High-nokukurumidza nezvitima. Nokumhanya mukuru-nokukurumidza chitima

The njanji yave iripo kwemazana emakore. Panguva iyi chitima apfuura shanduka nzira huru kubva hombe trolleys akamunzwira ruoko noruoko akadzinga vakakwira superhighways michina kushanda panheyo rinobva levitation. Today Railway Express vari munyika dzinenge dzose. Ngationei, chii uchitsanya chitima kuRussia uye pasi rose. Heino Rating akataura izvo zvinogona kusvika aimhanya pamusoro 300 makiromita paawa!

Belgium

In regumi nzvimbo - zveBelgium TGV kwokubatana dzinoti (Train à Grande Vitesse). nezvitima izvi yakagadzirwa mukutanga 1987 uye aitofanira kuenda kubva Amsterdam kuParis, achipfuura Cologne uye kweBrussels. Express nezvitima vave kupinzwa kushanda muna 1997.

Modern HSL 1 anomhanya pakakwirira-nokukurumidza mutsetse, iro rinobatanidza guru Belgium, yakazova French. Nzira kubva Paris kusvikira kweBrussels (300 km) chitima anomhanya mumaminitsi 82 chete. Ake avhareji nokukurumidza pedyo 300 makiromita paawa. Sezvineiwo, nzira iyi haisi kokupata chokufambisa. High-nokukurumidza nechitima tikiti kunodyira 88 euros (nguva isingadhuri pane nendege maviri). Zvisinei, mabasa anokwezva dhisikaundi hurongwa.

Taiwan

Gumi uchitsanya nezvitima zvenyika anomuzarurira Taiwan locomotive THSR 700T. Long, aishingaira uye zvakakwana. "Shinkansen" prototypes uye mienzaniso kusika waiva chitima Japanese. Kunonyanyisa uchishandisa havukavu ndiye Taiwan Express makiromita 300 paawa. Zvisinei, muna 2005, kusvika chiratidzo 315 makiromita. Izvo akabvumira THSR 700T kupinda pamusoro gumi uchitsanya.

Locomotive anomhanyira kubva North kusvikira rwezasi Taipei, Kaohsiung. Gumi motokari rokunyaradza paminiti rwendo anogona kuchovha kusvika 989 vanhu. The chitima ndiyo akakurumbira kwete chete nokuda kwayo kumhanya asiwo vakachengeteka uye kururama.

Germany

nzvimbo repfumbamwe ari chepamusoro vari chepamusoro reGermany mukuru-nokukurumidza anorovedza InterCity Express (Ice). Kumhanya akadai muenzaniso njanji Strasbourg Paris inosvika 320 makiromita paawa. Nhasi achitaura chando - Ndivo huru German chitima madaro marefu. Ivowo vangauya panzvimbo chinotevera European Union, uye Russia (somuenzaniso, mukuru-nokukurumidza kudzidzisa Moscow - St. Petersburg).

MuGermany, takatanga kuva mukuru-nokukurumidza wokuenzanisira muna 1985, apo nyika yakakamurwa muzvikamu zviviri. Uye pazuva rokutanga chitima njanji akamuka muna 1991, pashure kwemapazi. Kwokunyepedzera Ice-V muhurukuro bvunzo muoti, kukurumidza 407 makiromita paawa. Zvisinei, mukushanda, haana kubudiswa.

Muna 1984 boka rakatanga kukura Transrapid muedzo kuchiteshi mutsetse pakati pamaguta Laten uye Derpy achishanda kwegadziriro "maglev". On ichi bazi chitima Ichatakura kumhanya kusvika 420? Km. Asi nokuda kwedambudziko kwakaitika kuti vakaurayiwa vanhu 23 rwokuyera September 2006, kushanda ari "Maglev" akanga vambomira nokusingagumi. Nhasi, ichi njanji locomotives kuenda chete sezvo nzvimbo dzinoyevedza Tours uye zvinokwezva.

