Tinowana kukweshera simba. Fomura frictional simba

Kukweshera - kutanga nawo Tinogara tiri akasangana muupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Sarudza kukweshera kunokuvadza kana zvinobatsira, hazvibviri. Ita kunyange vanotsika pamusoro tsvedza chando kubudikidza rinorema muviri, ane dzemakwiringwindi penyika Asphalt kufamba mufaro. Details motokari pasina lubrication kusakara zvikuru nokukurumidza.

Kudzidza kukweshera, ruzivo zvainoshandiswa zvinokosha zvivako kunoita munhu kurishandisa.

Simba kukweshera mu wefizikisi

Force kunotangira kufamba kana akaedza kwebasa pose muviri mumwe, kunangana mirayiridzo kufamba rinoshandisirwa miviri ichifamba, yainzi kukweshera simba. Module frictional simba, iyo nzira iyo anoenderana parameters zhinji, izvozvo dzinosiyana-siyana zvichienderana nemhando kurwisa.

Kusiyanisa zvinotevera mhando kukweshera:

• zororo;

• zvishoma nezvishoma mumatope;

• Rolling.

kuedza Chero kuti kumbotsuguduka anorema chinhu (cabinet, ibwe) zvinotungamirira kusimbisa mauto evanhu. Panyaya iyi, kufamba nyaya hapasi kutungamirira. Rinovatadzisa mvongamupopoto kuzorora.

yokuzorora mamiriro

Inofungidzirwa simba fomura pamusoro kunofambira mberi kukweshera havagoni kusarudza zvakarurama. Nemhaka chiito wechitatu mutemo Newton kukosha rugare masimba kurwisa kunobva Zvakarurama simba.

With kuwedzera kuita uye kuwedzera kukweshera simba.

0 tr.pokoya Max

kunofambira mberi kukweshera kunodzivisa zvipikiri nomuzvanza muti kuwa; mabhatani, shinda vasonanidza zvakasimba pazvakagara. Sezvineiwo, munhu anobvumira kuti kufamba kuramba yakanyarara. Uyezve, inoendeswa romunhu racho, izvo zvinopesana mukuru hunowanika.

pitikoti Fani

With kuwedzera kwokunze simba, kufambisa muviri kukosha makurusa kunofambira mberi kukweshera simba zviri munyika zvitange. Simba kukweshera ichaongororwa pakuitika zvishoma nezvishoma mumatope rimwe panorumwe pechiso muviri. Its ukoshi kunobva ehupfumi ari kuwadzana hukawanika uye simba kutwasuka mabasa pamusoro pemvura.

The kukarukureta fomura pamusoro frictional simba zvadzikira: F = μR, apo proportionality coefficient μ- (zvishoma nezvishoma mumatope kukweshera), F - kumanikidza kutwasuka (zvakajairika) kuvafurira.

Mumwe uchityaira sangano simba - zvishoma nezvishoma mumatope frictional simba, iyo nzira iyo wakanyorwa uchishandisa uriri maitiro simba. Nokuti mutemo Newton kechitatu kuita kwomuzvarirwo kumanikidzwa uye uriri maitiro simba vakaenzana nokukura uye pakatarisana mune mirayiridzo P = N.

Asati kuwana frictional simba, iyo inova nzira yakasiyana chimiro (F = μ N), sarudza maitiro simba.

zvuva coefficient kana zvishoma nezvishoma mumatope hunosumwa experimentally mbiri vachidzipukuta hukawanika kunoenderana kunaka kubudiswa uye zvinhu.

Table. The nemishonga chinoita kuti hukawanika zvakasiyana

Maximum kunofambira mberi kukweshera simba, nzira yemaitiro iyo yave zvakanyorwa pamusoro, anogona ngatitsunge uyewo zvishoma nezvishoma mumatope frictional simba.

Izvi zvinova zvinokosha kugadzirisa zvinetso kutsunga nokufambisa mauto kurwisa. Somuenzaniso, bhuku inopepereswa ruoko richingosimba kubva kumusoro, masiraidhi pasi chiito rekuzorora kurwisa kuitika pakati ruoko uye bhuku. The nemishonga mutengo kunoenderana kukosha hunyambiri kumanikidza simba mubhuku.

Chiitiko pamusoro rinopfungaira

Kuchinja wamadzibaba edu kubva itsvedzerere kusvika ngoro vaiona echimurenga. Kugadzirwa mavhiri - mukuru kuvamba vanhu. Rinopfungaira kukweshera anowanika kana vhiri kwebasa pamusoro zviri muduku kukosha zvishoma nezvishoma mumatope nemishonga.

The panowanikwa rinopfungaira kukweshera mauto chokuita dzose nevezera mauto Makumbo kusvika pamusoro, ane hunhu chinosiyanisa kubva kutsvedza. Nokuda kuti zvishomanana deformation vhiri pane zvakasiyana maererano kufurirwa mauto pakati pachikuva uye kuumbwa panguva yayo kumicheto. Musiyano uyu anosarudza simba uye chidzoke kurwisa kuti inofamba.

