Solovetsky chikoro kudzidzira Soviet Navy history, alumni, ndangariro

Teens mu munyu vanamajasi, pamwe Kuzungunuka gait uye tsika noruzivo varume ... Jung - kubva chiratidzo dzisingaperi mutsa uye inviolability kwetsika wengarava. Kana uine mukomana, ndakagadzirira kwete kusiya achigochwa uriri, ipapo - zvikepe kuva!

Inokurukurwa munyaya ichanyanya pamusoro Solovki chikoro Jung, nhau sangano iri, ayo zvisikwa, vadzidzi uye ndangariro.

vadzidzi Petrovs

Kabhini mukomana muRussia akazviratidza zvinenge panguva imwe chete zvikepe - muna 1707 Petr Veliky akavamba chikoro yokutanga munyika, uko vakadzidziswa vechidiki vengarava. chikoro ichi raishanda muna Kronstadt, asi kwete kwenguva refu. Zvino paiva chikoro yakafanana kuchikoro aidzidzisa, uye vanoedza yakaitwa muna 1912 kudzorera Kronstadt tsika.

Chikonzero pakagadzwa muzvikoro yakadaro (zviya, kwenguva refu, zita rakanyorwa zvaipesana girama Russian - "yungov chikoro" nokuti shoko rokuti "kabhini mukomana" rechiDutch mavambo) - kudiwa kurovedza mune remangwana kuvafambisi vengarava. Sailor aida kuziva uye kukwanisa zvinopfuura musoja, uye gadzirira zvikepe vaiendeswa kana muchiuto zvakanaka haina nyore - yakapera nguva yakawanda.

Hurumende yeSoviet anonzwisisawo ichi, uye muna 1940 akamisa vakomana yake yechikoro pachitsuwa Valaam. Hongu, chete kuti vawane dzidzo yakanaka vadzidzi vake vasina nguva - hondo haana kumirira pavo. Chii basa vakomana ari Solovki yepachikoro? Izvi huchakurukurwa.

vamwe akatsiviwa

Valaam kabhini mukomana vakaurayiwa, zvinenge zvose (kubva vanhu 200 vaigara havasi vanopfuura gumi nevaviri); kurwira vanonzi "Nevsky Spot". Vakaratidza pachavo kuti patriots uye magamba, asi chinangwa chake chikuru haina kuzadziswa - vaisagona kuva tarenda dziva Navy. Zvino dambudziko iri kukura nokukurumidza - muhondo makore okutanga ruzivo vafambisi vengarava vakaurayiwa chirwirangwe, todzitsiva vaiendeswa kubva kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakapoteredza, ndamboona gungwa, zvakanga zvisingaiti. Kunaka uye vakadzidza zvishoma musarudzo - havana kukwanisa kurarama asi kunzwisisa chikepe michina.

Zvikepe vakatumwa vamboshanda reservists, asi ivo vaiva ora zvakawanda, uye unyanzvi haisi akamira. Vaiendeswa, vazhinji vacho vari kare anopfuura matatu, asingagoni kunzi munhu dzakazara vezvikepe nyanzvi. Pane kudiwa kuumba chikoro chitsva chokudzidzisa vezvikepe kuti aigona kushumira muhondo uye kukunda muchikepe michina.

Admiral wokuti pamusoro pokugadzwa chikoro

The runoenzanirana chakazoitwa neDare USSR vanhu commissar of Navy, Admiral Ng Kuznetsov. Zvinonzi zita pashure naye akakurumbira chaizvo Russian inotakura ndege ikozvino, kuita mushandirapamwe munguva ichangobva reSiriya kumhenderekedzo. May 25, 1942, Admiral akaita akasaina chirevo pamusoro pakagadzwa vakomana kuchikoro pane ari Solovetsky Islands.

Tsika yakanga kugadzirira vanhu kuti chinonyanya kukosha yehondo unyanzvi: redhiyo dzaishandisa, signalers, gozvo, magetsi, makanika uye Navy Boatswain.

Solovki vaiva dzinokodzera kwezvikonzero zvinoverengeka - uye pedyo nzvimbo muhondo kushandiswa, uye njodzi, uye hwokugadzira chawo mimwe mhando kwakange, uye aimbova yemamongi kwakavakirwa akanga nyore kujairana nokuda mumakirasi uye yemapurisa. The zvedzidzo Gore yainorongwa kutanga September 1st - saka aiva nguva kuita yokutanga rutsigiro uye vaigadzirira basa zvirongwa. Pinza Vazvipiri vanofanira chete kuburikidza Koshanda sangano. Zvisinei, Admiral N. G. Kuznetsov zvakananga akataura kuti yayo kuti vadzidzi varege kuva nhengo Koshanda.

