Soviet injiniya Grabin Basil Gavrilovic: Biography uye pikicha

Land kwagara nomukurumbira nemhizha Russian muminda zvoupenyu hwevanhu siyana. Mumwe nyanzvi izvi, vanobva kumhuri nyore, zita Grabin Basil Gavrilovic. Njodzi upenyu uye vicissitudes ari kunozivikanwa wakachenjera uye ichakurukurwa munyaya ino.

pakuberekwa

Grabin Basil Gavrilovic, vane mhuri yaigara chaizvo havaratidzi, akaberekwa muna Kuban mudunhu, mumusha unonzi Staronizhesteblievskoy. Zvino musi December 29, 1899. Morning - Russian. Baba yemberi akagadzira akashumira murwi ari atirari navapfuri vesimbi vakashanda. Mhuri aiva nevana 10. Akashanda Riveter, boilermaker, kushanda paguyo, panzvimbo kuhofisi. Uyezve, mamwe matambudziko akawedzerwa veko zvatariswa, nokuti Kuban - Cossack nharaunda, uye nhaka Cossacks ave tsika dzavo dzisina kusimudzirwa noukama hwakanaka nevamwe vagere munharaunda vasiri vakaberekerwa mhuri iyi muchiuto. Upenyu hwakanga hwakaoma mune zvokunyama nemashoko, uye saka Basil Gavrilovic mumakore 11 rakamanikidzwa kutanga basa rake.

Kubvuma kuti mauto

In July 1920 Grabin Basil Gavrilovic zvakazvipira Red Army. Akanga muChikoro Krasnodar murayiro makosi weDhipatimendi atirari. Paaiita kurovedza muduku musoja aiva nhengo rinoumba rechiuto uye vakarwa White Guard hondo Wrangel. Muna 1921 Grabin akava nhengo RCP (B).

The kuenderera emauto basa

Kamwe muna 1921, kosi apera, Basil Gavrilovic akatumwa uto chikoro kwemhenderekedzo inoremerwa atirari, rakanga rimire Petrograd. The chikoro mukuru kudzidza muna 1923, pashure raakanga atumwa kurwa vamapoka pakati Workers 'uye Varimi' Red Army somunhu mukuru ane atirari platoon. Vaishandawo vakuru kukurukurirana kupesana.

Muna 1924 Grabin akagadza mukuru kosi atirari chikoro Leningrad. Kwapera gore, iye muuto Academy. Feliksa Dzerzhinskogo, ane kudzidza kuva vakuru uye vashandi engineering madhipatimendi. Education, gamba redu rakaitirwa achitungamirirwa inozvikudza masayendisiti akadai Helvius, Rdultovsky, Durlyahov.

Muna 1930 Grabin Basil Gavrilovic vakabudirira kudzidza Academy uye akapiwa injiniya dhigirii, vasati achiparadzirwa pamasikiro yebazi zvebhizimisi "Red Putilovets", iri Leningrad.

Muna 1931, gamba redu anova constructor Bureau №2 pfuti-kubatana zviri zvombo ari USSR vanhu Commissariat munyika yacho indasitiri. Mugore iroro kwaiva kwemapazi pakati bureaus maviri uye akasikwa zvakafanana chakagadzirwa nokuwadzana.

Muna 1932, injiniya Vasily Grabin anova wekutanga mutevedzeri musoro State Design Office pasi nhamba 38, iyo - chete munyika - iri mubasa kukura uye mazuvaano pakati atirari uye hurongwa. Asi sangano iri chakavapo kwenguva pfupi zvikuru nguva uye kare muna 1933 akanga liquidated kubudikidza hurongwa musoro weuto chombo Tukhachevsky, uyo aifarira anonzi dinamoreaktivny pfuti, recoilless akataura zvakawanda.

At achidzora

Pakupera 1933 makanika Grabin Basil Gavrilovic akatuma kufekitari kugadzirwa atirari muguta Gorky, kwaakabereka musoro magadzirirwo Bureau of kambani. Zviri pasi kuzviomesera zvarayirwa Grabin dzakawanda dzakasiyana-siyana zvokushandisa zvakasikwa kuti vari zvachose hakuna nzira hwakaderera vazvo Western. How kuwana venhau uye vanachiremba mumaoko, chete mirayiridzo unyanzvi zvokushandisa, umo Soviet Union agara rakapfuura Germany, kwaiva atirari.

