders kachitanga painocheneserwa, Antwerp anova rechitatu pakukura pachiteshi mu Europe. Mukuwedzera, muna kweBrussels akatamisira dzimbahwe NATO uye dzimwe nzanga.

The nyika akasangana recessions maviri. Mumakore 1980-1982, kana kuti bhajeti dhefisiti asvika pachiyero 13% kubva GDP, chikwereti hurumende yakawedzera zvikuru, uyewo urovha. kudzikira Second kwakaitika muna 1992-1993. Panguva dambudziko iri, zvinonyatsorehwa GDP kukura akawira anenge maviri muzana.

Asi kubva 1994, huwandu zvoupfumi wokuBelgium vakatanga kumuka. Nhasi ushe ari achipfuura chena bhendi munzvimbo iyi. Pasinei political dambudziko makore 2007-2010, GDP riri kukura, uye bhajeti dhefisiti, uye kushaya mabasa ari pakugumburwa.

Nhasi, GDP yokudengenyeka capita iri kumativi 38-40 zviuru zvemadhora. Maererano 2010 akanga pachiyero 38 700 emadhora.

Spain

Nhasi, pachiyero zvoupfumi muSpain iri kumusoro pamwero. Maererano nenhamba kuti 2012, hurumende inoremekedzwa regumi nzvimbo iri yose chepamusoro enyika.

The chikuru bazi upfumi, zvetsika kune umambo Spain kubvira Middle Ages, aiva kurima. Unorema misi, omuamanda, maorivhi uye nzimbe ichiripo aivigirwa nevanhu kuti State. Uchashamisika, asi zvibereko Spanish mupunga ndiyo soro panyika. Mukuwedzera, hurumende inopa yakakwirira Vhoriyamu gorosi, waini uye maranjisi. Mumunda hwokurima zvinobatanidzwa chete inenge mitatu muzana rwekuita vemo.

Asi aitungamirira basa iri kwemauto hwenyika Panguva iyi zvikuru ipfupi. Nhasi, pane Kuwedzera pagadzirwe shangu, handingadariki pagondobwe motokari, muchina maturusi maCD nemavhidhiyo zvokushandisa, makemikari.

Kana isu kutaura dzakawanda nhamba mumunda nemana kugadzirwa mabhora, Spain riri pamusoro zvishanu nerimwe zvikamu.

Chakatishamisa pachiyero zvoupfumi wokuSpain asiri kunokanganisa urovha. Ndozvakajairwa nokuti nyika anoonekwa kuti indekisi yaro 8-10%. Nokuti nyika zhinji, izvi zvaizova guru nokurova. Spain zvakare anoponesa chaizvo mukuru mwero zvisiri pamutemo basa uye pachivande upfumi.

Italy

The pamwero zvoupfumi kweItaly yakasiyana chaizvo muAfrica nemhiri kwemakungwa. Kana kumatunhu hwokuchamhembe vanonyanya yakatanga tichiregeredza ari maindasitiri emakambani, rwezasi kure shure mune izvi. Munguva shoma dzakabudirira dzine mumvuri upfumi chinoendeka.

The chikuru denda upfumi Italy - imhosva vatamira Kunyanya, uye yose immigration zvarwo. Vanouya pano vachitsvaka nani mararamiro evanhu kubva "nyika rechitatu." Kunyanya nevakawanda vari kumaodzanyemba kunzvimbo, sezvo ikoko unogona kukurumidza kuwana basa mumunda hwokurima. Vashandirwi uyewo anoronga ezvinhu akafanana. Illegals tora mabasa avo chiduku muripo iri mari, saka zvinokwanisika kupedza yakawanda mari pasina cheruzivo mutero zviremera.

Nhasi, pachiyero upfumi kukura Italy ndiyo yechitatu pakukura Europe. Mikuru maindasitiri kuti kuchengeta nyika "yerera", zvinotevera: motokari uye imotokari, zvinhu chena (sefiriji, etc.), shangu, mbatya, noodles, maorivhi, chizi, waini, zvomumagaba muchero.

Nhasi, por capita GDP (mashoko kubva 2013) anenge 30 000 emadhora. The yepamutemo urovha zvazvingava rakakomberedza muzana nomwe (2006), uye mitengo - 1.5% (2006).

Akafanirwa kune kare uye rakasiyana ruzivo makambani ari North kweItaly, nyika angakudzivisai zvachose dambudziko iri kumaodzanyemba nharaunda uye simba chekubuda yepamutemo uye zvisiri pamutemo immigration.

Germany

The pamwero zvoupfumi muGermany ndiye soro mu Europe uye wechishanu ari chepamusoro enyika. It anorasikirwa Hofori zvakadai chete sezvo US, China, Japan uye India.

Somunhu dzakabudirira post-maindasitiri zvokuvhoterwa, Germany chikuru uwandu guta kubva pabasa zvekutepfenyura. Zviri kwemauto ichi ndicho mabasa akawanda. Rinoitawo ane 78% kubva GDP (muna 2011).

