South Africa: zvinokwezva, nhoroondo, okunze, vakawanda, uye zvinetso zvezvakatipoteredza. The kwemitemo gadziriro, hurumende, nhume, mari, mureza uye maoko maoko South Africa

"Vanhu siyana pamwe chete" - ndicho Mashoko venyika iyi zvinoshamisa. Mutsara uyu ndiwo akanakisisa rinoratidza nhoroondo uye hunhu nyika inonzi South Africa. Aripiko nayo iri? Chii chivako? Chii vanonakidza zvinotyisa dziri mundima yacho?

Uripiko nyika?

South Africa - chinhu chinoshamisa conglomeration netsika, tsika uye vemarudzi ane nhoroondo yaro inotungamirwa yakaoma. Nyika iri kumaodzanyemba muromo kondinendi African, zvakazara tuzvikonzero zita rayo ano. By nharaunda - mamiriyoni 1,2 km ^{2 -} zvinogona kunzi chikuru African States.

Guta guru Zimbabwe South Africa (chepuraimari) - Pretoria iguta rine vanhu 740 miriyoni vanhu. Kunyange zvazvo zvose hakusi nyore pamwe yembiru ari mamiriro ichi. Asi ichi - pashure ...

South Africa (Republic of South Africa - uzere yepamutemo zita) riri bordered nenyika shanu: Mozambique, Swaziland, Zimbabwe, Namibia uye Botswana. Uyezve, mukati ndima yayo panewo imwe Enclave - imwe nyika Lesotho. In rwezasi nyika ine kuwana makungwa.

South Africa - kumwe yakabudirira uye dzakabudirira muAfrica. Ndiyo chete mamiriro enyika "kondinendi dema", chikamu G20 - yemarudzi kirabhu ari vaitungamirira upfumi hwenyika. Embassy of Zimbabwe South Africa zviri muMoscow (address: Granada mukoto 1). Panzira, kuti vawane South African vhiza hakusi nyore. The pasuru magwaro kuti kuzviisa pasi Embassy, kushanda haana kumbosiyana kubva British.

Nature uye kwezvakatipoteredza nezvinetso South Africa

Beautiful unspoiled hunhu uye nemamwe ari nzvimbo yakanaka - zvanzi kunokwezva vashanyi, South Africa. Photo imwe makona nyika, vakaisawo pazasi, haamanikidzi munhu kuti kupokana.

Nyika kunoratidzwa zvakasiyana-siyana kwenzvimbo. In uye kumaodzanyemba kumabvazuva iri hunodzorwa makomo nharaunda (Cape, kuti Drakensberg makomo). Munewo yakakwirira mu South Africa - Mount Dzhesuti (3410 mamita). Mune menyika yacho hunodzorwa rwenze-zvakadai pamusoro (Velde), izvo zvishoma nezvishoma ichichinja guru kukura Namib murenje. Kazhinji, kusiyana nharaunda uye zvakasikwa zvakatipoteredza - iri unhu iyo Anozvirumbidza South Africa.

Nyika okunze ariwo zvikuru siyana. Saka, muna kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero South Africa, rune zvinhu reMediterranean, iri kure kumabvazuva - subtropical, uye ari mukati kunzvimbo - akaoma chaizvo. mhepo tembiricha dzinosiyana mukati yakafarikana chaizvo siyana: -10 ...- 15 ° C pamusoro Eastern Cape yechando 40 ... 45 ° C munzvimbo Kalahari.

South Africa ndiyo imwe okutanga nzvimbo munyika iri nhamba nzvimbo kudzivirirwa. By hunhu nyika ino ndivo nokungwarira zvikuru chaizvoizvo. Zvisinei, mamiriro zvinetso zvemhoteredzo muRepublic of South Africa iriko. Zvikurukuru, zviri zvikuru rikwanise dambudziko zvokudya, dambudziko munyika kudzikisirana uye kusvibiswa yegungwa.

Nhoroondo South Africa. rusaruraganda

Nhoroondo South African Republic, somumwe African mamiriro, hunonyatsobatana reEuropean Colonisation. Takatanga izvozvo, kunyange pakati XVII remakore, Dutch. Baton ipapo intercepted Britain akakunda nyika iri pakutanga XIX remakore. Kwataigara rechiDutch mavambo (borax) panguva imweyo Vakawisirwa kure negungwa. Ikoko vakamisa dzavo mamiriro: asi Transvaal uye Orange Republic. Mune ramangwana, vokuBritain uye Boers aishingaira akarwa mumwe musi nyika remangwana South Africa.

Muna May 1910, iye akaumba Union of South Africa, iyo yakanga ichiri hunotsigirwa Britain. Its rusununguko, akagamuchira chete muna 1961.

