Temberi yeTikhvin Chiratidzo chaamai vaMwari muAlekseevsky: nhoroondo, tsanangudzo, purogiramu yemabasa

Kutenda kwakatsva kwevanhu veOrthodox muzviratidzo zvinoshamisa, zvakatsaurirwa kuna Tikhvin Amai vaMwari, zvakaonekwa kwenguva refu. Mufananidzo uyu waiva mukuremekedzwa pakati pevanhu veRussia. Nzvimbo yekutanga yeiyo chiratidzo yaiva Chechi yeAsumption yeMhandara, iyo yakapisa katatu mumoto, asi chiratidzo chakasara chisina kubatwa.

Pamusoro peiyo huru

Chikamu chechipiri chezana remakore rechi17 chakaratidzwa nekuti Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich akaisa dombo rekutanga rechechi, asi kuvakwa kwakapedzwa mushure mekufa kwemambo. Ichechi itsva mukukudza kweTikvin chiratidzo chaamai vaMwari muAlekseevsky yakagadzwa naMatongerari uye mutongi wechiduku Fyodor Alekseevich. Temberi yaidiwa mumhuri yeumambo, uye saka, nokuda kwevakadzi vaviri vamambo, mapoka maviri maduku akanga akavakwa zvakananga muchechi. Munguva yekutonga, akaita zvakawanda nokuda kweimba tsvene, akagovera mari yakawanda yekushandisa mari. Mushure mezvose, vaTar vaishanyira kereke ye Tikhvin Icon yaamai vaMwari muAlekseevsky uye vakapfugama pamberi penzvimbo tsvene. Akanga ari munhu akazvipira uye nechitendero chechichechi.

A bit of history

Zviitiko zvinonakidza zvakaitika munzvimbo tsvene kune imwe nguva. Tembere yeTikhvin chiratidzo cheamai vaMwari muAlekseevsky iri mumugwagwa weTroitsk wekare, unotungamirira kuUtatu-Sergius Lavra, iyo inochengetedza zvinyorwa zveumwe wevatsvene vanoremekedzwa muRussia - Sergius weRadonezh. Pane imwe nguva, panguva yekumukira kweStreltsy, Tsar Petro 1 akamira mutemberi iyi. Paakadzidza pamusoro peizvi, boka guru re streltsi rakauya imomo, uyo, achipfidza nekukumbira tsitsi, akawira pamabvi pamberi pamambo, achikotamisa misoro yavo. Petro 1 akavakanganwira vose uye akanganwirwa, kunyange zvazvo rimwe rutivi rwakaparadzwa. Muna 1812, Moscow yakabata hondo yeNapoleon, iyo yakashatisa nzvimbo dzakawanda dzeRussia, yakanga isiri iyo kereke mukukudza kweTikvin chiratidzo chaamai vaMwari muAlekseevsky. Temberi iyi yakachinjwa zvishoma nezvishoma nemauto eFrance kupinda muchitoro, uko yaisa zvigadzirwa zvayo, uye yakashandisa rekucherechedza semarara. Kwemazuva mazhinji zvinhu zvose zvakanga zviri dongo, uye muna 1824 Mambo Emeranda Alexander akatarirwa kubva parivigiro anenge makumi maviri emabhururi ekudzorerwa kwetembere. Panguva imwe chete ivo vakavaka bhero shongwe. Muna 1836 kwaiva nechiitiko chinokosha chetemberi pachayo uye yekereke yose boka. Kwenguva yekutanga tembere yakavezwa nechenda ane tarenda D. Scotti. Iyo yose temberi yakaoma mumugariro wayo wekugadzira ndiyo muenzaniso wekuvaka kereke muchimiro che "Russian uzorochya."

Tsanangudzo yeChechi yeThikvin Icon ya Amai vaMwari muAlekseevsky

Muchikamu chekutanga chezana remakore rechi19, denga reimba yekuchengetedza rakaparadzwa, uye kubva panguva iyoyo rave riri imba imwe chete. Kubva padhorosi rechipiri kwaive nemakwiya chete aifamba pamadziro nechekumadokero, kumaodzanyemba nekuchamhembe kwechivako chacho. Pamakwiwa aya anochengetedzwa mabheji ekare, akavharwa nemaoko. Pamutengo wevatengesi Konstantinov, pamakona emagetsi, pasi pemakashaya, maaritari chaiwo aSt. Nicholas naSt. Sergius akavakwa. Anozivikanwa panguva iyoyo muRussia, muumbi wezvinyorwa Bykovsky akarayira mweya wake uye unyanzvi hwake hwose muhutano hwemaatari, kutsveneswa kwakaitika muna 1848 muna May.

Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti mufambiro kuenda kutemberi ye Tikhvin Icon yaamai vaMwari muAlekseevsky yakaitwa netsoka. Kunyange nhengo dzemhuri yeumambo panguva yekufamba yakaramba kunyaradzwa kwose kuitira panguva ino yekugadzirira masakaramente makuru ekureurura nekudyidzana.

Upenyu munguva yeRevolution

Muna 1917, munaNovember, pasi pomugumo wekumusoro kwetemberi, mukuenzanirana neAlekseevsky nechemberi-chapeleri, temberi ye Great Martyr Tryphon yakasikwa. Vatendi vaiva nemukana wokukotamira mutsvene uye kukudza kuyeuka kwake.

