Miganhu mvura - kuti ... kune miganhu mvura Russian Federation

Miganhu mvura - ndiyo chikamu yegungwa, omurume chete chepasi womumwe State. The United Nations zvakajeka mapazi upamhi - 12 nautical makiromita, akayera kubva yegungwa nenguva kufadza vavimbezve.

kure negungwa mvura

Miganhu mvura - zviri zvakare zvemukati zhinji, kusanganisira nzizi, madziva, asi yakamanikana coves, fjords, etc. It inoshanda chakakwana uchangamire, haisi pasi mitemo Sea Convention ...

Water nharaunda pakati rezvitsuwa, pasi zvimwe zvirwere zviri kure negungwa mvura. nyika dzinoverengeka (Indonesia, Philippines) vane zvakawanda mapazi dzakawanda kuti ichikutadzisa kwemutemo midziyo yokumwe. Kuti varege kudzivisa navigation, inofanira mvumo nehurumende gungwa Lanes nyore wekushandisa.

miganhu gungwa

Pamutemo chikamu gungwa riri kuonekwa miganhu (Ocean) nevamwe neUN mukati rwemakiromita 12 mapazi. Dzakavakidzana nomugungwa kazhinji vanobvuma bilaterally pamusoro delimitation nzvimbo basa. Kana chibvumirano asina kuwana, muganhu akatsunga ne pfungwa equidistant panyika munzvimbo.

In tsika, chikamu ehurumende ari nokududzirwawo mutemo nepagungwa yayo, kusanganisira chete changamire mvura mapazi mhiri miganhu gungwa. Zvinokonzera kusawirirana vari zvoutachiona pfuma, zviwanikwa, panzvimbo.

contiguous mapazi

The miganhu mvura mamiriro vakapfuurira sezvo contiguous mapazi, kunorondedzerwa muna 12 mamaira. A buffer akasikwa ari panzvimbo. Pano, kuti simba muganhu anogona pamwe kudzora rwendo, kubata kunze kwemutemo uye Pirates, ziva vanopara utano, immigration uye netsika mitemo.

Warships dzimwe nyika, sezvo mutemo, anofanira kuwana mvumo kugadzirisa contiguous mapazi uye pazasi - dzinofamba pamusoro pemvura. Zvisinei, zvinodiwa havasi zvakajeka uye zviri yaidzorwa muchidimbu nokuda remunharaunda chibvumirano, kana "mutemo akasimba."

Exclusive zvoupfumi mapazi

Miganhu mvura - iri-maira 24 nzvimbo rinokosha kwete chete. Nation rinoti vane kodzero yokutanga kusimudzira vanonzi oga zvoupfumi mapazi. It Anotambanudza nokuti 370? Km (200 nautical makiromita) kubva kumhenderekedzo mutsetse (kana kure negungwa mvura), kana hapana miganhu kuomesa muchimiro mugungwa miganhu dzakavakidzana.

State muna EEZ anogona nomumwe (kana vadiwa) dzokubvisa zvicherwa, kutanga yeHydrocarbon kuminda, hove uye vamwe zvomugungwa, kuvaka mhepo mumapurazi uye naTidhari simba, kuti aite ubanguranyika uye zvichingodaro. D. Hazvina kunyange kuvaka chakagadzirwa zviwi kushandisa upfumi.

Zvichakadai, Mutemo yeGungwa unorambidza mwoyo nendege uye rugare kwemutemo midziyo dzimwe nyika. Achirega gasket nzira yokukurukurirana, mapaipi. Uyewo, bato iri vakazvipira kuchengetedza zvakatipoteredza, kubvisa zvinokonzerwa zvakatipoteredza njodzi.

pasherufu mapazi

The miganhu Gungwa anosanganisirawo chikamu kuwedzerwa Continental pasherufu. Namasimba States mukati pasherefu mapazi kunonyanya yakafanana masimba EEZ. ndima idzi anogona bindepinde, umo nyaya mitemo zvoupfumi munyika dzine vari chokutanga.

Kana pasherefu kunosvika mhiri oga upfumi mapazi uye vaudzewo pemvura kuwedzera Continental kwenyika, hurumende ine simba rangu zviwanikwa, kuti hove, uye zvichingodaro. D. Zone upfumi basa kunosvika mhiri EEZ makiromita 200 kusvika 350 nautical kubva nemhenderekedzo.