Vanotyora mutemo of Geneva Convention

Ndinofanira kutaura, vazhinji vaida iri kabhini mukomana akatora ichi Admiral kunatsiridzwa yaingowanikwa. Kunyange pamutemo muchikoro vakanga basa kuyaruka makore 15-16, asi panenge panguva kamwe zvakasiyana ano paiva Cadets, zvakajeka haana makore Koshanda. Munguva yehondo vazhinji kacho kurasikirwa kana kukuvara magwaro uye kupupurira Data zvakanga zvisingaiti nguva dzose. The gotwe Solovetsky kabhini mukomana panguva kupinda kudzidza akanga chete ... kwemakore 11!

Hongu, akaisa mune kabhini-mukomana ane makore 15 okuberekwa vakomana (uye gare gare gore vakatumirwa kushumira!) Ko zvakajeka zvinopesana dzemunharaunda dzavanhu Geneva Convention unorambidza kushandiswa dzose muchiuto vanhu pasi pemakore 18. Asi zviito izvi zvizere zvinoenderana dzemunharaunda tsika uye paruzhinji womudzimu vechidiki yeSoviet munguva yehondo.

vakomana Soviet ainyatsoziva: zvakafanira kurova nevaFascist kukuparadzwa rakwo! Asi kuvapo Geneva Convention, vazhinji vavo vakanga vasingazivi uye ndisingadi kuva. Vana vaya Soviet Union, izvo zvakachinja muna itsva mapasipoti gore rokuberekwa 1925 kusvika 1923, kusvika nokukurumidza kuenda mberi, kana mumakore 11, akapika kuti vane 15 akasiyana chikuru unhu zvakanaka kurera mwana - chido chokuva vakuru nokukurumidza sezvinobvira. Uye kukura vainzwisisa nemazvo - sezvo basa, basa uye basa.

zveutsinye makwikwi

Uye pwere iri USSR akanga kwazvo! Pachavo aimbova mukomana kabhini akandiudza kuti, somuenzaniso, muMoscow, pamwe kutumirwa nemirayiridzo vane zvigaro 500 pazuva rokutanga akagadzirwa mazuva mashoma 3,500 mafomu vakanga akabvuma.

Zvisinei, chaizvoizvo akasarudzwa. Kukanganisa uku - vanofunga kuti Suvorov zvikoro kana chikoro kudzidzira panguva yehondo akatuma chete pokugara. Saka, zvakare, paiva, asi chete nevana ivavo vagrant, kuti chete haana yakazoona yanyura mumadhaka mhosva. Kakawanda, vaida kuva vashandi vechiduku vaiva vaduku guerrillas uye vanakomana regiments, uyewo vana nemasoja wemufi.

Ravaifanira kuva dzidzo kanenge 6 makirasi (vamwe vachigona akakwanisa famba mutemo uyu) uye utano hwakanaka (apo zvakanga zvakaoma - komisheni wezvokurapa "wakaputirwa" vazhinji). Takavadzidzisa kubva 9 kusvika 11 months, kwazvo, uye chirongwa zvaisanganisira kuranga specialization, asiwo mutauro Russian, masvomhu, sayenzi. Kunyange kufanorongwa wepachikoro zvakanakira tsika Russian rengarava (ane kuchiratidza chokwadi kuti kudzidzira kungokura vakuru - kukwanisa kutamba kwainzi fanira kuti "kodzero" imwe mukuru wengarava). Kurovedzwa youth anova zvechokwadi zvinokosha tarenda dziva.

Harimboonekwi vakamborwa kudzidzira chikoro

Solovetsky chikoro kudzidzira Navy yakabereka 5 shanduro (3 munguva yehondo, uye 2 yangopedzwa - vakapedza aya ainyanya akatuma trawlers, akajeka gungwa vangu). Gare gare, kuchikoro hwakatamisirwa kuna Kronstadt, uye Solovki kabhini mukomana apera - paiva Kronstadt.

