6-soro dhamu munyika

Man agara achiedza kudzivirira kubva okunze, uye pamwe kuwedzera yebudiriro, vanhu asarudza kukurira simba rezvakasikwa uye kurishandisa nokuda kwezvinangwa zvavo. Nhasi tichakurukura zvikuru chinzvimbo Hydroelectric miti, zvinoreva chiri akafanana mamiriro kukosha. Tichazozviona chii soro dhamu munyika. Pasi ndiro pamusoro 6 kupfuura guru-pamwero madhamu munyika.

I vanoisa - Jinping HPP-1 mu China

Nhasi ndiro chirefu kupfuura dhamu munyika, akasika namaoko avanhu. kukwirira kwayo kunosvika 305 m, uye urefu -. 568 M Jinping HPP-1 akaiswa kushanda muna 2014 uye pakarepo rikawira "Guinness Book of Records," nokuda ayo anoshamisa ukuru. Kuvakwa mai rakatanga muna 2005, uye pashure pemakore 7 rokutanga hydraulic injini pachiteshi kwakatangwa. 2015 wakatangwa wokupedzisira, yechitanhatu chikwata. Chii chinosiyanisa hydraulic sepombi pamusoro Chinese hydropower chirimwa kubva mamwe miti simba munyika, saka isimba dzakabatana. Kana ano simba zviumbu anoshanda inokwana 300 ths. KWh, ipapo zviri 600 thous. KW. Uyewo mumwe simba kupfuura dhamu munyika. The dhamu iri muna Sichuan pedyo mumuromo Yalong River.

II nzvimbo - the Nurek hydropower chirimwa muna Tajikistan

dhamu magadzirirwo kwakatangwa muna 1950, uye makore chete pashure 11 chakatangwa kuvakwa kwayo. Ndokuguma chete muna 1972, gore rimwe chete uye yakaitwa kwayo zvishoma nezvishoma nokutumwa: wokutanga chikwata chinogumbura kwakatangwa zvegore, uye vokupedzisira - makore 7. Saka 1979, GES akashanda pana zvizere chinzvimbo, ichipa kusvika 75% iri simba mari. Negore unobereka magetsi kubva ichi Hydroelectric simba ravarwi sezvakarayirwa bhiriyoni 11 KW / h. Mvura panguva Hydroelectric simba zvinomera hazvisi chete kushandiswa vaunze magetsi, asiwo kuti kutumwa yakagadzirwa tunnels yokudiridzira nyika yekurima.

Kusvikira 2013 yaiva chirefu kupfuura dhamu munyika, wasvika pane nekukwirira 300 M pakureba - 70? Km. It rinokwana vhoriyamu mvura pa 10 km ^3, 98 km ^2, 9 ane emagetsi simba. Rakamiswa dhamu iri Vakhsh River pedyo netaundi Nurek.

III nzvimbo - GES Syaovan mu China

Ndicho soro kwedenga dhamu munyika, kusvika kukwirira 292 m. Zvinonzi rakamiswa pamusoro Mekong River. In China, 7 CT, asi ichi ndicho guru pakati pavo. On okuvaka mitemo, mai yakavakwa nokukurumidza: kuti erection okuvaka rakatanga muna 2002, uye pashure 7 makore akaiswa kushanda injini wokutanga March 2010 pakuvaka rakapera. Muna 2013, akanga basa rokupedzisira muinjini. The dhamu iri vakapakata nhanhatu simba hydraulic dzakabatana. Avhareji kukosha simba chizvarwa riri mabhiriyoni 19 kWh / h.

Yokufeva dhamu yakavakwa kufunga kuramba zvizivikanwe nemichina vibrations kusvika 8 paRichter scale, ine "gobvu" paiva nhoroondo yomunhu, iro kuvakwa. An Chivako pevhu kuti HPP ane zvinoorora saizi - vanenge 300 mamita pakureba.

