Tang imba kare, ushe nguva, tsika

Chinese Tang hwedzinza rakavakwa Li Yuan. It kubvira June 18 618 June 4907, ari Tang youmambo yaitonga nguva ichaongororwa chepamusorosoro nesimba mamiriro. Panguva iyi zviri zvinooneka mberi kwayo kukura mamwe mazhinji nyika yake.

History of Tang dzinza roumambo

Li Yuan kwainzi rakakura muridzi womunda. Aiva aibva kuchamhembe muganhu nharaunda, inova musha rudzi Tabgach. Ndivo vazukuru inowanzorimwa-Toba. Li Yuan uye mwanakomana wake Li Shimin (mambo pamusoro Tang youmambo wechipiri) vakakunda mune yehondo. Rakanga chakakonzerwa somugumisiro richizvitenda Yang von mitemo. Pakafa mambo, Li Yuan akakwira muna 618 kusvika choushe Chang'an. Papera nguva akanga kumubvisa pachigaro mwanakomana wake. Zvisinei, Tang imba, yakavambwa naye, pakanga kusvika 907, mumakore 690-705. It, rakanga Zvisinei, zvishoma. Panguva iyi, choushe rakatora Chinese Empress Zetian ari Tang hwedzinza. Zvisinei, ayo ichikosha ari dzinounzwa kuti yoga bazi youmambo Zhou.

dzidziso

Tang hwedzinza inopiwa mubatanidzwa dzemitemo maviri. Its muvambi akanga zvakanaka Kunyatsoziva vanhu Great inowanzorimwa, tsika dzavo uye tsika. Vanhu vazhinji pedyo Li Yuan, zvakadai. Mukutanga nzendo youmambo akatora nemagariro mukutsinhana achishingaira pakati kumatunhu. Inowanzorimwa akapa yemhando hondo rinorema emauto. MuArabhu uyewo akakwezva chekare uye rakanatswa tsika Tang dzinza. Kwavari, Li Yuan akanga akaenzana rudzi rwavo Khan Tabgach. maonero ichi, zvikurukuru, wakaiswa pakati epitaph pamusoro Kul-Tegin (tyurkyutskomu mutongi), uyo anoti vake sevaranda, vatongi vari pasi Tabgach Kagan, kwete Chinese vanhu vaanotonga.

A kubva tsika

Pfungwa kubatanidza mashoko inowanzorimwa uye China pasi poutongi mambo mumwe kwemazana emakore nekutsanangura zvinoreva kwokunze uye munyika mutemo munyika. Zvisinei, gare gare tabagchskaya bazi rakatanga kuonekwa sechinhu mutorwa. Izvi zvakanga ainyanya nokuda huru kusanganiswa predominance dzemadzinza Chinese. Mutemo wehurumende kune kochevnikam- "vaGiriki" akanga achiteerera sechisingadiwi. Sezvo Gumilev akanyora, ndiko inopindirana chido chokubatanidza incongruous kwakatungamirira kufambira maruva, uye ipapo akurumidze kuwa kwehurumende.

Economy uye Culture

In mamiriro kurongeka uye norunyararo. Zvinokwanisika pfungwa zvose hondo yevagari kubatsira nyika. In China, rimwe pavapenyu zvokurima, vave zvakanaka kunyatsobudirira wezvokutengeserana uye ndege. Weaving Michina mberi itsva, kuvandudza värjäys, kuumba, shipbuilding, simbi. Dzakaitwa munyika yose munyika uye waterways. Tang hwedzinza akagadza pedyo nomukadzi Japan, India, Persia, Arabia, Korea uye dzimwe nyika. Takatanga kuumba unyanzvi uye nesayenzi. Pana 725, tenzi Liang Lingzan uye Chivi Uye kokutanga akasika zvokuimba yokurinda, akashongedzerwa pamwe Mbambo mashandiro. Zvakatanga kuparadzira gunpowder zvombo. Chokutanga, hazvina zano kuti mafayawekisi "ichibhururuka moto" zvombo ari rengarava. Naizvozvo simbi akaita kanoni chaiko chakatorwa kuti vachiridzira projectiles. Pakanyenga kuna China tii. Kuinwa makaumba ukama hunokosha. The nyika yakatanga kuva unyanzvi tii. Kare, tii kwainzi mushonga uye zvokudya. The Tang hwedzinza akapa chokunwa rinokosha kukosha. In venguva mabhuku akanga immortalized mazita vatenzi guru they mhemberero - Lu Yu uye Lu Tung.