The miganhu mvura Russia

The Russian Federation anodzora rakakura gungwa nzvimbo. Muganhu Anotambanudza kuti 38.800? Km. The kure negungwa Mvura zvinosanganisira yeGungwa White, Chosha Bay, Pechersky muromo. Gungwa Okhotsk, nemhaka Kuril cheni, ndizvo chezvibereko miganhu mvura chete nzvimbo mutoro. Zvinonzi rambidzwa kuredza kuti dzimwe nyika pasina chinokosha mvumo.

The zvoupfumi mapazi rinofukidza vanopfuura mamiriyoni 4 km ^2. Chinosanganisira gungwa yose:

• Kara;
• Laptev
• East Siberian;
• Okhotsk;
• White.

Chikamu:

• Black;
• Azov;
• reCaspian;
• Baltic;
• Barents;
• chukchi;
• Bering;
• Japanese;
• Pacific Ocean;
• Arctic.

nzvimbo iyi mune ramangwana achava locomotive hwenyika. Biological mari mvura rakakura. EchiShinto akapfuma chicherwa uye mhangura zvokuvakisa, mafuta uye gasi. Vakaronga kuvaka pemvura robotic maguta-mafekitari, izvo ichabereka, zvekufambisa, pamwe kuti dzinoona zvipo enyika.

kurwisana

Miganhu mvura - a vematunhu, nemirau omurume Sea Convention. Asi kwete zvidzidzo zvose uchapisika kutevera zvokudya zvayo. Kazhinji mutaro of miganhu gungwa pakati vavakidzani anoshandura kupinda nedzenyu, kurwisana kunyange uto.

Somuenzaniso, United States uye Libya kaviri (1981, 1989) vakatarisana nharo pamusoro delimitation kuti Cider Bay. Iye juts yakadzika munharaunda Africa, asi yakafara zvakakwana kuti pasi chete uchangamire nzvimbo, asi Libya runoonekwa yake. Makore achangopfuura havagoni vagovere miganhu miganhu mvura Nicaragua uye Costa Rica. The nedzenyu kukonana pamwe nokutyisidzirwa uto kunetsana.

Perennial kusawirirana kuitika pakati Turkey uye Greece, Japan uye China, Indonesia uye Timor. Section of South Sea China aigona pave nekukurukurirana pamwero mukuru hondo pakati China, Vietnam, Philippines, United States nedzimwe mapati.

Hondo pamusoro kweArctic

Yenguva refu kusawirirana pakati paku- circumpolar nyika. Somuenzaniso, mashoko miganhu mvura Russia-mubatsiri kunyika uye Russia pacharo vari demarcated zvakasiyana. The Russian Federation inokurukura nharaunda ine mapazi nzira dzinokosha zvido kwokunze kumuganhu Murmansk Region uye Chukotka kuna North Pole. Norway, Canada, neUnited States uye zvimwe kudiwa kuderedza munharaunda, maererano nemirau yacho Convention. Zvichakadai, United States neCanada pachavo vakasununguka kududzira mitemo iyi kana totaura zvine urongwa zvido.

EchiShinto akapfuma zvicherwa, saka ndivo vanotongwa kukakavadzana dzakawanda. Somuenzaniso, hydrologists Russian ari 2000s aiva akasiyana kudzidza kuratidza vaiva pasi pemvura anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri Mendeleyev University uye chukchi Plateau kune Asian Continental pasherufu. On chikamu mundima aiti ne Zimbabwe (Denmark). Rwendo 2007 chaitadzisa rakanyorwawo zvido Russia kwoupfumi kweArctic mudunhu.

Kubvira 2010, kuwedzera kune Continental pasherefu vaizviti ne Canada tichiregeredza kweArctic Undersea nenharaunda. Zvikurukuru, zvinonzi vaiona chikamu Mendeleev kuwedzera North America kondinendi. Hazvina rambai kutaura uye Denmark. Zvisarudzo izvi zvakamanikidza Russia ndiponesezve zvingoro uto iri kuchamhembe pazvitsuwa: Novosibirsk, Frantsa Iosifa, New Earth nevamwe kudzivirira zvido. Yokubvunza 2015-2016 hazvikanganisi ushe kubva nzwisisa magadzirisirwo pasherefu mazita.

Kurwisana kwakadaro rwakavapo Antarctic mumvura, sezvo nhamba yenyika (Chile, Argentina, Norway, etc.) Ko vaiona chikamu wamambo nharaunda huru. Izvi zvinopesana UN zvisarudzo, vanoziva nechando kondinendi kwazvakarerekera mapazi. Kazhinji, gumi nevaviri kunyika nhatu dzine dzinofunga kuti delimitation pamusoro mugungwa miganhu.