Vietnam: chitendero uye zvayo

Kana iwe uchitarisa kuVietnam pamapu ezvitendero, ipapo muziso rinokurumidza kuita zvinhu zvishoma. Kutanga, inyika umo pasina hurumende yehurumende yehurumende: Vietnam ine kushivirira kwezvitendero zvakasiyana. Chechipiri, masangano ezvitendero anomirirwa muVietnam nenzira yakawanda. Mukuwedzera kune zvitatu zvakakosha dzidziso dzekumaodzanyemba (Taoism, Buddhism uye Confucianism), munhu anogona kuwana pano tsika dzechiKristu uye dzeIslam. Kunewo dzidziso dzekunamata dzekuno - iyi Hoachao uye Kaodaism. Uye kunyange zvazvo vazhinji vevanhu vasiri vechikoro chekunamata, muVietnam kutenda kune madzitateguru nemweya yakasimba: munenge imba imwe neimwe unogona kuona aritari duku nemifananidzo yevakafa, zvipo nezvinonhuwira.

Mahayana Buddhism

Buddhism muVietnam inobata, zvichida, nzvimbo inotungamirira pakati pezvimwe zvitendero, nhamba yevateveri inenge inenge 15 kubva muzana yevanhu vanogara munyika. Inoparidzirwa kunyanya muchimiro cheMahayana uye yakazviratidza kuvonga kumamongi eIndia muzana remakore rechipiri BC. Munguva yekutonga kwaLi Li dangwe (XI yezana), Buddhism yaionekwa sechitendero chehurumende (ikozvino hakuna dhidziso yechitendero iri munyika). Hinayana Buddhism uye Zen Buddhism varipowo muVietnam.

Kunyange zvazvo vazhinji vemunharaunda yenyika vasingatendi Mwari, Buddhism yakakunda Vietnam, chitendero chakapararira pakati pezvikamu zvose zvehuwandu munguva yenhoroondo yenyika. IVietnam haisi kuzere nevahedheni veBuddhist neminyengetero yekunyengetera, asi kana zvichidiwa, unogona kuwana zvinhu zvinofadza zvikuru. Pedyo neguta rinozivikanwa rePhan Thiet, riri pedyo nekumaodzanyemba kwenyika, inzvimbo yakachena yeBuddhist - Mount Taku. Kusvikira munguva pfupi yapfuura, zvaive zvichikwira kukwira iyo chete netsoka, kusimudza kwakatora maawa maviri. Kunyange zvakadaro, zvakakosha: kunze kwekunyengetera kwemapuraneti, mahedheni akawanda uye nzvimbo yechokwadi, heino mifananidzo yakakura muVietnam - Buddha mune pose yekureva nhema. Kureba kwayo ndeyegumi nemana, uye kureba kwayo mamita makumi mana. Yakasikwa mumakore makumi matanhatu nemazana makumi maviri ezana remakumi maviri nemazana emakumi mashanu emipiro uye nemasimba emamonki. Izvo zvinogara zvichisvibiswa nemvura zvinokanganisa zvinokonzera chikumbaridzo, uye naizvozvo chinogadzirisa kudzokera kwayo nguva dzose.

Uye zvakadaro, Vietnam, ine chitendero chakanyanya ikozvino Buddhism, inyika isiri yechitendero munyaya dzekuchengetedza mabhuku.

Confucianism uye Taoism

Confucianism yakauya kuzana remakore rechiXV muVietnam: chitendero cheChina chakatsiviwa neBuddha, umo panguva iyoyo pakanga pane kupatsanurwa. Dzidziso iyi yakapararira kuchamhembe kwenyika, umo simba reChina rinowanikwa zvikuru.

Kukosha kweConfucianism yeVietnam kwakakosha: maererano nepfungwa iyi, nheyo dzehurongwa hwehurumende dzakaiswa uye sayenzi yenguva itsva yakatanga. Kusvikira muzana remakore rechi19, Confucianism yakabata mamiriro echitendero chehurumende, yakapararira pakati pevakuru.

Nezvekudzidzisa kweLao Tzu, hazvirevi kuti yakazviratidza zvizere sechitendero: Vietnam yakanzwisisa pfungwa itsva uye yakaiita maererano nezvitendero zveko, izvo zvinoreva kutenda kune madzitateguru nemweya.

ChiKristu muVietnam

Chimiro chechiKristu chinomirirwa muVietnam nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana, asi Katurike inokunda zvakafanana: inenge 7 muzana yevanhu vose maKaturike.

