Anti-democratic hurumende: pfungwa uye mhando

Chii Anti-democratic utongi enyika? On chii chikonzero nayo kunotsanangurwa? Zvii anoita? kuti kwaita sei Anti-democratic hwoudzvinyiriri? Heino haasaruri mazita nyaya dzichakurukurwa munyaya ino.

Chii unonzi utongi enyika?

nzira iyi pakuronga ezvinhu ukama, iyo inoratidza ukama kwenzanga uye simba. Inokosha kubva pfungwa iyi maonero ndiyo padanho rusununguko enyika uye weupenyu ehurumende. Muzviitiko zvakawanda izvi nokuda kuuya tsika, tsika, nhoroondo zviri munyika kukura. izvi zvose zvakakonzera kuti chokwadi kuti zvose hurumende Anozvirumbidza kweutongi yakasiyana enyika.

Asi pasinei dzakadaro features, kuwana zvakafanana - business nyore. Saka, shandisa zviviri Generic pfungwa mabhuku masayendisiti: Anti-democratic hurumende uye democratic. Ivo huchakurukurwa newokuti nokuenzanisa rinobatanidza pfungwa zvavari. Sezvo hwokugadzira zvinhu zvakafanira kuti azivise muverengi kuti Anti-democratic hurumende iri mberi akakamurwa kuva anomanikidza uye udzvinyiriri.

umboo

Chii kunoratidzwa enyika hwoudzvinyiriri? Vamwe features, unogona kutaura ndiani zvino simba? Zviratidzo Anti-democratic utongi zvinotevera:

1. Hunodzorwa mutemo uye kutya.
2. Kushaya enyika pluralism.
3. No kushorwa mubato.

Uye Vatsigiri democratic hurumende sezvo kwayo antipode:

1. Kwemitemo.
2. Pane kupatsanurwa kwemasimba (Executive, zvemitemo nezvakatongwa).
3. Kune zvechokwadi, kwete declarative enyika uye magariro nekodzero uye rusununguko vemunyika.
4. The vehurumende vanosarudzwa.
5. Panewo kushingaira kunatsiridza vanhu nokupikiswa uye pluralism.

ngatiregei zvakare kuteerera inokosha mashoko. Kana ane utongi anomanikidza , simba rezvematongerwo enyika riri kusimbiswa mumaoko boka revanhu kana imwe munhu. Asi mhiri enyika bhora anoramba nekaupenyu vakasununguka. Pasi pevatongi hurumende ichiri zvakasimba dzinodzorwa nezviremera. Izvi pamwe vakawanda supervisory miviri. Kana democratic hwoudzvinyiriri kuonekwa kwainyanya simba vanhu. Kudyidzana kunobva mazano rusununguko uye akaenzana. Saka chii chinoratidza anoita Anti-democratic hwechiKomonisiti?

authoritarianism

Muchiitiko chino, apo ndichitaura pamusoro Anti-democratic mamiriro hwechiFascist, zvinoreva Kunoitwa, umambo, neototalitarizm, utongi rechiuto, kana simba munhu zvichienderana. Authoritarianism kazhinji anoenda pamwechete udzvinyiriri. The chaiyo political kupikiswa ndisipo, asi mune dzimwe nzvimbo (zvakatipoteredza, mushonga uye zvichingodaro) hwaponeswa ari kuzvionera wacho. Unogona kusarudza zvakadaro zvinhu:

1. Power harina parinogumira uye chin'a hunhu vagari vakaratidza muchimiro vanodzvinyirirwa, umambo, uto junta, uye zvichingodaro.
2. Kwakavakirwa simba. Asi kwete chokwadi kuti hurumende anomanikidza unodzokera vakawanda udzvanyiriri. Unogona kuva akakurumbira nevamwe vanhu. Asi kana zvichifanira, chero chinhu kuti manikidza vagari kupinda pasi kunogona kutorwa.
3. The chindingindingi of political bhora uye simba.
4. Replenishment of vaitungamirira cadres kunze kuburikidza co-optation, uye kwete kushandisa nzira makwikwi. Nekuda ichi, pane dambudziko chamazuva uye kuchinjwa kwesimba.
5. Hapana zvachose kudzora vanhu. Izvi pamwe imwe dhigirii vasiri chipingaidzo mu nokure enyika.

Chii authoritarianism

Rakakamurwa siyana munzvimbo yose boka iine maitiro. Kunogona nokuramba wakaomerera panzira anomanikidza, mwero, rupo, populist uye nationalist-nyika hwoudzvinyiriri. Mumwe nomumwe wavo ane pachake zvachiri.

The nhatu dzokutanga inomira kubuda nokuda kusiyanisa kuomarara ari simba. Populist authoritarianism hunovakirwa uremu. National-nyika nzira inoshandisa chinobatanidza zvose (kana kupfuura) pamusoro pfungwa kuvaka utongi kana hweruzhinji muvanhu. Kureva authoritarianism anopindura ane zvenguva chinzvimbo.

totalitarianism

The Zvinoitwa rudzi urwu - Kuwanikwa kudzora zvose zvinobatanidzwa munzanga nezviremera. Uyezve, zviri zvakashandiswa (mutungamiri kana bato). Uyewo maitiro ndiwo kuvapo imwe dzidziso, iri madikanwa kuti zvizvarwa zvose. It anoshandisa zvichiongororwa simba uye supervisory michina kuitira kuti hapana kuparadzana. Zvinowanzoshandiswa mapurisa udzvanyiriri uye kutyisidzira. Chinangwa utongi hwoudzvinyiriri maringe vagari ndiko kuumba pusa unhu, inova asingatani kuzviisa pasi. Aidzorwa uye vatevedzere mutemo anopinda ose mabasa vagari. Zvii izvi pehurumende Utongi Anti-democratic?