England

On nzvimbo wechisere ranking - muUK mukuru-nokukurumidza nezvitima. Top Vamiririri - a British Rail Kirasi 373 uye Eurostar. Dzichimhanya yemakomo kubva 300 kusvika 335 makiromita. Izvi yemagetsi dzakatevedzana TGV (muenzaniso French) vakaiswa kushanda muna 1994 uye kumhanya pakati penyika nhatu: muUK, France uye Belgium. nzira dzavo kuburikidza yakakurumbira njanji mugero pasi Chirungu Channel. Sezvineiwo, mugero wacho - wechipiri rakareba kupfuura munyika.

Kana iwe dzokera kune mwero, ipapo unofanira kutaura pamusoro wasiyiwa Eurostar locomotive muna 2003 - 334,7 makiromita paawa. All nzira kubva kuParis kuLondon muna chitima ichi zvinotora maminitsi 136.

London vanodzidzisa zvikuru capacious munyika. Vanogona kukwira 900. vanhu. Uyezve, mukuru-nokukurumidza mutakurwi chitima Eurostar anonzi rimwe wakarebesa locomotives - wasvika 394 metres urefu uye ane motokari 20 ari muchitima.

South Korea

nzvimbo wechinomwe muna chepamusoro chitima Korean KTX Sancheon. Its kumhanya - kubva 305 kusvika 352 makiromita. Lokomotiv akatanga ake nzira yokutanga muna 2009. The yokuvaka - nyika yakakurumbira kambani Hyundai Rotem, inova hwaro pakusikwa locomotive akatora French TGV kwemichina.

Electric muridzi National njanji South Korea. Uye pasinei wasiyiwa muna 2004 (352 km / h), aiva kumhanya kunenge kumbobvira akapfuudza chiratidzo 305 makiromita. Izvi zvose zvinoitwa nokuda vakachengeteka zvikonzero, Chokwadi. KTX Sancheon - capacious (kusvika 363 vatakurwi), vakasununguka uye ano muenzaniso anomhanya pamusoro Seoul - kuPusan uye Yongsan - Mokpo (mu Kwangju).

Italy

Panzvimbo rechitanhatu - rokuItari Express ETR-500. zita rake azere - Elettro Trem Rapido 500. The chitima akasunungurwa muRoma muna 1993. Paavhareji uchishandisa nokukurumidza Express ndiye 300km / h. Asi chinyorwa chake 362 kiromita locomotive kununurwa 2009, achityaira kuburikidza mugero unobatanidza Bologna kuna Florence.

Time umo ETR-500 chinokunda nzira yako (Bologna - Milano), idukusa paawa. Sezvineiwo, gore rino yaizotongwa kusunungurwa muItaly chizvarwa chitsva nhanhatu chete ETR-100 locomotives. Michina iyi achagona kunhonga nokukurumidza pakati 350 uye 400 km / h.

Spain

Shanu uchitsanya vhura Spanish mukuru-nokukurumidza nezvitima kugadzirwa kunoitwa kutengesa kambani Alta Velocidad Española, kana rakapfupikiswa AVE. chidimbu ichi hachisi netsaona. In Spanish, "kuti ave" rinoreva "shiri." The yakakurumbira muenzaniso wekambani - iri hwomutambarakede achitaura chitima AVE Talgo-350. Chaizvoizvo rinobhururukira seshiri, richisvika aimhanya 330 km / h.

AVE Talgo-350 - mukuru-nokukurumidza chitima uye vakasununguka kuti vanhu vanosvika 318. Iye anofambisa pakati Madrid, Valladolid uye Barcelona. Muna 2004, panguva nemiedzo, asi locomotive vakakwanisa overclock kusvika kunonyanyisa nokukurumidza - 365 km / h. Nenzira, inonzi "Dhadha". chitima Izvi remadunhurirwa nokuti kureba kwayo pamberi, chakafanana Dhadha wetsodzo sokuti zvakasimba.

China

Uye wechina, uye wechitatu nzvimbo dziri rakatorwa Chinese mukuru-nokukurumidza locomotives.