Simba kubva kuEurope yakatanga gare gare kupfuura kubva kumabvazuva, saka chete nezana remakore rechi16 mamishinari echiKristu akasvika kuVietnam. Nenzira, mumwe wavo, Alexander de Rod, anonzi ndiye muumbi wezvinyorwa zveVietnam, zvichibva pachiLatin alphabet, zvisati zvaitika, muVietnam, akashandiswa hieroglyphic kunyora seChina.

Pakati pehafu yezana remakore rechi17, vapristi veKaturike neBhaibheri rekutanga muVietnam vakaonekwa muVietnam. Nhasi, vazhinji veKaturike vari muruwa rwekuchamhembe kweNinh Binh uye kumaodzanyemba - Dongai.

Mapurotesitendi akaonekwa muVietnam ekutanga kwezana remakore rechi20 uye akapararira zvikuru pakati pevemadzinza maduku. VaKristu vanenge vasipo munyika, uye mapurisa anoshanya zvikuru nevashandi vokune dzimwe nyika.

Islam

VaMuslim muVietnam vakaparadzaniswa kuva mapoka maviri. Vokutanga ndivo vaMuslim veChampa (vanotenda kuti ndivo vatsigiri veIslam muVietnam). Iboka rechipiri guru revaMuslim ndivo avo vakagamuchira kutenda mushure mekuroora kana kuti vari mumiriri wehutano hwakasiyana pakati peVietnam neMuslim.

Munharaunda yepakati nekumaodzanyemba kweVietnam, kusvikira muzana remakore rechi16, umambo hweChampa hwakanga huripo. Pakutanga, vanhu vaCham vanozviti vaHindu, vobva vatendeukira kuIslam. Yakanga iri kuvonga iye kuti maIslam akapararira mukati meVietnam. Kusvika iye zvino, vanenge 80% yezvese zvasara dzinonzi profess Islam, kunyange zvazvo nhamba yavo isiri huru.

VaMuslim vemazuva ano muVietnam ndivo vashoma uye vari voga kubva kune avo vanonamata kune dzimwe nyika. Mune chikamu, vanogara munzvimbo dzakaoma-kusvika-kusvika kune zasi kweyo nyika, uko zvitendero zvakakurumbira zvakapararira.

The Religion of Kao Dai and Hoa Hao

Iyi machechi maviri ndeyekutanga kwe dzidziso dzefilosofi dzeEast uye tsika dzechiKristu nezvikamu zvekunamata. Zvakaonekwa chete nemakore makumi matatu ezana remakumi maviri nemazana makumi maviri ezana remakumi maviri nemazana ezana uye zvakawanda sezvikamu zvechikwata, zvichisangana mbiri mbiri, uye neVaKomonisiti. Kugovera nzvimbo, kufanana nezvitendero zvakawanda zveVietnam, iri kumaodzanyemba kwenyika. Ichangopfuura, hurumende yakatanga kubata Hoa Hao uye Kao Dai vakavimbika zvikuru, vachibvumira dzimwe tsika.

Ichitendero cheKa Dai chichizviisa pachechi yemafungiro eBuddhism, Confucianism, Taoism, Islam uye chiKristu, ndiko kuti, sechitendero chakakwana. Hoa Hao isiriwo chitendero che syncretic, asi inonyanya kufunga nezvechirevo cheBuddhist.

Chitendero chakapinda muVietnam kubva kumabvazuva uye kubva kumavirira. Kutendeseka uye kuzarura mafungiro evanhu vemunyika kune dzimwe nyika zvakakonzera kukurudzira kupararira kwezvitendero zvakasiyana-siyana uye kuwirirana.

Mepu yechitendero yeVietnam

Apo pachitarisa kuVietnam pamapu, munhu anogona kubata kubasa kwekupararira kwekupupura kwechitendero munyika yose: huwandu hwavo hwakawanda huri kumaodzanyemba kwenyika. Tamge inonyanya kusimba pakutenda mumweya yakasiyana-siyana uye mwari. Nechokumaodzanyemba kwenyika ndiyo nzvimbo iyo Vietnam yakangwara, chitendero cheWest, dzidziso dzeEast dzinosanganiswa. Zvinoshamisa.

Vietnam, chitendero-mazano, ayo apo akabatanidzwa anopa chikonzero chepakutanga. Machechi eEurope nemachechi anotarisa zvisingaoneki muAsia, semasikiti echiMuslim. Mukuwedzera, chitendero chero chipi zvacho muVietnam chinopa maitiro emunzvimbo yekutenda nekuyeuka kwevakafa. Uye pakupedzisa - vatendi veVietnam, mune zvakawanda zvavo, havanyatsoteereri mirairo, asi zviri nani kutevera nzira yapakati.