The peculiarity mamiriro German hupfumi chinhu nemazvo-refu kuti munzanga kumusika womuenzaniso. paradigm Izvi zvinosanganisira pedyo pamwe wezvokutengeserana mibatanidzwa uye vashandi, yakakwirira mutero unodiwa. The chikuru chinoratidza muenzaniso uyu kusvitsa pamwoyo dzebhizimisi uye voruzhinji mutemo, izvo zvinoita kukura pamusika uye kupfuura kunyange kuparadzirwa upfumi.

Kudivi rimwe, yakapa migumisiro zvikuru uye kwakaita kuti nokukurumidza kuzoita munyika mushure Nokurasikirwa mbiri dzenyika. Nhasi, pachiyero zvoupfumi muGermany chaizvo, asi chiitiko ichi ane divi rima.

kwazvo pamwero mutero zvinowanisa vakawanda paanofa. Tichienzanisa Somuenzaniso, nepakati kuma1990, mari kuti mitero muGermany yakasvika 65%, ukuwo iri US - vanenge 32%. Maererano nenhamba, kubva $ 100 mambure mari iri mipiro evanhu vakuru deducted $ 81.

Nhasi, mutero pamusoro undistributed purofiti - 50%. Of GDP muna 2013 - vanenge zvuru 40 zvamadhora por capita, urovha mwero - 5.5%, uye mitengo - 2.1%.

Switzerland

Tikaramba kufunga pachiyero zvoupfumi pakati pedyo kunyika France. Muchidimbu vavakidzani huru, dzakadai seItari, Spain uye Germany vakanga vakadzidza. Zvino tinotaura vaduku inoti. Chokutanga muchidimbu Swiss Confederation.

nyika iyi kunyange mupfumi zvakakwana, asi zviri maererano vavatorwa nomutemo uye ukama dzakawanda. Huru nzvimbo apo akagamuchira yakakura Rwako zvemari, ndiye rwezvemabhengi. Nhasi muSwitzerland mune mabhanga anopfuura mazana mana. Nokuda nyika muchiuto pakavanda chokuita mutengi ruzivo, mari aibuda ari kukura gore negore.

Kunze kwemauto ichi, pachiyero upfumi kukura Switzerland kukanganisa mishonga, zvemakemikari, zvokudya maindasitiri, kugadzirwa wachi, chizi uye chokoreti.

Zvinokosha oddly zvakakwana, ndiye kurima. It anoitiswa negadziriro chaiyo pamwe nehurumende. Ndiye varimi vari mubasa pagadzirwe zvakatipoteredza noushamwari zvibereko chirimwa uye mhuka mavambo, akapa chinokosha mutero wavanobhadhara.

Well zvakakwana yakatanga muSwitzerland ndivo mabhora ose inishuwarenzi uye ushanyi. The yokupedzisira, kunyanya, kunounza hurumende zvinopfuura hafu bhiriyoni mafranc pagore.

Luxembourg

Munyaya ino tichakurukura pachiyero zvoupfumi pakati pedyo kunyika France. Zvino tichakurukura nyika duku, iyo ane nzvimbo aitungamirira chinzvimbo kukura uye kubudirira kwevanhu.

Duchy ndokwenguva nzvimbo chete maviri chiuru nehafu dzakaenzana makiromita. Vagari iri kumativi hafu yemiriyoni vanhu. Asi GDP pa capita anenge zviuru 129 emadhora.

Mukuru webazi, hunobata pachiyero upfumi pave Luxembourg, chinhu rinorema indasitiri. Zvikurukuru, kusvika 1997, vakaita kunonyanyisa nokukurumidza uye simbi basa. Nhasi hazvina kushanda, hapana kwebhosvo chamatare, simbi kupatsanurwa kubva chinyorwa.

The inokosha mari vakawanda anogamuchira kubva pabasa zvekutepfenyura, tourism, rwezvemabhengi uye kutengeserana. Vanopfuura hafu yezviri Vagari ari Duchy basa munzvimbo idzi.

In ushanyi iri hunodzorwa dzinokura maviri - plesieroorde uye ugoisa-Gliding. Mumunda rezvemari sezvo mukuru kuteterera ane pemvura. Saka, muna duchy pamusoro Luxembourg anopfuura mazana maviri mabhanga dzakawanda.

With yakadaro yakakwirira kukura, oddly zvakakwana, ichiriko uye kurima. Zvikuru chinyakare anotevera sectors - zvipfuwo, mabhizimisi mazambiringa uye horticulture.

Monaco

Kana ukaedza kutsvaka nyika inoganhurana France muna enyika senguva map Europe, haugoni kuona mbiri inoti, izvo isu vakurukure pazasi.

Wokutanga izvi - hugota pamusoro Monaco. It iri nyika duku, mumwe kupfuura mu Europe. imwe nzvimbo mbiri chete mativi makiromita, uye vagari - vanenge zviuru 36 vanhu. GDP pa capita - 170 zviuru zvemadhora.