donha

Muzana rechi8 remakore rakanga bongozozo anoverengeka akatora nzvimbo, uye uto kukundwa. Tang hwedzinza akatanga kuneta. Pakazosvika 40 fung makore. Khorasan maArab midzi muna Sogdiana uye Ferghana Valley. Muna 751 akapfuura Talas pakurwa. Panguva yake mari mauto mauto China vakasiya dzeminda. Mutungamiri Syanchzhi Gao akamanikidzwa shure. Nokukurumidza pashure kumukirawo vakatanga An Lushan. Mumakore 756-761. izvozvo vakaparadza zvose akasika Tang youmambo kwemakore. An Lushan akaumba yavo mamiriro Yan. Waivapo kuti 763 kusvika 756 makore. uye vakatora guru Luoyang uye Chang'an, ndokuwarira kuti nzvimbo huru. The Yan Emperor aiva mana. kudzvinyirira of yemuna kwakaitika zvakaoma zvakakwana, pasinei vatsigire Uighurs. The Tang imba yakanga saka simba kuti vakazoroorwa kukwanisa kusvika yaimbova ukuru. Iye akatadza kudzora nharaunda yose Central Asia. Munharaunda iyi, simba imba youmambo kwabviswa kusvikira kubatanidzwa nyika zviviri eMongolia.

dzematunhu vabati

Tang Hurumende akavimba pavo uye dzavo Mauto kudzvinyirira zvombo kurwisa nyaya mumunda. Power, uyewo, vakaona kodzero kuchengeta uto ravo, kuti vaite kuunganidzwa kwemitero, uye zvakaitika dzavo mazita nhaka. Zvisinei, matambudziko dzematunhu magavhuna zvishoma nezvishoma akatanga kukura. Nokufamba kwenguva, vakatanga kukwikwidzana chehurumende. Hurumende Prestige akatanga rwonzi rwokuyera enyika. Somugumisiro, vakawanda rwizi Pirates uye thugs vakanga zvabatanidzwa mumapoka akawanda. Vakarwisa vasingarangwi namagariro vakanga riri pamahombekombe of the yangtze.

mafashamo

Zvino 858 Mafashamo paGrand Canal yakauraya makumi ezviuru zvevanhu. Somugumisiro, kutenda muna vakasarudzwa vanhu vaMwari chigaro vakwegura vanhu kuzununguswa. It akatanga kuparadzira pfungwa yokuti hurumende nechepakati akaita chakatsamwisa matenga uye akarasikirwa kodzero yake choumambo. Muna 873, nyika yakanga aiparadza kusakura. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, vanhu zvakaoma akakwanisa kuunganidza mazuva hafu volume. Vava kuda kufa, makumi ezviuru vari kuziya. In chokutanga nguva rokutonga Tang youmambo aigona kudzivisa migumisiro yakaipa kusakura nokuda zvinokosha accumulations zvezviyo. Pakazosvika zana remakore rechi9 simba akanga asingagoni kuponesa vanhu vake.

Nechimwezve chinhu

The Kuderera of Tang youmambo akanga nokuda kutonga roruvanze wavaranda. Of pavo akaumba munhu Advisory muviri. Pakazosvika zana remakore rechi9, ngomwa vane simba rakakwana kufurira zvisarudzo enyika, kuti vawane upfumi. Anofungidzirwa, vaigona kunyange kuuraya madzimambo. Mumakore 783-784. kwebope Zhu Qi. Mushure akarayira wavaranda vakanga Shentse mauto. Pamusoro pavo vakatanga kushingaira vanotsigira Wen-Tsung pashure kupondwa mukuru mukoma wake muna 817. Zvisinei, basa rake haana kubudirira.