Pakati pezana remakore rechimakumi maviri remakore, kunyika anopinda zvakaoma uye kusingafadzi nenguva yayo munhoroondo, yainzi "rusaruraganda". To simba muna 1948 vakauya zvakanaka National Party, izvo ndangotanga kushandisa yakaoma mutemo zvairambidzwa kodzero kuti nhema nevanhu. "South Africa - nokuti nevachena!" - waiva sirogani iri simba enyika.

Zvishoma nezvishoma vanhu vatema kuSouth Africa kwave kunyimwa chikuru democratic kodzero uye rusununguko. Vairambidzwa mukawanana navo chena, kubatanidzwa sarudzo, kunyange yekudyidzana zvishoma rusununguko rwavo rwokufamba. Mubato haana kupindura nokutyisidzirwa uye zvirango kubva UN uye akaramba kwayo itsika. Zvechokwadi, izvi zvose chagumbura uremu okutsutsumwa yakapoteredza nyika uye kuratidzira, iyo yakava pfungwa mutungamiri Nelson Mandela. Kupwanya rusaruraganda hurongwa akatanga chete muna 1989, achangobva kusarudzwa mutungamiri Frederik De Klerk. Zvisinei, zvachinokonzera vari akanzwa kunyange nhasi. Kunyanya, mamiriyoni vechitema muSouth Africa vachiri kutambura nourombo uye havana dzidzo yakanaka.

South Africa: vanhu uye mararamiro

South Africa ine vemo vanhu vanenge mamiriyoni 50. Maererano paakati ichi munyika anopindura rinokudzwa wechi26 nzvimbo panyika. Immunodeficiency Virus utachiona mamiriyoni 5.7 panhamba iyi, inova dambudziko zvikuru chakakomba hurumende. Black mu South Africa, kune anenge 79%, uye chena - kupfuura 9%. Panguva iyoyowo nhamba yokupedzisira iri zvishoma nezvishoma yakaderera nokuda water drainage iri rakabudirira zvikuru kunyika nyika (USA, Netherlands, Australia).

Income South Africans vari pedyo avhareji tsika dzenyika. Zvisinei, hurumende vanotambura Tichitarisa musiyano pakati mupfumi (anenge 10% of population) uye murombo (anopfuura 50%). Urovha uye yakakwirira mhosva - matambudziko maviri zvikuru kwazvo ano zvokuvhoterwa.

The State Order, hondo uye mutemo vatevedzere mamiriro South Africa

Chisiri Hurumende South Africa akapa dzekare zvokuvhoterwa dzeparamende. The paramende ine dzimba mbiri uye vagari 490 vevatariri.

Kusvikira 1994, South Africa aiva mubatanidzwa, asi nhasi uri unitary mamiriro. The Republic rakakamurwa mapurovhinzi nemapfumbamwe zvinosiyana zvikuru maererano kukura nenharaunda dzavo.

The kwemitemo hurongwa South Africa rinotungamirirwa Dhipatimendi chaiyo Police, iyo yava inotungamirwa Nati Mtetwa. Pakuurayiwa National mapurisa mabasa anosanganisira zvakare Implementation pakati Anti-nemagandanga kushandiswa. Izvi zvaisanganisira chaiyo boka, izvo panguva iyoyo zvakanga aumba kubva vezvikwata kuti akarwa partisans vatema (vavengi mutemo rusaruraganda). Nhengo mapoka aya zvakaoma chaizvo kusarudzwa kwacho uye vari yakadzidziswa veIsrael nzira.

Mauto South Africa kuti zvombo Pamutemo yakasimbiswa muna 1994 uye inosanganisira gungwa, nyika uye mhepo nemauto. Kumanikidzwa Kupinda Muchiuto munyika hapana National kudzivirira simba akapera chete nokuda kondirakiti. The nyika pagore allocates kuhondo anenge 1,7% zveminda zvayo kubva GDP. South Africa iri chakarurama izvi zvinotora 87th nzvimbo munyika.

Currency uye National zviratidzo South Africa

South Africa - Muna 1961, hurumende rakavambwa. currency idzva munyika panguva imwe chete "akaberekwa." zita rayo - South African Rand (bumbiro - ZAR). Vasati kuti, iri nguva kuvimba Britain, iyo nyika akaenda South African paundi.