Ko ichi tuduku ezvinhu yepamusoro turnover? Ngatitarisei zvizere.

Sezvo yapfuura isu akati, pachiyero upfumi kusimudzira romuFrance dzakavakidzana zvikuru kunobva indasitiri, zvokurima, services uye mabhanga.

Asi munyika duku iyi chiduku uye vagari vazhinji, kuti kana bhizimisi, kana mimwe kugadzirwa zvinhu Aisagona kupa nyika mari.

The kwavabati vose Monaco yakatanga chete mafaro uye nzvimbo sectors hwenyika. Hezvino zvimwe vakapfuma playing munyika (mu Monte Carlo guta) uye akabata padanho "Formula 1" marudzi.

Kuwedzera kune nzvimbo idzi, zvikuru kwemari kunobva kubatidza kwomuchinda upenyu hwemhuri mune zvenhau, uyewo kumusoro-mugumo ushanyi. Accommodation muna Monaco chinonyanya dzinodhura munyika. Somuenzaniso, vakabvarura mumwe yokurara dzokugara siyana pano munharaunda 4000 euros pamwedzi, ukuwo avhareji mubayiro muna 3200-3500 Euro. Asi mutengo chete mativi mita chaiyo wenhaka ari kutengeswa rinotanga kubva 20 000 euros.

the national

Kana kutarira enyika map, izvo nyika nayo pamuganhu France, uye haugoni kuona zvipfupi kwavabati ichi pamuganhu pamwe Spain. The ndima Andorra inoremekedzwa mativi makiromita 468 chete. Vagari - vanenge zviuru 70 vanhu. GDP - avhareji 35,000 chete capita.

80 muzana chakakomba wechipfuwo chigadzirwa munyika inopiwa yacho ushanyi bhora. Gore negore kuuya pano vanhu vanenge mamiriyoni mapfumbamwe, pamwechete hombe kukwezva state plesieroorde.

Yakanakira zvokurima, chete anenge maviri muzana ndima. Kurai Andorra, mbatatisi, bhari, fodya uye rye. Hazvishamisi kuti zita nyika ine mutauro Basque rinoreva "nzvimbo."

The chikuru dambudziko hugota pakati Andorra ndechokuti ufanane zvoupfumi of pedyo nyika - France uye Spain - zvakananga kukanganisa chinzvimbo chake. Izvi imhaka yokuti zviri undersized nyika kupinzwa zvokudya uye pakugadzira zvinhu.

A Chivakashure ndinoiitawo chinhu nyoro mutero mitemo, pasipasi kupindira mune upfumi neHurumende. The yokupedzisira, zvikurukuru, zvinoita mabhizimisi kushanda pamwe anenge asina kurambidzwa.

Uyewo, pane akasununguka wezvokutengeserana wongoramba. Saka, muna weutungamiriri pakati Andorra, akasvika yomunharaunda the uyai, unogona kutenga yepamusoro French uye Spanish zvinhu panguva pazasi vachikanganisa 25-40% of mutengo munyika dzakavakidzana.

"Overseas" Vavakidzani

Pakupedzisira isu anofanira kutaura States kumuganhu Overseas France. Izvi zvinosanganisira Brazil, Suriname uye Netherlands Antilles.

Brazil - zvinonzi kuzivikanwa sechinhu zvoupfumi Rafa Latin America. It ane nzvimbo aitungamirira chinzvimbo Mercosur (iri mubatanidzwa musika yeSouth America). Chikuru muupenyu ari indasitiri vari kumaodzanyemba kumatunhu. Unobereka avhiyesheni, motokari, simbi, kofi, shuga, bhutsu, jira nezvimwe zvigadzirwa.

Zvizhinji varombo vakawanda anogara munzvimbo kuchamhembe-okumabvazuva. Zvisinei, maguta aya zvino kutanga kukwezva upfumi guru tichitarisa kuvandudza hupfumi mutemo munyika.

Kusiyana wambotaurwa hofori, Zimbabwe ndiyo nyika ruduku Latin America. Upfumi mamiriro hwakavakirwa bhizimisi uye kurima.
Pano tora mafuta kubva mugungwa, bauxite, goridhe uye aruminiyamu. Dimura huni.

Kura makokonati, mupunga, nzungu uye mabhanana. Kune varimi mubasa zvipfuwo uye yehuku.

In yose, maererano pamutemo manyuko munzvimbo idzi unobatanidzwa pamusoro kota rwekuita vemo.

Netherlands Antilles pemvura vanoonekwa kuti mukuru munyika. mamiriro ichi anogara tichiregeredza mabasa, peturu achinatsa uye zvokufambisa, uyewo kugadzirwa ngarava.

Saka, munyaya ino tichataura namambo mumwe chete dzakaparara mamiriro ezvoupfumi rine dzakavakidzana kweFrance.

Rombo rakanaka kwamuri, hama dzinodiwa. Travel zvakawanda!