Tectonic mamiriro Caucasian. Tectonic mamiriro Caucasian makomo

Modern tectonic nemamiriro Caucasus yakaumbwa anenge mamiriyoni 25 apfuura panguva Tertiary nguva. Nhasi zvinonzi akapeta makomo, kuti nekuda yomunyika Geological pezvakaitwa nguva kusashanda anoputika. Ndivo chete zera sezvo Alps, uye akaumbwa gneiss uye girenayiti.

Vhuṱanzi

Tectonic Chimiro Caucasian chinhu rakakura deformation vematunhu, apo kamwe kwaiva kudhumhana muArabhia uye Eurasian mahwendefa. Makomo vari kuumbwa nokuda kufamba makondinendi. Gore negore muArabhia Plate, chakatsikirirwa Africa, kutamira kuchamhembe pedyo masendimita mashomanana.

Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, kuti nharaunda iri kazhinji pokudengenyeka kwepasi, nekuti icho Caucasus achitambura. Tectonic mamiriro anochinja zvishoma nezvishoma nokuda ukapisa murwi izvo kuitika, achiparadza kwezvivako kwevanhu pasi. Somuenzaniso, muna 1988 pakava chaizvo nenjodzi muArmenia, dzikavauraya vanhu 20,000, uye mumwe 500,000 vakafirwa mudzimba dzavo.

rora

Órgãos kuchamhembe bani zvokunamata aumba kubva Paleozoic vakadzvinyirirwa namatombo. Vari azadzwa mutsinga ose acidic magma uye vari pazvirugu hofori. Ivo rinoumbwa girenayiti, quartzite uye shale. Mumupata rwizi Alikonovki pedyo Kislovodsk unogona kuwana kupfuura kare pamatombo muhomba.

Tectonic maumbirwo Makomo eCaucasus vari kuunzwa pemvura tsvuku uye Pink granites, ane zera riri vanofungidzirwa makore mamiriyoni 220-230. In Mesozoic ichikosha vakaparadzwa, nekuti iyo dzinoumba goko layer ane ukobvu inenge 50 mamita. sezvamunoita Its zvinosanganisira feldspar, Goldstone uye Mika.

Pano unogona kuwana uye geodes - Geological idzodzo muchimiro namahwindo in muna sedimentary namatombo. Mukati rakachengetedzwa chicherwa fuma pane zvikonzero zvakafanana, ichibata akaturikidzana. Pakazoti yomukati pose in akadaro ingangoumbwa pamusoro crystals, itsvo-svuura, incrustations nezvimwe zvicherwa aggregates. The Caucasian geodes dzimwe nguva kuwana isingawanzowanikwi zvinhu Celestine - chicherwa segirazi yebhuruu Hue.

sediments

Asi kumaodzanyemba mawere unogona kuwana sedimentary matombo kuumbwa panguva kuvapo Jurassic uye Cretaceous reservoirs. Kare, paiva gungwa, uye ikozvino akaramba reraimu mashava yellow, dolomite uye ferruginous sandstones tsvuku Hue.

Mamiriro Caucasian makomo uyewo unotora deposition yamabwe siyana, dzakadai travertine, akazviratidza pashure kwemvura ine zvicherwa mvura. In matombo aya unogona kuona akasiyana kungoda mashizha uye mapazi kuti aivapo mamiriyoni emakore akapfuura.

mamiriro

Tectonic nemamiriro Caucasus gomo siyana rinokamukana negadziriro kupinda maviri muhomba. Mumwe wavo anonzi Guru, uye mumwe - kuti vashoma. Pakati pavo nhema kumapani.

The eCaucasus Greater inonziwo iri North Caucasus (kunyanya kazhinji izwi iri rinoshandiswa Russia kureva dzemo chinoda ye Federation). Kumaodzanyemba iri kugovera muhomba. Uyezve pasi pane nharaunda inonzi eCaucasus. Kwaari kazhinji zvinosanganisira nharaunda kunyika nhatu: Georgia, Armenia neAzerbaijan.

Vanodzidza anosimbisawo zviviri zvinokosha nharaunda: asi muSitiya pachikuva uye intermountain nzvimbo.

eCaucasus Greater

ECaucasus Greater Anotambanudza nokuda 1100? Km kubva kuchamhembe-kumadokero kusvika zasi-kumabvazuva. nemiganhu yayo chaivo ndivo Black uye reCaspian makungwa. Inenge yokunyanyisa pfungwa anganzi Anapa muna Krasnodar nharaunda uye gomo Ilhydag pedyo Azerbaijan Baku.