Basil Gavrilovic aiva munhu wokutanga munyika uyo akakwanisa nokubatanidza kukura, magadzirirwo gadzira kwepfuti itsva, iyo yakaita kuti munguva pfupi nguva mukudzidzire pakusikwa maturusi chitsva wehondo dzakabatana.

nevamwe zvinhu

Grabin Basil Gavrilovic, ane Biography iri munyaya ino, akaburuka munhau uyewo nemhaka yokuti vakatanga kushandisa kubatana vezvikwata zvose uye zvikamu kwepfuti, ndiye akaderedza kunonyanyisa nhamba pavo, kuzozivisa nheyo simba zvakaenzana. All pamwe zvinokwanisika kuderedza yekufamba kwenguva atirari pamasikiro zvigadzirwa vane mwedzi 30 kusvika 3. Uyezve, yekudyidzana akaderedza mutengo zvekushandisa uye vakawanda kugadzirwa zvaiita kurwisa yechiFascist achiedza nguva yose Mukuru Patriotic War.

August 1, 1940 injiniya akapiwa chinzvimbo chikuru vakawanda michina ehondo USSR, uye November 20, 1942 - akasimudzira kuti refutenendi mukuru.

Mitambo panguva Second World War

In kuwa 1942 Grabin Basil Gavrilovic akatungamirira Central atirari Design Bureau, iro riri pedo Moscow kuchiteshi "Podlipki". On sangano munyika utungamiri ane mutoro pakusikwa mabasa matsva ari atirari mumunda pfuti. Iwayo 140,000 pfuti kuti vakashandiswa madzibaba edu muhondo pamwe nevaNazi, vanopfuura 90 000 vakanga akasikwa ari zvebhizimisi, izvo zvakaita mukuru wakachenjera Grabin. Muchiitiko chino, chimwezve makopi 30 000 zvakagadziridzwa pamusoro mapurojekiti, munyori raiva yakakurumbira injiniya.

Life norugare

Muna 1946 Grabin akagadza mukuru Central Research Institute of atirari. Uye muna 1955, imwe chinangwa chinzvimbo chakagadzwa pamberi sangano ichi - kuti pave reactor yenyukireya. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, Basil Gavrilovic kwatova mamiriro musoro dhipatimendi uye kuedza nzira dzose kudzivirira ndiwo basa iri atirari mirayiridzo. Somugumisiro, muna 1956 Bazi Kutsigira USSR, kwakasarudzwa pamusoro pokugadzwa Central Research Institute for nhamba 58. It anoenda pasina vachiti Grabin akava Executive wayo mukuru. Under murayiro wake akabata pfuti gadziriro Kugadzirwa tactical rwendo akadai "pasi-pasi," uye "pasi-kuti-mhepo".

madokero basa

Zhizha 1959, CRI-58 wefodya KB Korolev. Saizvozvo rakaparadzwa kukosha yamabhuku magwaro uye mimwe zvombo, mazhinji zviripo chete kopi. Izvi zvakaitika nokuti musoro Nikita Khrushchev, nyika ndokunanga kusimbisa chombo nevarwi Union, uye atirari akasarangarira ari kakasaririra kare. Grabin sezvo akazova nhengo Advisory Group of Bazi Defence, uye muna 1960 basa.

kudzidzisa nzira

Saizvozvowo 1960 Grabin Basil Gavrilovic, mufananidzo dzakapiwa pazasi, akava mukuru wedhipatimendi MVTU. Bauman. Panguva iyoyowo iye zvokuita pamusoro atirari uye akasika muduku magadzirirwo hofisi pakati vadzidzi vepayunivhesiti.

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti kunozivikanwa musiki pfuti aiva chiremba uye vakatakura musoro muzvinafundo. Iyewo akashumira kaviri kuna Supreme Soviet of USSR. Ndaiva mibayiro:

• Four Order of Lenin.
• Order of October Revolution.
• Order of Red Banner.
• Order of Suvorov rworwendo maviri.
• Four-nguva weNobel of Stalin Prize.

Uyezve, akanyora bhuku rinonzi "Victory Chombo", rakabudiswa muna chakazara shanduro chete pakupedzisira-1980. Sezvineiwo, bhuku haina rakabudiswa kwenguva refu chete nekuti Basil Gavrilovic apo upenyu akanga nyasha pamusoro chikamu kwevanhu commissar pamusoro zvombo zvehondo Ustinov, asina kufanana kuti unyanzvi injiniya aiva nekodzero kukurukura zvakananga huru mutungamiriri nyika yakanga pasi protectorate yake nguva. Stalin kwakaita patronage wacho akagadzira zvapiwa kuti ekupedzisira akakwanisa nekutaura mifungo yavo uye pfungwa, uye nguva dzose vakaramba akadzivirira nzvimbo yake pakukurukurirana inokosha paruzhinji nyaya.

Grabin Basil Gavrilovic vane vana havana kupinda makwara ake, akanga akaroora kaviri uye mudzimai wake wechipiri akararama kwemakore 32.

Unyanzvi mugadziri akafa musi waApril 18, 1980 muMoscow. muviri wake yakakumikidzwa panyika Novodevichy kumakuva. Guva iri Nzvombo No. 9.