On rechina - "vakachena Chinese» CRH380A. mugadziri waro - chikuru National boka kuti kugadzirwa njanji car - CSR Qingdao Sifang locomotive uye Rolling Stock Company. Locomotive ukurumidze kusvika 380 makiromita paawa. Pazuva bvunzo akaisa zvaakanyora - 486 makiromita. CRH380A - hwomutambarakede uye yakakura mukuru-nokukurumidza chitima Beijing - Shanghai, Shanghai - Hangzhou uye Guangzhou - Wuhan. Vols dzavo daily, akatanga kuita pamwe September 2010.

nzvimbo Third - nokuti Chinese Shanghai Maglev Train. It anokwanisa kuva nokumhanya 431 kusvika 501 makiromita paawa. The chitima anoshanda panheyo rinobva kuturika "maglev", izvo haana kuisa pachake vokuGermany. Sezvineiwo, Shanghai Maglev yakatanga haana Chinese, asi chete eGermany. kumumvuri ake aiva locomotive Transrapid SMT German. Chinese mukuru-nokukurumidza chitima paakatumwa muna 2004 muguta Shanghai. The kunonyanyisa nokukurumidza panguva iyo anomhanya ose zuva pamwe nzira yayo Shanghai - Airport haadi pfuura 431 km / h. Zvisinei, unogona uye zvakawanda. At miedzo locomotive vakapararira kune 501 makiromita paawa!

France

Wechipiri munyika nokukurumidza - ndiye French TGV chitima dzakatevedzana. Vanofamba pamusoro nzira dzokutengeserana kubva France kuSwitzerland uye Germany. Paavhareji nokukurumidza mienzaniso - the 320 km / h. Nhoroondo chakagadzwa 2007 uye vakasvika 574,8 km / h.

French mukuru-nokukurumidza nechitima hurongwa uye Train Grande Vitesse - kumwe rakakurumbira uye uchitsanya munyika. Ivo kakawanda vakarova nyika nokukurumidza zvinyorwa. Pokumuka mienzaniso yakadaro yakatanga muFrance mune Kuma1960. Rakanga mhinduro pakusikwa ake "Sinkansenov" Japanese. Nhasi, France Anozvirumbidza guru refu-nokukurumidza mitsetse (pamusoro 1,700 kilometers) uye 4,000 locomotives zvirimwa zvinomwe.

Nyika kumabvazuva

Saka, tinosvika uchitsanya chitima munyika. Uye dzino Japanese "Shinkansen» (Shinkansen). Nokumhanya mukuru-nokukurumidza nezvitima - 581 km / h. Unokanganisa zvose nyika zvinyorwa zvevakomana. Japan akava nyika yokutanga kubva yayo njanji gadziriro govera imwevo mutsetse kuti mukuru-nokukurumidza pakutengeserana. Chikamu mutyairi uyu wokutanga akaita ndege yake muna 1964. Rakanga yakarongwa kuti iitike uwirirane Olympic Games muTokyo. Route: Tokyo - Osaka.

The locomotive wokutanga, "Shinkansen" akanga aita muchimiro mabara, saka zvakakodzera zita. Kunyange nhasi, Japan chitima panzira sezvechinyakare anonzi "mabara". Ndizvo chiratidzo dzavo dzakakwirira-nokukurumidza chinhu. Taura Chokwadi ngadzibhururuke nokumhanya kunoita bara. Normal nokukurumidza "Shinkansen" - 443 km / h. Uye Mhedziso nyika zvinyorwa, iyo hunogadzwa 2003, kusvika chiratidzo 581? Km.

Modern "Shinkansen" - hwomutambarakede mukuru-nokukurumidza achitaura chitima, ine aro Zvinoumba motokari gumi simba uye kutsigira. Japanese injini ndiye uchitsanya munyika, asi vo zvikuru kwete chete. kushanda ari chitima pefiyumu ichi kwemakore mana namashanu kumbobvira vakapinda tsaona huru! No vakafa, hapana kukuvara - kwakakwana kuchengeteka.