Izvi gomo gadziriro rakakamurwa akawanda nhengo. Kupatsanura Range (kana Mukuru Caucasus) ane mumhu 3 kusvika 5 zviuru mamita. Heano panhongonya dzawo muEurope. Tectonic mamiriro akaumba Caucasian kutobaya nharaunda.

Mining kuvaka hondo kuchibva crystalline yepasi rekare zera - ichi chikuru muhomba. Paro akapoteredzwa muduku butiro, zvinosanganisira itsva rudzi. Vanoumba chii zvesayenzi unonzi "mapapiro kusimudza." Vanosvika vaviri - kuchamhembe uye kumaodzanyemba.

Wokutanga rinoumbwa deposits dziri wrinkles. Ivo wakapwanya matombo Mesozoic uye Cenozoic zera. Young bapiro achiumbwa guru deposits inova mhosva huru Geological atinosangana mudunhu. The Chimiro zvokuti matombo Vanopwanyirwa kupinda zvakaoma uye vakawanda pazvirugu. Vhara uye kumusumudza navo akaputsa kupinda akawanda zvidimbu. Mapapiro kupa masayendisiti ruzivo kubva izvo zvinoreva kuti huru guru pamakomo akatevedzana vari kutamira kumaodzanyemba. sediments Older vari kuchizvivanza muduku uye inonyangarika pasi pemvura Azov, Black uye reCaspian makungwa.

Munguva Paleozoic auya nechokuchamhembe chikamu Caucasus akanga sabhabha, apo anobata kondinendi uye gungwa Paleotethys. Pakutanga zvakanga yakanyarara nzvimbo isina kuputika kana Geological basa mhando uko zvino Atlantic. Zvisinei, nokufamba kwenguva zvinhu akachinja, dzomunyika pezvakaitwa vakazviitira akanzwa.

Zvikanganiso Caucasus

chinokosha muhomba zvakafanana dunhu rechipiri. Pano inoguma kuCaucasus. Tectonic nemamiriro nharaunda ine anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri, kuputika makomo nenzvimbo dzakakwirira. Mumwe musiyano kubva Caucasus Greater ndiye kushaya rimwe siyana. Mukupesana, pane anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri duku zhinji piringisha, ndokusaka yakawanda mumipata. Hapana chinokosha mazitombo echando kana mi- kumakomo. Chikonzero iri chokwadi kuti nharaunda iyi tectonically muduku chaizvo. High nenhongonya haasati kuumbwa.

Pano vari asangana chinjwa zvikamu Alpine-eHimalaya bhandi, ndokusaka Muduku Caucasus ane zvikuru kunzwisisa Geological chivako sezvo anodzivisa "mukoma guru". Rinotanga kumaodzanyemba mumwe ndiro. Kana North Caucasus ane anenge asina kuputika arcs kana sagging, pano hurongwa hwavo zvikuru zvikuru.

Nhoroondo Geological pamusoro nharaunda

The Geological nhoroondo Muduku Caucasus kunobvira kutsanangura zvakawanda zvinhu dzinoenderana zvose kwemasayendisiti kuitika pano pamusoro mamiriyoni emakore.

Kwekutanga nzvimbo ino ndikaisa tectonic suture uye guru munyanza pamusoro Tethys. The vemo kuputika basa iri pakadzika pemvura ndiyo simba Panyika ari Mesozoic yaitonga. Ocean akanga akapoteredzwa microcontinents akawanda. Nokufamba kwenguva, ivo zvachose vakakomba dziva, unogovera kuva akawanda zvidimbu. Pakupera kwemakore mamiriyoni 85 akapfuura kwakaumba kondinendi chete kuti ane nguva zhinji zvaiswa pasi tectonic kuchinja.