South Africa kuti mari chinomiririrwa Banknotes uye mari. One Rand rakakamurwa 100 masendi. Zvinofadza kuti kusvikira 1973 mu South Africa rave kushandiswa poltsentovaya yesimbi. Nhasi wechiGeorgian ndiyo shanu chete mapepa Banknotes (masangano 10, 20, 50, 100, 200 Rand) pamwe anonakidza zvikuru kugadzira. The obverse kuona mufananidzo munyika National gamba - Nelson Mandela, uye neizvi rinoratidza hwokufananidzira hunhu mhuka South African (ingwe, shumba, Rhino, nzou uye nyati).

Kungofanana neimwe nyika, South Africa ine zviratidzo zvenyika wayo. The nyika ine yayo rumbo ( "Mwari Ropafadzai Africa"), jasi kwezvombo uye mureza uye Mashoko ( "vanhu Different pamwe chete").

The jasi yemazuva ano maoko South Africa rakagamuchirwa muna 2000. Zviri yendarama nhoo red inoganhurana, kuratidza mbiri vanhu kukwazisa mumwe. Zvinokonzera nhoo vanoiswa gorosi nzeve, uye pamusoro payo - nepfumo, nuija, multicolor pectoral uye munyori shiri akavhura mapapiro. Bottom nguo maoko nenzwi tusks nzou uye munyoro Ribbon pairi tsamba chena akavezwa Mashoko anoti.

Zvachose zvose mumaoko South Africa ine yayo kukosha uye zvinoreva. Saka, shiri yacho munyori chinofananidzira nokukurumidza kukura, nepfumo ane nuija - kudzivirirwa kuvavengi, ivo tusks ose nzou - uchenjeri uye simba. Anoratidzwa mune mamiriro kukwazisa vanhu - icho chiratidzo kubatana, izvo saka zvakakodzera kuti nyika, uye gorosi nzeve ndiyo chiratidzo (sedumwa) wembereko uye kubudirira.

No zvishoma yokufananidzira uye mureza South Africa. Chakazobvumwa muna April 1994. Zvinofadza kuti hapana asingasviki 7000 siyana vasarudze kuenda mugove makwikwi! Chakagamuchirwa uye inonyoreswa mureza ndiwo multi-mavara uye kunoratidza zvose nyika hwemarudzi akawanda uye ano democratic.

On the South African mureza, unogona kuona mavara nhanhatu dzakasiyana: tsvuku (noruvara dzinotaura Chirungu population), zvitema (Boers), mutema (vanhu vatema), yellow (maIndia), chena (zvose zvimwe "chena" vagari) uye mitema (mumwe "mavara" marudzi) .

Paruzhinji masangano, zvikoro South African wokurera kusimudza mureza nyika yake pamberi kutanga kushanda zuva uye ashaye pashure. Kana waisa pedyo mireza dzimwe nyika kana masangano, mureza South Africa inofanira kuva pakukura kukura.

South Africa: varipo uye nzvimbo zvinogona munyika

South Africa - a nyika zvinovimbisa kuti kutandara zvakakwana. uwandu dzimwe vashanyi yakawedzera pano chete pagore. Maguta zvavari zvikuru kukwezvwa Johannesburg uye Pretoria, izvo kare akabatanidzwa kuva chete guru. It chinonyanya kuzivikanwa tsika centre - kunzwisisa "Market Fieche". It inoshandisa dzemitambo, namaberere, akasiyana-siyana Kunstausstellungen uye Themed mumaresitorendi. Uye manheru ose vashanyi anodirana kuna Garden Oppenheimer - zvikuru unodziya uye kudanana nzvimbo.

Pane muSouth Africa yaro Las Vegas - guta Sun City zvakawanda nembariro, dzokubhejera uye Nightlife. An guta dzinonakidza uye ruvara chaizvo yeDurban. Pano vafambi vanoenda sunbathe pamusoro yakanaka mahombekombe ufambe pamusoro zvekumwe dzomunzvimbo musika. Mune mamwe mazwi, kwazvo toerisme zvakawanda izvo vaiva pedyo kwazvo uye chinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakawanda South Africa.

Attractions anthropogenic (tsika) mavambo South African hazvigoni kuenzaniswa yayo huru kukwezvana - hunhu. In ichi yakasiyana nyika ine subtropical mumarenje pamwe dzinongoitika hurongwa, uye veko kasvisto uye fauna of - nevamwe. Uyezve, South Africa vomene chaizvo kukudzivirira dzavo zviwanikwa. Yokutanga National Park rakavambwa pano kare makore mazana maviri adarika!

Chokwadika, European Colonisation haina chinhu chakanaka kuti ichi kunyika. Active Kugadzirwa yemigodhi bhizimisi uye kurima zvikuru anetseka chizvarwa mhuka, nokuputsa kwavo nzira zvenguva dzose muupenyu. Asi nhasi, nokuti Fauna of South Africa anogona kutarisa dzakawanda hunhu hwemunhu uye omunyika imomo apo mhuka ine ose ezvinhu kuti kwomuzvarirwo kuvapo.