Uye muna 1922 muchechi vanomisa Chechi yekumuka kweSomlomo, iyo iri muchitsime chechechi. Mukuwedzera, panguva imwecheteyo, fence yetemberi uye imba yemufananidzo uyu wakagadzirwa.

Munguva yekutonga kwekusada Mwari uye kudzvinyirira kunotyisa muRussia munguva yeSoviet, temberi yeTikhvin chiratidzo cheamai vaMwari muAlekseevsky yakavhurwa. Uye munhu wese aida kugunzva shrine guru, aigona kumushanyira, kushanyira basa rekunamatira uye kunamata chiratidzo chezvishamiso. Asi izvi hazvina kudzivirira hurumende yeSoviet muna 1922 kuti ibve panzvimbo yetemberi yeimba iyo nzvimbo yezvigadzirwa zvemiti ikoko, uye zvino yashandise iyo yemusangano wemufananidzo. Mukuwedzera, zvivako zvetemberi zvakatorwa. Iri ndiro 114 kg yesirivha uye 58 madhaimondi. Mabhero pamusoro pembiru haana kubatwa, asi havana kumbomira kwenguva refu uye havana kufadza kunzwa kwevafundisi. Miti yakapoteredza chechi yakawedzerwa zvokuti ikava yakasingaoneki uye yakanyangarika kubva pakuona. Uye muna 1998 chete nzvimbo yacho yose yakadzoserwa zvakare kutemberi.

Zvishamiso zvakaitwa nenzvimbo tsvene

Kune tsika yemazuva edu iyo muna 1941, munguva yeHitler yakapinda, Stalin akaraira Stalin kuti adhanyire kuMoscow nemhepo, achitora chiratidzo chikuru chinoshamisa cheTikhvin Amai vaMwari. Vakaita izvi kuti varambe vakachengetedza mauto nevanhu. Zvinotyisa kuti kutyisa kweuto reSoviet kwakapedzisira kupera nekubudirira, uye guta reTikhvin rakasunungurwa kubva kuGermany, umo maimbogadzirwa mufananidzo akachengetwa. Zvichida iyi inongova nhoroondo chete, asi vanhu vanotenda vanotenda nemoyo wose, nokuti vanoziva zvimwe zvishamiso zvinoshamisa kubva kuTikhvin Icon yaamai vaMwari muAlekseevsky. Tembere iko zvino yakakurumbira uye ikava nzvimbo ye mweya yevatendi vazhinji.

Postwar Life

Temberi yeTikhvin Chiratidzo chaamai vaMwari muAlekseevsky akasimuka zvikuru kubva pamabvi ake. Mushure mokuguma kweHondo yePatritic Patriotic, kugadzirwa kwemukati kwakagadzirwa, uye ikozvino mumakore makumi manomwe nemakumi matatu ezana remakore rechi19 kudzorerwa kweimba tsvene yeimba yakaitwa. Zvadaro vakazarurirwa kumeso kwevazhinji vekunzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzakagadzirwa murusvingo rwemutauro wekuItaly anozivikanwa D. Scotti, avo vakanga vakavanda pasi pezvinyorwa zvakawanda zvezvinyorwa.

Muna 1945, Baba Vladimir Podobedov vakatora nzvimbo yebhabhoroti yeTimhvin tempile. Iyo inozivikanwa mumitambo yeOrthodox, Archpriest Solertovsky Alexander Vitalievich ndiye aiva abate muimba yevatemberi kubva muna 1953. Uye muna 1982, Archpriest Arkady Tyshchuk akasarudzwa kune iyi post inotarisirwa.

Yakaisvonaka tsika yeTikhvin tempile

Inofadza zvikuru uye inokosha kune vose vechechi yeOrthodox ndiyo tsika yakatanga muna 1962 muchechi iyi. Gore negore musi waMarch 30, Patriarch weMoscow uye All Russia Alexy II akashandira Liturgy. Yakanga yakatsaurirwa kumurangariro wemudzidzisi weMatateguru Alexy - Munhu waMwari, mukuremekedzwa kwaakakonzerwa panguva yemubhabhatidzo. Ichi chiitiko chakange chiri chezororo guru reparisi yose uye kune vatendi vose vakagadzirira chiitiko ichi zvisati zvaitika.

Mutungamiriri weMoscow uye All Russia Alexy aida kushanyira temberi yeTikh icon yeNzvimbo Tsvene-tsvene Theotokos, kuti iite basa. Zororo iri rinoitika musi waJuly 9th. Panguva ino, vatendi vazhinji vanouya vanopemberera zvikuru zuva rezororo.

Munguva yedu, itsva inodzorerwa kune vose vanoda temberi yakadzorerwa, iyo munhu wose anokwanisa kushanyira, uye mutendi upi zvake anogona kurangarira chiyeuchidzo chemufundisi mukuru Sergius weRadonezh. Panzvimbo yepamutemo yeimba tsvene unogona kuwana kero, nhare yerunhare, purogiramu yemabasa. Chechi yeThikvin Icon yaamai vaMwari yava nzvimbo yekufambira kune vatendi vasiri chiuru, uye ini ndinoda kutenda kuti iyi haisi iyo muganhu.