The Golden Bulla Karla 4 of 1356. Legislative Chiito Mutsvene Roman Empire

Czech maruva pakaberekwa yaMambo Charles IV. Chokwadi, Golden Bull - chinhu chinokosha chaipo, asi haisi chete.

Zvakanga superbly akadzidza murume. Aida nhetembo, pedyo neshamwari Petrarch, aikwanisa mumitauro mishanu yokuEurope. Ndokusaka Charles IV akabatsira kuumba muPrague archiepiscopal cheya uye akazarura yunivhesiti yokutanga muchikamu ichi Europe.

Mark munhoroondo

Czech Republic rizere nzvimbo enhoroondo chokuita mabasa Charles IV, - King weBohemia akazova mambo Mutsvene hweRoma. Ichi uye akakurumbira Spa muguta Karlovy Siyanisa uye chivako muna Hradcany uye Charles Bridge pamusoro Vltava uye Castle Karlštejn.

Military mishandirapamwe anenge asina kudiwa, uye vakakudza mambo haana kuenda navo sezvo rinovhenekera uye kuvaka akwezvwe zvakawanda. The zita vaichengetedza ounyanzvi uye sayenzi wokugamuchirwa Gold nzombe akanyorwa zvechokwadi chete yendarama tsamba munhoroondo yenyika.

kutanga

Carl akaberekwa mumhuri youshe muPrague. baba vake - John Mapofu - yakabuda kubva Luxembourg imba youmambo, uye mai vake - Eliška - mwanasikana waMambo Vaclav II. Akakurira pave norudo, kubvongodzwa, smyshlonym, kuziva.

Karl akanga rombo kudzidza kuFrance mudare Philip VI mune ramangwana Pope Clement VI - murume akadzidza chaizvo, nomunhu akazvipira zvikuru nhoroondo, unyanzvi uye sayenzi. akarayira Pazera gumi, Charles akanga Wakatotanga chibate mamiriro, baba kutanga naye Luxembourg, ipapo Moravia, uye pashure pokufa kwomwanakomana wake wakasiya yose Czech Republic.

kuti kugadzwa zviri Karl Kunyange asati akakurukura uye anotenderwa kusikwa Korona idzva, anozivikanwa pasi zita St. Wenceslas. Chete mhemberero uye akasimbisa mutsva - zvakatanga muna Visegrad, uye ipapo mudungwe vakatamira kwazvo panguva Old Town Square muPrague Castle mhiri Vltava. Mutambo vanhu vose vakanga chakakodzera akanakidzwa mambo mutsva, pashure vachimudana baba Motherland. Kwete Czech Republic asiwo yose Europe akanzwa kunaka rokutonga Charles IV.

zvisikwa

Paitonga Charles akakwanisa abhadhare mukurwisana zvose muchiuto vari chaizvoizvo ari chipande, uye saka haana kudzivisa hondo kuti mambo kwazvo kutora simba mumaoko avo. Yorunyararo - nyasha mumadhorobha kukura, kuti yunivhesiti yacho kuvambwa, kuvaka dzimba uye migwagwa, kukwidza yakakwirira pamwero Agriculture (French Lorraine mazambiringa uye plums muCzech Republic - zviri zvachose kukosha Charles).

Uyezve, akaita Vltava navigable Kushongedzera madziva kuti hove kurima. All kuti Karl akanga aita, kunyange zvakaoma yokuverenga. Zvisinei, iye chete kuverenga zvakawanda, akanyora autobiography kuti kare.

mambo

Pakati European madzimambo Charles ainakidzwa refu mukurumbira sezvo bhizimisi uye gavhuna vakatendeseka, kwete kuvamanikidza. Uye kana kuti vamuite mambo? Sacred Roman Empire vaisandishora. Uyezve, pfungwa chaizvo zvimwe vakwira pamwe mudzidzisi wake - Pope Clement, atova agere pachigaro choushe Avignon. mudzidzi uyu chivi kwete kutsigira.