Gondwana iyo zvaifamba kubva kuchamhembe,, aiva chikonzero kuti yakakura yomugungwa nzvimbo shrunk muduku kukura. Uyewo akanyangarika pemvura anoputika uye vaimbova miganhu vakasiyana makondinendi.

muSitiya kuchikuva

Chinokosha kuti muhomba chinhu muduku muSitiya papuratifomu. Inoitwa pamapuriro maviri. Lower - nheyo, vakaisawo kubva Paleozoic matombo mavambo (zera, makore mamiriyoni 230-430). The pamusoro uriri inonzi nejasi. Ndiye muduku uye rine matombo Mesozoic uye Cenozoic nguva (makore mamiriyoni 65-250). Izvi sediments zvomumvura ivhu uye carbonate. Pakati chikamu Pre-Caucasus, izvo rinoenderana Stavropol Territory, nheyo uchisimudzwa uye zvakare kumabvazuva nokumavirira anotanga kunyura.

MuSitiya kuchikuva pamusoro wokumaodzanyemba kwayo miganhu rinoguma deflections akawanda - Kuban, Terek, Kusari-Divichenskim. Pano mamiriyoni 40 apfuura, ndiyo kuparadzwa matombo, nokuti iyo yakaumbwa strata molasse deposits. Munzvimbo idzi, kunyanya chakanaka kuCaucasus. Photos of yeko chicherwa matsime mumipata vari befu. Zviri idzi mbiri Lermontov, riri yakakurumbira bhuku.

Feature chinowanikwazve uye Zvinoumba mabwe pamwe chete nemamiriro goko anoratidza kuti nzvimbo iyi inoshandiswa kumirira gungwa. Zvino anenge mamiriyoni 230 apfuura. Continental chikwata akamutswa uye akafukidza shoma. Chivako ichi rakabhuroka mushure kwaita kuCaucasus Greater. Ipapo vakasimuka delamination, yakabuda pamusoro nzvimbo yakakura midziyo kuti pano matombo. Izvi mberi nhasi, zvinogona kutsanangura kakawanda njodzi.

INTERMONTANE kuko

Riri kumaodzanyemba Caucasus Greater. Munguva apo chete akaumba Alps (anenge mamiriyoni 200 apfuura), paiva amutsa chinhu pasi goko. Raiva carbonate pakakwirira kwakafanana kondinendi diki. Zvisinei, pamwe pakutanga paumbwe makomo (makore mamiriyoni 30 apfuura), nzvimbo iyi kutanga sag uye pasi. Gungwa, iyo yave iri nechepakati mamiriro zvishoma nezvishoma Zvaparara kupinda Sea Dema uye kweGungwa reCaspian.

Ava vaviri dyidzana nhengo. Dzinonakidza tectonic maumbirwo yavo. ECaucasus (Table rinokosha ruzivo anomiririrwa pazasi) unogona kukamurwa muzvikamu zvitatu. Izvi Azerbaijani uye Georgian nechigumbuso uye Dzirula crystalline massif runodziganhura.

History kudzidza uye zvinhu

Nokuda seti yomunyika maitiro mamiriro Caucasian akabvumira kuoneka pano zvakasiyana zviwanikwa. Vanhu vaigara munzvimbo idzodzo munguva dzekare, vakadzidza kubereka uye dzinoona navo. achiri Unogona kuwana zvisaririra yakawanda yebasa evanhu ari kukanganwa zvimbambaira dzendarama, sirivha, kutungamirira, mhangura, mafuta, marasha, uye zvichingodaro. D.

Local chitoro mumwe subsoil anenge 200 milliardov emiti yemafuta negasi. Izvi reserves huru, iyo inogara kwenguva emakore.

Kufarira sechivako venyika ino yagara aripo - vanhu vanoda kunzwisisa pane zvinhu. Yokutanga kuedza kudzidza zvemaumbirwo pakati Caucasus ndezvaJehovha XVIII remakore, kana nzendo dzesayenzi vakatumwa pano, anosarudza Lomonosov.

Muzana XIX remakore pano takanga kusiya kuti kuongorora Musin-Pushkin, Dubois of Monpere. Zvisinei, baba chaiye adzidze zvemaumbirwo of Caucasus runoonekwa kuva nyanzvi yokuGermany Hermann Abikh. Akatora Russian citizenship uye vaiwanzofamba rwezasi munyika 60-ies yacho XIX remakore. Nyaya yokudzidza zvakanga tectonic mamiriro Caucasian makomo. Nokuti ake Zvakawanikwa vakawanda akatanga honorary nhengo St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences.