The Italian Constitution: nhoroondo uye mukuru unhu

Italy kuti bumbiro rakagamuchirwa muna 1947. Ichokwadi, nokuti zvishoma achinja - anenge gumi nemashanu yakabvumira kugadziriswa kwemutemo wekuita kunge akatanga mumakore achangopfuura. Kunyange zvakadaro, mukuru urongwa kuramba chete. Kana kuitika Bumbiro, inoitwa zvikamu zviviri uye gumi dzinokosha.

The Italian Bumbiro: enhoroondo zvinhu

Hazvina chakavanzika kuti nyika akanzi zvokuvhoterwa muzana remakore rapfuura, asi kodzero muItaly yave rakavapo pamusoro emakore apfuura akawanda. Zvakatanga pamwe kuitwa vanonzi "Albertine chinzvimbo" muna 1848 pamusoro munharaunda kwoumambo Sardinia. Nechekare muna 1870, pashure pokunge kubatana dzose Italian zvakakwana, "Status" akava Constitution munyika wokutanga.

Zvechokwadi, pane huchiripo munhu yepamutemo umambo. Zvisinei, Constitution rokutanga Italy, uye akazivisa zvimwe democratic akananga munyika kukura. Kushanduka muchimiro hurumende yakakanganiswa muna 1922, apo nyika wakatangwa ne utongi hwechiFascist hwechiFascist, ukuwo musoro wehurumende vakamira Benito Mussolini.

Muna December 1925, mutemo mutsva, uyo wakadzikwa munyika hurumende imwe-party, kuti Duce (mutungamiri webato) oga inomiririra Executive bazi rehurumende. Muna 1943, Italy, icho chinotsigirwa Japan uye Germany vakakundwa muHondo Yenyika II. Zvazova chinodiwa kuti zvibviswe Kuedzwa hwechiKomonisiti.

Muna 1946 rimwe referendamu wakaitwa. migumisiro vakaratidza chido kurambidza vanhu totalitarianism, saka yakanga raunganidza Constituent Assembly, apo kwakasarudzwa kuti kuzivisa nyika zvokuvhoterwa, izvo zvakaitika June 18, 1946.

The Constitution chitsva Italy muna 1947 rakagamuchirwa kubva Assembly pedyo ruzhinji vhoti. Chaizvoizvo, iye vakabatana mazuva mana gare gare - January 1, 1948, uye kunyange sezvo Charter kwave kuchiita zvimwe kuchinja, vanhuwo zvinhu zvakafanana.

The Italian Bumbiro: neimwewo muchidimbu

Kutaura zvazviri, izvi gwaro politico-pamutemo rine mitemo, kusanganisira magariro uye pamutemo framework, mutemo nouzivi hurongwa. Sezvambotaurwa, rokuItari Constitution chinosanganisira anoverengeka zvikamu:

• Nhanganyaya chikamu "Basic Principles", iyo ine 12 nyaya;
• huru chikamu "Rights uye Mabasa vomuUmambo";
• huru chikamu "mudziyo of Republic";
• Transitional uye yokupedzisira mirayiro.

Maererano gwaro iri, simba rose rakakamurwa matavi matatu mureza:

• Legislative simba runobva chete kuti nhengo dzeParamende, uyewo emunharaunda kanzuru, asi chete mumamiriro kugona kwavo;
• The rokutonga simba hunopiwa muna Constitutional Court uye matare;
• Varikutonga masimba - ndiye anozviita wenyika uye Vashumiri.

Nenzira, rokuItari Constitution uye kurondedzera ukama hunokosha kuna Catholic Church: zvakakodzera kuyeuka kuti izvi apo riri yeVatican State. Kare muna 1929 pakati Italy uye Vatican Concordat akanga yakasainwa uye Agreement (chikamu Lateran Pacts): maererano kwavari Vatican anekodzero kukwana changamire. Uyezve, yeRoma akanga asarudzwa sechitendero chetsika kweItari. Zvinofadza kuti, mukuwedzera kune izvozvo, rokuItari Constitution wakapatsanura chechi kubva ehurumende uye sezvarayirwa zviga wakaenzana zvitendero zvose.