Vachiita zvinoreva evasingatombonamati runyararo, Karl ave zvishoma nezvishoma kuwedzera uridzi kwayo. Nokutenga munda muSilesia, muThuringia, Saxony, iye akasimbisa mukuru simba kuburikidza pedyo nenyika. Saka kwachiri uye akakurudzira Luzatsiya Margravate Brandenburg. Nyaya akaenda zvose asi kukakavara: rokutenga, makondirakiti, michato.

Nyika iri kutambura zvoupfumi tiguu kusvikira zvisingaoneki simba. Akasimuka yatumbuka waini, miti uye Fisheries, zvokutengeserana uye ounyanzvi. The simba roumambo, ndikasimbiswa, ichi chaiva zvishoma nezvishoma. Zvisinei, Carl uye haana kuda kurega zvinoitika kosi yavo.

nzombe Golden

Chinangwa chikuru chemusha wamambo Czech chaiva kusimbisa hurumende paakasika mitemo mutsva. Golden Bull muna 1356 uye akava gwaro kuti kusvikira dzazvino aiita munharaunda yacho.

Zvikurukuru, hazvina akarondedzerwa kutsivana: chigaro nguva dzose anoenda mukuru mwanakomana wamambo, pavasikana anogona nhaka simba chete pasina vamiririri hono mhando. Kana nhangemutange anomiswa upi chikonzero, korona awana kusarudza kudya. Very nenjere uye pragmatically mano. Suffrage nokuti Sejm akasimbisawo uye zvinotsanangurwa muudzame Golden Bull muna 1356

Bumbiro idzva vasati kurigamuchira kukurukurwa uye akatonga refu uye zvakaoma Reichstag muNuremberg uye Metz. Finalization of gwaro yakashongedzwa nechisimbiso goridhe uye goridhe mhosva. Saka zita - the Golden Bull. Sezvo zvakava pachena kuti zviri mukati gwaro iri zvinokosha kwemakore. Akashumira kusvikira pakuguma mbiri Empire German (kusvikira 1918!) Inokosha mutemo sangano uye kuvaka nechepakati nyika iyi European. Izvi zvinoratidza kamwe zvakare sei Golden Bull ndiye penya.

Betsero dze mutemo mutsva

Yemisangano kubatanidzwa kusarudzwa mubati nyika panobviswa chose. Kare, hapana mutongi haana kutora danho rakadaro, kuti zviparadzanise venyika uye Ecclesiastical simba. It akatora Golden Bull. General maitiro mitemo yayo chinoratidza kuti zvakagadzirwa vakauya upenyu yakawanda nyaya. It akagunzva dzose uye zvose akaturikidzana chavagari romuMiddle hwacho.

Kuitwa Yechinwiwa Bull akateerera kare isingachinji tsika Emperor sarudzo. Pakutanga, vanomwe namachinda-electors vakatora chikamu mune sarudzo (matatu Ecclesiastical mana enyika).

The Golden Bulla Karla 4 vaiti ari inviolability ramachinda kodzero kuti repamusorosoro. Machinda oga aigona kuva migodhi zvicherwa, kuumba mari, kutora tsika basa uye kunyange zviri pamutemo panguva hondo nevavakidzani. Uye chete vatongi vari pasi vasina kodzero varwise ishe wake. With zvose guta iri zvaisambobvumirwa kupinda sungano. Saka States kudzivirira conspiracies.

Electors uyewo kutirambidza kodzero miganhu weboka nevanovhota, uye zviri pamutemo akasimbisa Golden Bull. General zvechadenga gwaro iri mubvunzo unoratidza kuti vanopfuura chete kutarisira Charles IV weBohemia chizvarwa, kureva Czech umambo: ropafadzo yakakura hanya izvi munyika dzavo varidzi.