kuverengwa kwevanhu

Machinda Tang youmambo agara akatsvaka kuziva chaizvoizvo kuwanda vaanotonga. Zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti mufambiro kweuto uye mutero ndizvidavirire. nyore muunganidzwa jira nezviyo kumhuri imwe neimwe hwakagadzwa makore rokutonga mangwanani. Maererano Verenga 609, paiva nemhuri mamiriyoni 9 (vanhu mamiriyoni 50.) Munyika. Nguva inotevera kutendeuka kwakaitika muna 742 Maererano zvakaona, kunyange kana vamwe vanhu havana kubatanidzwa vaverengwe, nyika yaigarwa nevanhu kupfuura Han Empire. Aaisitaura kechipiri vanhu mamiriyoni 58 vari 754, umambo hwaiva mumaguta 1859, 1538 mumaruwa, 321 Prefecture vakanyorwa. Unorema vemo - 80-90% - aigara kumaruwa. Paiva yokutama kwevanhu kubva kuchamhembe kusvikira kumaodzanyemba. Izvi runoratidzwa nhamba. In kuchamhembe mumakore imba youmambo mangwanani akararama 75%, uye makore okupedzisira chete 50%. Vagari haana kukura zvikuru kusvikira pakutanga Song. Kubva iyi kumaodzanyemba uye nechepakati China kuti zvinoshingaira kutanga kukura kugadzirwa mupunga. Kana processing minda vakatanga kushandisa yemhando kudiridza enyika. Nokuda nokukurumidza zvoupfumi vanogara chehurumende kuchawedzera kanenge kaviri.

Pamakore okupedzisira rokutonga

Sezvakataurwa apa, pakupedzisira Danho hwedzinza ikawanda kwazvo matambudziko amachinda nemagavhuna. Vakatanga kuita sokuti ari oga, yakazvimirira vatongi. In kwokubatsira Imperial dare kwakanga kwakapararira uori. The nechepakati chaizvo simba rakanga rakanyanya sagona kuti vabvise nayo. Uyewo, inokanganisa worudzii dynastic nemigumisiro okunze. Munyika kwemvura rakatanga, izvo zvakazoita kuti wokutanga kusakura, uye ipapo parufu. izvi zvose zvakaita kuti mhirizhonga kuti akatendeuka pakupedzisira kupinda pamwero mukuru chimurenga. Pakupedzisira, ekutonga Tang youmambo yakanga kwedzimwe racho rinotungamirirwa Huang Chao, uye ipapo vateveri vake. Mukati mutongo kirasi akatanga kuumba mapoka akasiyana, kupinda vagare vachinetsana mumwe. Vapanduki vakabatwa, uye ipapo yakapamba miviri misoro ehurumende - Luoyang uye Chang'an. Kuti vanomisa kupandukira chehurumende zvakatora makore anopfuura 10. Pasinei nokuti mhirizhonga akanga akamiswa pasi Tang youmambo vasisa kutungamirira hurumende iri kare nokubudirira mamiriro. Chzhu Ven, uyo aiva musoro rokupedzisira murimi mudiki vapanduki pavaiita nevapanduki munyika. Iye akabviswa muna 907, mambo wokupedzisira Li Zhu. Chzhu Ven, uyo aimbotaurawo ya rokupedzisira kwokumukira, akapa Huang Chao. First akaenda kurutivi Tang dzinza. Naizvozvo, zvisinei, pedyo dare, yaakaparadza mambo wokupedzisira. Akasika imba itsva uye akatora zita Tai Chi temberi. kubvuta masimba ake kwakaratidza kutanga nguva itsva munhoroondo yacho. Kubva 907 kusvika 960 makore. paiva Nguva Kingdoms Gumi uye Shanu Dynasties.

mhedziso

Tang hwedzinza yakatora refu zvakakwana. ushe Its Zvisinei, akabudirira chete wokutanga chikamu pamberi penguva 690-705 makore. The Hurumende yose nyika haana kuverenga zvakakwana. Madzimambo, kunze wokutanga, akapa simba yakawandisa kuti nyaya. Izvi zvakaita kuti hwakanyatsorwisa kukurumidza kutadza pamusoro pavanhu uye hurumende yose.