Kwakachengetwa mu South Africa

20 mumapaki nenyika iripo nhasi muSouth Africa. Uyezve, munyika mune nzvimbo zhinji akadzivirira (zvimwe zviri revatema kuva chete hurongwa pamwe pedyo kunyika Botswana mumapaki uye Zimbabwe).

Kruger, Pilanesberg, addo uye Tsitsikama - ndiyo yakakurumbira National Parks mu South Africa. Mumwe anogona kufungidzira kushanyira vashanyi, uyo asingadi kushanyira imwe zvivako izvi. With serakavakwa nemaonero, chinonyanya kunakidza ndiye Pilanesberg Park, nokuti riri panosangana vaviri dzinongoitika zvikamu - the savanna uye Kalahari Desert. Pakati dzakachengetedzwa nzvimbo iri mudziva yakaisvonaka. Mupaki musha hapana marudzi asingasviki zviuru zvishanu mhuka.

Addo National Park wakasikwa zvakananga kuti achengetedze gumi nzou asara ari Western Cape. Asi ikozvino varipo kuti vanopfuura 300 vanhu. Tsitsikama ndiye wokutanga zvomumvura paka iri yose Africa. Riri pamahombekombe kuIndian Ocean uye anotambanudza nokuda 80 makiromita.

Kuwedzera hurumende, kuSouth Africa, panewo private hunhu hwemunhu. Vanotaurwa nezvavo ino mutambo. The havaoni zviri private mutambo Matura kazhinji yakavakwa dzavo nharaunda duku uye unodziya hotera vaenzi ayo.

Yakakurumbira zvikuru pakati vashanyi National Park mu South Africa ndiyo Kruger. The paka kungoti huru: mundima yayo aizokwanisa ndikwane Israeri yose uye Luxembourg. Vashanyi pano kunyanya kuona inonzi makuru mhuka shanu African: shumba, ingwe, nzou, Rhino uye nyati (mhuka idzi munoshongedza mari South African mari).

(- Aimbova purezidhendi Paulo Kryuger muvambi) muna 1898 ndiyo kupfuura National Park munyika yakatangwa. Sezvo tinogona kuona, kudzivirirwa kwezvakatipoteredza mu South Africa kuita kare. zvakafanira zvose kwezvivako iri nokuti vashanyi varipo vari Kruger Park nhasi. Pano ishande hotels, muzvitoro, mumaresitorendi, swimming madziva uye dzezvimwe nokuda pikiniki.

Muna Kruger Park unogona kurenda motokari. Zvisinei, kufamba famba munzvimbo usiku ari zvachose wairambidza. Uyezve, tinofanira kuyeuka, uye kuchengeteka mitemo, nekuti vamwe mhuka inogona kurwisa kunyange muchina. Zvinonzi zvakare rambidzwa kunofudza vagere paki.

Tugela Falls - Decoration South Africa

Nokuda kujairika nomunzvimbo dzine, pane vazhinji akanaka uye chikuru mapopoma kuSouth Africa. The kupfuura nomukurumbira vavo - Tugela, Howick Falls uye Augrabis.

Tugela - wechipiri soro mapopoma munyika. Inoitwa shanu rwokuzvarwa siyana (zvigaro). Zvachose kureba mvura donhwe yatovapo 947 metres. Upamhi mapopoma - vanosvika 16 mamita.

Makumi mana chete kubva Tugela Falls iri guta Bergville. Apo iwe unogona kumira uye chigadzirirai kushanyira zvinoshamisa chishamiso South African hunhu. Kuenda kune mapopoma hwakareba uye zvakaoma. Kurovedzwa vashanyi vachange kuikunda kwemaawa 5-6. On panzira mapopoma unogona kuona vatorwa chizvarwa kwemarudzi, kushambira ari pachena mvura Tugela uye kunakidzwa dzinokatyamadza nzvimbo dzokuona. Zvinofanira kuva vakagadzirira nokuda chokwadi kuti dzimwe nzvimbo kuti vanokwira yakamanikana masitepisi uye kukunda zvimwe zvipingamupinyi zvakakura zvakadai boulders kana hunde dzacho miti rawa.

Drakensberg - a Geological Kushamisa kondinendi

A chishamiso kondinendi African ndivo Mountains Drakensberg. Musiki nokururamisira vakaedza kushanda ichi dzinongoitika rounyanzvi. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti chitarisiko ivo chekutaura kufanana yaizivikanwa kwatiri makomo ose Crimean. Zvisinei, nzvimbo dziri kukura zvikuru uye makuru.