Location chitarisiko Golden Bull

Sezvo guta guru Hutsvene hweRoma, Roma raiva inongova, uye mambo zvakawanda akada kurarama kwavo yechizvarigo - muPrague, Karl akasarudza guta muNuremberg, uko akapedza ake makuru Imperial Diet - dzakaunganidzwa chemhando kwamachinda yose Central Europe.

Zvaiva imomo kuti Golden Bull akabvumirwa muna 1356. MuGermany, hakuna akarasika simba rayo kunyange pashure pokufa Hutsvene hweRoma muna 1806. MuNuremberg akava guta guru hweRoma: Charles IV akashanyira ake nguva mashanu namaviri uye ndaingova rudzi zororo. Suo mhemberero yaiva dzinonakidza uye mavara zvemaoresa upi kutamba, uye ugare Emperor chaizvo uye dare ake muguta chishamiso tinoshandurirwa noupenyu vagari.

Kuti pane chimwe chete pfungwa mubereko chokuita chiitiko akadai kuti vakagamuchirwa nokuda Golden Bull. It Männleinlaufen - "Running Men" - anofadza maawa ari Frauenkirche, yakazaruka ose zuva masikati. Kubva pamukova ipapo mudanidziri, vaimbi, mambo uye yakakurumbira nomwe Electors, izvo yokunzvenga mambo akakotama katatu. Mutongi vachidzungudza tsvimbo, zviviri nhamba watchmakers mwoyo masikati, uye rose mudungwe usiku yokuvanda mukati wachi. zvinokwezva ava nguva Charles IV muNuremberg kune vazhinji kwazvo.

Feudal kusabatana mutemo

Miganhu enshrined kamwe kwenguva dzose, Umambo Hutsvene hweRoma muna XIV-XV emakore asina nokuti kwakachinja hondo, dynastic michato, uye kuita muranda zvakatadzisa zvakasiyana variability. Asi chaizvoizvo emakore izvi zvakava zvakanaka nguva yokuti pavapenyu maguta German kuti kukura uye kubudirira ose rwokugadzira uye kutengeserana.

Cities zvibereko zvigadzirwa chete pamisika pachake vemo. Zvisinei, zvishoma nezvishoma, pane nzvimbo dzakadaro, vane zvigadzirwa dzinotengeswa kwete chete munyika asiwo kwose. Apo Charles IV nyanzvi dzokugadzira yakabuda anopfuura makumi mashanu maindasitiri, kusanganisira typographic uye manufactory. Viticulture uye zvipfuwo yawana uremu ari kwose kubudirira kurima.

zvichemo

Kukura enyika hwacho muMiddle Ages akarambidza machinda chaizvo, uyo distrusted nokusimbaradza youmambo simba, uye chinangwa nokuchiva kwavo kwaisava pamwe, uye centralization mukati imwe nzvimbo diki.

Carl, kudzidzisa kukurukurwa wokutanga zvemitemo mabasa Chokwadi, zvaida kufungawo chido nyaya. Iye akabata vaiva pamaoko zvakasimba, asi zvinyoronyoro, ari kubatana vanapapa uye chikuru vakakwirira. Uye nehanya nezvekuparadzwa zvoupfumi uye tsika kubudirira ndima yaakaronzeswa. First - Czech Republic, uye ipapo vakasara. Saka zviri nyore kwazvo electors German Yechinwiwa Bull akasikwa. A mukuru cho iyi: hurumende uye miganhu kusabatana vakapinda mutemo.

Kufara nevezvematongerwo mamiriro umambo Chokwadi, vakanga. German polycracy tsaona Somuenzaniso, rinonzi Gold Bull FK Schlosser. Asi kuchinja yeChina pamwe chete nokuremekedza rinotsanangura zvinotaurwa Golden Bull. The tsananguro zvakajeka uye chaiwo; ndiwo mutemo dzinokosha umambo, izvo akabvumira kuti vabudirire. Vamwe kunyange akati kuti ichi ndicho chokutanga bumbiro German.