IV nzvimbo - Grand Diksens kuSwitzerland

Ndicho chikuru Hydroelectric simba chirimwa mu Europe uye rechitatu munyika kukura. Rakamiswa dhamu iri murwizi Diksens, vaakadana akawana zita rayo. Concrete maumbirwo rinosvika munhu kukwirira 285 m, urefu - 695 m, upamhi -. 200 M The dura chinobatanidza Vhoriyamu mvura 0,4? Km ³ uye mugero kutaura mugungwa, kusvika 100 km.

Kuvakwa mai kwakaitika munguva kubvira 1951 kusvika 1965. Grand Diksens anogamuchira meltwater kubva zvinopfuura 30 valezianskih mazizaya - ichi zvechokwadi mamiriro simba. Mai akasika karwendo zvirongwa vashanyi, apo vari akaramba musango uye gomo pakutengeserana.

V nzvimbo - HPP Inguri kuGeorgia

Enguri HPP - a caucasian Dam, riri pamusoro anokonzera rwizi Enguri uye Eristskali, pedo neguta Jvari. Uyu ndiwo mumwe kumusoro Hydroelectric madhamu munyika, kusvika nekukwirira 272 M uye 278 M pakureba. It intakes uye nehoro 7 vanosarudzirwa pamwe dhayamita 6 M nokuda kokuyerera mvura simbe. Simba chirimwa chivakwa kuisa hydraulic Motors 5, pave gore vanenge mabhiriyoni 4.4 kWh / h dzemagetsi.

Nokuti kuti Inguri Hydroelectric simba chiteshi rinoumbwa kuchinja Hydroelectric simba chirimwa, zvichiita kuti kurwizi Eristskali anazvo Abkhazia, panofanira kuva pamwe pakati penyika mbiri. Saka Ingur gidroenergokompleks zvinosanganisira zvivako GES Georgian (a Dam uye mugove mugero) uye Abkhaz chikamu mugero uye ezvirevo HPP. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, muna 1992 pakati penyika mbiri yakasvika chibvumirano pamusoro kuparadzirwa zvemagetsi simba kune vose nyika (60% muna Georgia uye 40% kuti Abkhazia).

VI nzvimbo - Vajont Dam muItaly

Rine imwe soro madhamu munyika, yakavakwa kuchamhembe kweItaly, Vajont rwizi. Kukwirira zvivako vanosvika 261,6 m, uye urefu - 190 M pa mai iyi yakasiyana yakarongeka, rakasiyana zororo :. Conical, tapering downwards uye kunosvika kumusoro. Nechepasi payo zvasvika wakafara makubhiti 23 m, uye nenzira muhomba upamhi uye zvishoma -. Only 4 M ndiyewo "kwezvokufuka" dhamu munyika.

10.09.1963 makore ari Italian mai paiva tsaona yakaipisisa, dzikavauraya, maererano nedzimwe manyuko, kubva 2 000 kusvika 3 000 vanhu. Nokuda tisanzwa madzvotsvotsvo kuti zuva kwaiva mhoromhokwa pamahombekombe Vajont rwizi 2 km ² nzvimbo, uye dombo chaizvoizvo shamhu mukombe Dam. Water pavaipfuura kukwirira 90 M kurova mezvikomo zvose panguva nokumhanya 8-12 m / s. Zvinhu vakatora 7 chete kwemaminitsi nguva kuti vaite upenyu ezviuru zvevanhu uye vakaparadza vanoverengeka dhazeni zvivako.

Nhasi, sapazuva yokutanga muna 1959, rokuItari mai Vajont anotarisa sezvo akakwana, pasina zvisaririra zvose munhamo zviitiko hafu adarika.

Muna 2001 kwakauya eponymous firimu pamusoro chiitiko, uye mafeni mazhinji mafirimu vanoshanyira nzvimbo ino ive muripo uye nokuremekedza kuti vawirwa pazuva iroro rinotyisa zuva.