Akaverenga fomura tikaisa kukweshera mauto kunowanzoitwa pachena muitiro zvakafanana. Musiyano anogona kuonekwa bedzi tsika yacho kurwisa reshiyo.

Nature musimbwa

Kana kusandura roughness pamusoro kukweshera hukawanika uye kuchinja kukosha kukweshera simba. With guru kuwedzera maviri yakanga yakabatana hukawanika Dzakafanana anorovera unopinza twi. Kana achibudisa ari yakabudikira dzomuviri uchikurukura nomumwe. Vose kuonana nzvimbo iri diki. Kana uchityaira kana kuedza inofamba miviri "nenhongonya" kuumba nemishonga. Kwakakura pamusoro kukweshera simba hakunei nzvimbo nokudyidzana hukawanika.

Kunenge kuti vaviri yakarurama hukawanika havafaniri kuona kuramba zvachose. In tsika mvongamupopoto simba hazvisi kunonyanyisa. Izvi zvinotsanangurwa maererano hunhu panowanikwa mismatch mauto. Izvi remagetsi simba kuita pakati maatomu ari kuwadzana miviri.

Mechanical pezvakaitwa asina achiperekedzwa kukweshera zvakasikwa, hazvibviri, nokuti mukana "patsanura" yemagetsi kusakarongeka pakati mhosva miviri ikoko. The rusununguko zviri kurwisa mauto ari hama nzvimbo mitumbi kunotipa akavashevedza nonpotential.

Sezvineiwo, kukweshera simba, iyo nzira iyo dzinosiyana-siyana zvichienderana velocity ari kuwadzana mitumbi iri Proportional kuti mativi ose runoenzanirana nokukurumidza. By simba iri rinoshanda simba kune viscous kurwisa nemvura.

Sangano iri mvura uye gasi

Kufambira yakasimba ine mvura kana gasi, kuti mvura pedyo paasingazonyuri achabatsirwa viscous nemishonga. chitarisiko chawo ari anonzi akataurwa kudyidzana pakati akaturikidzana emura entrained hwakasimba panguva kufamba. Siyana nokukurumidza akaturikidzana - ndimo viscous kukweshera. The chiri ichi mananara - hapana mushonga kunofambira mberi kukweshera. Zvisinei pamwero mukuru kwokunze zvazvinoita muviri kutanga, ari mvura.

Zvichienderana kumhanya kufamba kurwisa simba pakutsvaga kumhanya kufamba, pezvakaita uchifamba muviri uye mvura mvura viscosity. Kurunga mumvura uye mafuta muviri chete achabatsirwa siyana ukuru nemishonga.

For velocities diki: F = KV, apo k - proportionality coefficient zvichienderana Linear kukura mumuviri uye zvivako zviri svikiro, ndima - velocity muviri.

Urume tembiricha uyewo kunokanganisa kukweshera mairi. In frosty ekunze kuti motokari kuti neshungu kuti mafuta kudziyirwa kukwira (the viscosity zvinoderedza) uye akabatsira kuderedza kuparadzwa injini vaaisangana mashoko.

Kuwedzera nokukurumidza

Kuwedzera velocity muviri kunogona kukonzera inovhiringidza aibuda, ari kuramba inowedzera zvikuru. Kukosha ndiwo: yaiungana pamusoro velocity, arambe achirema pamusoro svikiro uye muviri pamusoro nharaunda. The yemaitiro of kukweshera simba anotanga yakasiyana chimiro:

F = KV ² apo k - proportionality coefficient zvichienderana muviri chimiro uye zvivako zviri svikiro, ndima - velocity muviri.

Kana muviri kupa streamlined chimiro, mhirizhonga inogona kuderedzwa. Maumbirwe muviri Dolphins uye hove huru - muenzaniso mitemo yezvinhu zvakasikwa kuti chokuita mwero mhuka vakakwana.

simba kusvika

Kuita basa iri muviri kunodzivisa kuti misha kuramba ari svikiro. Kana ukashandisa mutemo kuchengetedza simba rinoti kuchinja mune zvokuimba simba akaenzana kukweshera simba.

Work simba dzaona kubudikidza nzira: A = Fscosα, apo F - simba, pasi chiito iyo muviri yakatamira kure s, α - pakona pakati zvataurwa simba uye misha.

Zviri pachena zvuva simba riri chakatarisana kwebasa muviri, apo cosα = -1. Shanda frictional mauto payakavakirwa sezvamakaropafadzwa A ane chimiro _TP = - FS, akaipa ukoshi. Kana ichi zvokuimba simba iri mudzoke kunyika mukati (deformation, kudziyisa).