Sezvineiwo, zviri Tokyo njanji pomumbure ndiyo Neine Basa Chaizvo munyika. Panguva ivepo, "Shinkansen" nezvitima vakatakura anopfuura mabhiriyoni matanhatu vatakurwi! Hapana mumwe mutsetse haagoni vanozvirova nhamba dzakadaro.

The uchitsanya, kupfuura mimwe, asi ndiyewo yakarurama munyika. Nokudaro, kure Osaka kuTokyo locomotive rinobhururukira kwemaminitsi 145. Uye muna 2003, kupedza 160 Vols izvi, "Shinkansen" vakatsauka kubva purogiramu mumasekonzi matanhatu chete ...

Russia

nyika yedu, Chokwadi, haagoni kuzvirumbidza anoshamisa nhamba dzakadaro, uye 300 km / h locomotives Russian havasi kuwana. Zvisinei, tinogona iniwo mukuru-nokukurumidza pakutengeserana.

Vasati 2009, nenzira Moscow - St. Petersburg vakatevera chitima ER200. Kasira Its sezvo yatova zvinogoneka kunzwisisa kubva zita, riri 200 km / h. Uye panguva bvunzo locomotive vakakwanisa overclock kusvika 210 makiromita. Muna 2009, ndiko chishamiso zvigadzirwa zvakanyorwa kure, uye iye chikatsiviwa mukuru-nokukurumidza chitima "Sapsan". zita iri locomotive ainzi mushure Rukodzi runonzi norukodzi, izvo vaiona uchitsanya shiri munyika. The chitima chakagadzirirwa uye vakaungana muGermany. Yepamusoro inogona kuva nokumhanya 300 km / h. The mugadziri (Siemens) akasimbisa vaifanira kugadzira kumhanya 350 makiromita paawa. Panguva bvunzo Anomhanyira redu njanji locomotive vakapararira kune 290 km / h. Train "Sapsan" chinofamba nenzira Moscow - St. Petersburg. kure iyi kunosvika maawa anopfuura mana, avhareji kumhanya ari 166 km / h. Hatichamuzivi uparadzire zvokuzvidzivirira. Nenzira, aiva kubva kuMoscow Nizhny Novgorod, kazhinji chinoita ari kumhanya 160 makiromita paawa ...

MuRussia, panzvimbo yechipiri mushure "Rukodzi runonzi Falcon" unomira chitima "kumedza". Zvakanzi yakataurwa kambani wokuGermany Siemens. zvakananga zvakanzi akatumwa Russia iri pakutanga Winter yeOlympic muna Sochi. Inoitwa mota shanu uye kureba kusvika 130 metres. It rinogonawo kushanda mu hunyambiri muoti (pamwe kuwedzera mota shanu). "Inomedza" mwero iri repasi - kusvika 160 km / h. It rakagadzirirwa Suburban migwagwa uye vakagadzirira vaine platforms. Nhasi, zvitima izvi vanomhanya kubva Moscow, St. Petersburg uye Krasnodar. Uyewo nezvitima uye pana Sochi Tuapse.

MuRussia, kusiyana nedzimwe nyika, mumwe yoga vakazvitsaurira mukuru-nokukurumidza mitsetse vasingadaro. Uye mukuru-nokukurumidza chitima "Achaparadza", uye kwete shoma nokukurumidza "Sapsan" vanofamba nechekare pre-huripo, kunyange modernized, nzira. Uyezve, kuzozivisa izvi ataure, taifanira kubvisa zvimwe nomumugwagwa kwaitora nguva nzira. Izviwo, zvakonzera yakawanda Kusagutsikana pakati vomunzvimbo. Uye mari matikiti nokuti nezvitima izvi zvakakwirira chaizvo, kunyange maererano nezvinodiwa Europe uye Asia. Munguva rwendo kuenda locomotive kubva kuMoscow St. Petersburg uchava mari yakawanda aizopiwa kana kukandwa ikoko nendege sezvo.