Zita gomo siyana zvinopfuura zvakakodzera. Bushmen kubva yekare vaidavira kuti chaiyo dhiragoni moto-kufema zvinowanika mumakomo aya. Nenzira, dzoutsi pamusoro pavo anogona kufunga kazhinji. Asi ichi hachisi chiutsi mumhino dzake huru mhuka ngano, asi kungoti nemigumisiro remwoto Dried gomo miriwo mu zuva rinopisa.

Drakensberg Anotambanudza anenge chiuru makiromita. The muhomba mupfumi kwazvo zvicherwa siyana. Pano zvikaramba goridhe, tini, Platinum, marasha. Mugomo mawere akure endemic zvirimwa haawaniki mimwe pakona nyika. Asi chikuru kukwezvana Nzvimbo iyi - hazvina hunoshamisa uye chinoshamisa Panorama kuti inogona kuyemurwa pano nokusingaperi. Zvichida ndokusaka chikamu Drakensberg makomo chinobviswa pasi kudzivirira UNESCO.

Pano unogona kuona zvakasiyana-siyana nharaunda: arrays uye mumasango, uye kwegore risingapindiki mumatenhere akaoma yeminzwa nemiti uye uswa hwakawanda paMaare Zvikwenzi mhando gomo. Zvinoshamisa sei hunhu zvose izvi vakwane zvakadaro duku munda! Zvakafanana kushamisa ndechokuti gomo iri kuwanda munguva yechando chakafukidzwa chose nesinou.

The Mountains Drakensberg kunokwezva vashanyi vakawanda Ukashlamba National Park Drakensberg, riri maawa maviri kubva kuguta Durban. Pane zvose zvinhu kuti vafambi: dzinovangira hotels, campsites uye emapuranga tenuka, izvo vakasununguka chaizvo kunakidzwa South African zvisikwa, teererai kweshiri yemo. Pano unogona ravira chinonaka ndiro norudzi chili uye kuravidza inonaka waini. Muchawana chinhu munhu wose uye tichishingaira vashanyi. Park akagadzirira kupa vaenzi ayo kutamba gorofu, famba akatasva bhiza ane mutungamiriri, kana ukabata Rainbow ari mugomo mudziva.

9 zvinofadza zvine chokuita South Africa

South Africa - nyika kusiyanisa chokwadi. Pano, urombo coexists pamwe kumboitika muumbozha uye nezvikara isina kumbobatwa hunhu - munhu ano guru. Pakupedzisira, tinofanira kupa pfungwa dzako zvishoma kunakidza uye kujairika zvinhu pamusoro nyika iyi zvinoshamisa:

• mu South Africa - 11 mitauro yepamutemo uye, naizvozvovo, gumi zita pamutemo Hurumende;
• varume munyika ino, maererano nenhamba, kurarama kwenguva refu kupfuura vakadzi, riri zvausina kumbofunga kwedu nyika;
• South Africa haisi guru, sezvo munyika dzakawanda munyika, asi vatatu: Cape anoita zvemitemo basa, Bloemfontein - zvaakatonga; guta guru administrative of South Africa - Pretoria;
• South Africa - nyika mutungamiriri ari dzokubudisa muura Pasi Platinum uye nedhaimani
• nyika pokutanga yakasimba nzvimbo yechitatu munyika nokuda kwemvura ravo yokunwa, izvo vasiri kutya, unogona kunwa ngaatarire kubva pombi;
• South Africa ndiyo nzvimbo yechizvarirwo kuti nemamwe miti - BAOBAB;
• munyika kubudisa inonaka uye yepamusoro waini, iyo aida chaizvo uye akaonga guru Walt Disney;
• Chete munyika iyi inogona kuravidza ndiro vakagadzirira pamwe nyama tsoko;
• zviri muSouth Africa yave kuitwa oparesheni munyika yokutanga (izvi muna 1967, uye akapedza mwoyo wake chiremba Christian Bernard) mwoyo nokuisazve.

mhedziso

South Africa - imwe nyika duku iri kumaodzanyemba kweAfrica, ane nhoroondo zvakaoma uye yakanaka kukura tarisiro. Uyu ndiwo mumwe nokubudirira zvikuru nyika yacho. For vashanyi, zviri Zvinoshamisawo chaizvo uye anoyevedza. Kune vakawanda matatu guru, 11 mitauro yepamutemo uye yakawanda munzvimbo akadzivirira uye zvinhu. South Africa chiri inozivikanwa akanaka zvakasikwa, mvura yakachena uye zvinonaka chaizvo waini.