The chikuru muenzaniso zvoupfumi - muchidimbu

Economic mhando kazhinji vanomiririra mberi ukama socio-zvoupfumi uye ukama pakati zvoupfumi masangano, yakasimbiswa pachishandiswa yemamiriro siyana pfuma uye nzira mutemo macroeconomic basa. Sezvo upfumi masangano anogona dzimba, yemakambani uye hurumende.

Mumakore mazana maviri nemakore munyika kunyanya vakavhura mana yose muenzaniso zvoupfumi. Ava vaviri hurongwa pamwe hune musika upfumi - yakaisvonaka capitalism uye capitalism ano, uye vaviri mhando asiri musika hurongwa - uye zvetsika yaiona-murayiro. Uye mukati rakapihwa uchitikurudzira ezvoupfumi mhando emit zvakasiyana-siyana yemashoko zvoupfumi nomunhu nharaunda uye nyika. Zvinotevera mukuru kurondedzerwa yose zvoupfumi.

The chinyakare maitiro

Izvi mhando kurima kwakapararira munyika underdeveloped munyika uye chinoreva pasi azvipire zvokugadzira zvinhu kukura, muprista kuwanda kwezvinhu remaoko uye mnogoukladovuyu upfumi, iyo kunoratidzwa muna coexistence-siyana zvoupfumi siyana. Kazhinji akachengetedzwa rwokuzvarwa-zvaiita siyana kugadzirwa nokuparadzirwa. Upfumi chinhu basa rinokosha kuti madiki kugadzirwa, akapa vazhinji webasa uye mapurazi.

In National upfumi, kushanda pasi zvetsika yezvinhu, iyo inokosha basa reDare vatorwa guta. The Social nemamiriro vanhu panguva imwe chete zvachose kunobva nemakore nheyo uye tsika, vanhu vakaderera, kuchamuka - izvo zvinokanganisa zvikuru socio-zvoupfumi.

Administrative-murayiro hurongwa

Economic yemashoko norudzi murayiro dzave vakagamuchirwa munyika dzose dzose mugovanisi mumusasa (pamusoro zvose, muSoviet Union), uye mune dzimwe nyika yokuAsia.

Siyana zviri ichi mhando management zvinosanganisira zvinotevera:

• zvarinoroora zvoupfumi pfuma - hurumende,
• bureaucratization uye mamiriro monopolization hwenyika,
• hwaro upfumi basa - nechepakati kuronga hwenyika;
• kudiwa, wedzerai uye kudiwa pakutsvaga centralized kuronga dhipatimendi, pasina yakananga vatengi uye vaburitsi nokuda enyika nevakawanda dzidziso.

wakachena capitalism

muenzaniso uyu wakashanda muna 18-19 emakore, uye yaimirira musika upfumi hurongwa pamwe yakaisvonaka makwikwi. Economic basa chaiitirwa bedzi Entrepreneurs, capitalists uye, naizvozvovo, ivo muridzi uridzi. Kuenda kuzvidzora oga guta pahwaro vakasununguka mumisika uye usingashandi hurumende kuzvirega zvichikanganisa izvi. Takatowedzera vakaripira vashandi kushayikwa munzanga vakadzivirirwa chiitiko kwemabasa, kukwegura, kurwara.

ano capitalism

Pakazosvika pakati pezana remakore rechi20, nokuuya pamusoro zvokugadzira zvinhu chimurenga, kukurumidza kukura evanhu, hwokugadzira uye maindasitiri zvinokosha, masangano ehurumende vari kutanga maziso kubatanidzwa kukura National upfumi. capitalism Kwakachena zvishoma nezvishoma kushandurwa kukura capitalism ano. Pasi ino, chero nyika muenzaniso zvoupfumi, iyo vakagamuchira ayo chaiyo zvinhu kwakavakirwa zvinhu zvemagariro, kwemadzinza, nenzvimbo dzakaitika ezvinhu. Ngationgororei zvimwe zvacho.

American womuenzaniso

• Active kukurudzirwa madiki (80% vose mabasa matsva vakasikwa ne madiki);
• State zvishoma kuzvirega zvichikanganisa murau hwenyika;
• State muridzi kunoturwa chaizvo zvishoma yaipedzerwa wechinhu muridzi;
• iziviswe stratification nzanga kupinda vapfumi nevarombo makirasi;
• zvakakwana zvinodiwa pakurarama uye kudzivirirwa evanhu wezvizvarwa murombo.

The Japanese zvoupfumi muenzaniso

• kushingaira simba pamusoro pokumuka ehurumende upfumi pamwe fanira kuronga okukura ichi (-gore mashanu urongwa ndokukweverwazve kumusoro mamwe nzvimbo upfumi);
• mibairo vashandi vanhuwo uye vakuru yemakambani akasiyana chete zvishoma, saka mari pachiyero ndimo zvakanaka zvakaenzana;
• upfumi ane munzanga wezwi (muitiro muupenyu basa, magariro Kudyidzana, etc.).

South Korean womuenzaniso

• ekuronga State, kukura-gore mashanu zvirongwa;
• kuzviomesera mutemo vanorumwe zvoupfumi basa kuti pave kunze kwenyika uye kurerutsa kupinzwa;
• State kudzora rwezvemabhengi zvekutepfenyura.

The Chinese womuenzaniso

• ari coexistence ose pamusika uye okutarisira-vakaronga upfumi ;
• Nokuraramisa chokuzvisarudzira zvoupfumi zvikamu;
• kunyange mari mumatunhu;
• kukosha weimba;
• Chinese vanotodzoka kuti vanoshingaira kutsigira kukura National upfumi.