Zviratidzo totalitarianism

Vanogona kupfupikiswa zvina pfungwa mu:

1. Pane chete vakawanda bato. Kazhinji, rinenge inotungamirirwa mutungamiriri vekushangazhika. Uyewo pane batanidzo, iri kusangana wehurumende uye mubato, zvakanakira ari rutivi kukosha ndiye wokupedzisira.
2. Centralization uye monopolization simba kunoda kuti chinonyanya kukosha kuvimbika mubato iri hurumende. Material, zvechitendero, aesthetic uye dzimwe tsika dziri yechipiri. Uye nemhaka iyi kunyangarika miganhu pakati mabhora upenyu, nyika yose iri kukurukurwa sezvo rimwe mumusasa.
3. Kuva mumwe mukuru dzidziso. Ivepo kupinda kuziva nemhaka hombe uye nangananga kumanikidza sezvaari chete nemafungiro chokwadi. A Zvinoitwa dzematongerwe uyu kuti kusimbisa iri vaiita tsika (rudzi, rudzi, mamiriro, kirasi kana dzinza). Pane kusashivirirana chero kuparadzana.
4. Kuva maitiro mupfungwa uye mumuviri kutya. Akavaka mupurisa mamiriro, iyo inoshandisa nheyo "chete chii anobvumirwa, chii akaudzwa kuzviremera."

Ndivo zvinhu marudzi akasiyana Anti-democratic hwoudzvinyiriri. Asi ikozvino kuwana chinhu chakakwana hazvibviri, iva nechokwadi pane zvinhu zvimwe hurongwa enyika. Saka, kunzwisisa musiyano pakati democratic uye undemocratic utongi, funga zvinhu wokutanga. Chokwadi, ichi zvinoitwa dzakanakira muenzaniso ehurumende.

Democracy chacho zviratidzo

Kubva rechiGiriki rinoreva "hweruzhinji". Vagari rinoti vane vakadaro gadziriro vanonzi kwainyanya kubva zvakarurama.

Democracy ane anotevera zvinhu:

1. The sarudzo. Vagari akasarudzirwa vehurumende iri akamira zvakaenzana.
2. The kupatsanurwa kwemasimba. Kune pamutemo, Executive nezvakatongwa pamatavi zviri akazvimirira.
3. Veruzhinji. Vanhu vanogona kuchinja hurumende, nemhaka hombe richikurukura masangano vanozvipira munharaunda.
4. Kuenzanirana. All vane vakaenzana kodzero dzezvematongerwo.
5. Pluralism. siyana uye pfungwa dzevamwe vanhu vanoremekedzwa. Pachaunga hapana kusenza uye pane pachena zvachose.
6. Kutsauswa. Relationships inoitirwa kuwana mose mhinduro. Kusawirirana vaneta pamutemo nzira.

Kana vanhu kutaura enyika hwoudzvinyiriri: democratic uye Anti-democratic - pangava nematambudziko pamwe nokunzwisisa mashoko awanika nokuti zvimwe zvitendero uye mafungiro. Zvakanaka zvinobatsira kukurira refu kugara munharaunda imwe nyika.

Anti-democratic hurumende: heterogeneity uye zvinhu

Takatodzidza kutaurwa kuti hurumende dzakasiyana zvakasikwa. About Anti-democratic Utongi enyika vakataura mumazuva akare; dzakakurumbira ikako despotism uye vanodzvinyirirwa. Muchiitiko chokutanga zvinoreva zvemasanga uye mapfumo simba, iyo yakavakirwa nehanya. Kudzvinyirira kwakavakirwa mumwe-murume kutonga, kana simba riri abvuta uye rakatangwa kwoutsinye nzira kwayo Implementation. Chimwe chinhu chinokosha ichi mhando Musha ndiyo hurumende kwepamutemo kuburikidza nevapanduki d'pokupidigura hurumende nechisimba achishandisa chisimba.

Uyewo sezvo chikamu chinoshanda Implementation kufarira zviri neChikomonisiti zvechiuto. Vari inobva chokwadi kuti zviremera ndivo misoro chairo muchiuto (serimwe rinogona kutsiva - kuchengeteka mabasa). It unoisa nemhaka kubvuta masimba, kana zviito zviri kunangana nehurumende chepamutemo zvavo.

Antidemocratic hwoudzvinyiriri pamusoro inoti iri mhando zvakanga zvakakurumbira zvikuru muzana remakore rapfuura (asi inoona nezvenjodzi shoma, ivo Asia, Africa, Latin uye South America). Pashure pokugadzwa yavo asika mapazi zvechiuto uye mapurisa midziyo, yaisanganisira vehondo, kuchengeteka basa uye nezvimwe masangano kudzora yevagari, shamwari yavose , uye zvichingodaro. Asi ichi ndicho chete mukuru pfungwa Anti-democratic hurumende iri mhando. Kuti ave nani achiziva, vanofanira kuongorora nomumwe nyaya imwe neimwe yoga.

mhedziso

Pano tinewo kunzwisisa chii hwoutongi uye Anti-gutsaruzhinji hwoudzvinyiriri, uyewo zvinhu yokupedzisira. Haiwa, pano waimiririra chete muromo mashoko iceberg. Kuti tinzwisise zvakanaka pfungwa Anti-democratic hurumende uye zvichabatsira zvinoumba uye nuances kuti unofanira kudzidza yakawanda dzakananga, akapotsa pfungwa mabhuku.