School Solovki kudzidzira munguva yehondo, yakabudisa 4111 vanhu, ipapo vakashumira pamusoro fleets zvose (richiparadzirwa kunoparirwa tichiona kudiwa). Inenge 1,000 kudzidzira havana kudzokera kumba, achipa upenyu kwokudzivirira Motherland. Vazhinji vavo vakanga redhiyo dzaishandisa, asi minders wandei, Electricians uye atirari. Yakanga gozvo, signalers uye vamiririri mamwe zvomumvura unyanzvi.

Kazhinji zvikepe apedza vakomana Solovki yepachikoro akaratidza zvimwe vakadzidza zvikuru uye vakadzidziswa chikwata nhengo (kusungika netsvimbo huripo kusvikira pakuguma hondo). Muzviitiko izvi, mumwe gangaidzo mamiriro ezvinhu - mukomana ane makore 16-17-okuberekwa akaonekwa basa nevadzidzisi uye nevatungamiriri-makore 40 sekuru. Chokwadi, havana kukanganwa kuyeuchidza yungam kuzviisa pasi, asi achiri kupinda mukutenda zvakanaka. Zvisinei, vakuru muchiuto achiri kurangarira zvakanaka mushandirapamwe kubvisa kusadzidza vakuru, kana vadzidzisi uye vanasekuru, zvakare, vaiva mapiyona-gore 10 okuberekwa. Saka kuti vafambisi Soviet vari zvakanaka kuzvinzwisisa vaduku - hazvirevi zvishoma ruzivo.

We paakavapa varege nokuzvidira chaizvo, asi mubayiro. Solovetsky girajuweta V. Moiseenko muna 1945 akanga paakavapa musoro Hero of Soviet Union. Sasha Kovalev (! Zvakanga kunyange Alexander - Sasha) Dai Order of Red Star uye Hondo Yenyika II; vazhinji vakanga paakavapa Medals. Asi pashure pehondo kuziva nyaya haina kutanga. Kusvikira 1985 Solovki kabhini mukomana havana vaiona kunyange vatori Huru Patriotic War! Pakave yokuvanda nemaune nezvokuti kwokubvuma emauto mhiko yacho (zvimwe kupomera zvose zvakafanana Geneva Convention, izvo zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti kuvanza makore gumi namashanu varwi). kutsungirira chete pamusoro Marshal Akhromeeva akabvumira kugadzirisa kusaruramisira.

Asi ndangariro vakaramba pasina nezvouchapupu bureaucratic dzvuku tepi. Nechekare muna 1972 (yechi30 gore kuchikoro) akatanga ngapaonekwe Zvivako vakomana kubva Solovki pakutanga, uye rava tsika kokorodzano ekare kudzidzira.

ichiita mabasa akawanda ukama

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti pakati kudzidzira vakapona hondo, yaiva yakawanda multi-unyanzvi vanhu, vakawanda kubudirira nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana unyanzvi.

Vladimir Korobov, Yu Pandorin uye N. Usenko rose upenyu hwakasungirirwa zvikepe, achifumira azvaitwa kuna Admiral, Rear Admiral uye Captain 2 chinzvimbo. Izvi vezvikepe matatu pashure pehondo vakagamuchira zita Hero of Soviet Union mumamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana. dzimwe alumni mana paakavapa Star of Hero pakati Socialist Labor.

I. K. Peretruhin akasarudza muchiuto mune imwe nharaunda - akava mukuru mu counterintelligence. Akaratidza akazvivakira kabhini mukomana uye avo vakasarudza kuchinja chimiro pamwe chivharo wake ndokuendeswa sutu. Bt Shtokolov akawana musoro vanhu Artist of USSR - yaiva yakakurumbira dhanzi singer, muiti bass pemitsara. V. V. Mazura akaita starred yakawanda mafirimu; Uyezve, aiva mmusik, mudzidzi muiti nziyo kwake. GN Matyushin akarwira richengetedzwe nhoroondo nyika yake yaakaberekerwa sezvo zvakasimba sezvo kuidzivirira kubva muvengi - archeologists vakagamuchira zita academician. VG Guzanov akanyora mumanyoro kuti mafirimu uye mabhuku; Nechaakatipawo zvakawanda kusimbisa tsika ukama Russian-Japanese, chaizivikanwa zvidzidzo Japanese mazvikokota. Mamwe mabhuku ake akanyorwa Japanese.

Asi anozivikanwa nevakawanda angosimuka mumwe chaizvo akaipisisa vatadzi of Geneva Convention. Valentin Savich Pikul vachipinda Solovetsky gore yechikoro anonzi amene. Aifanira kubereka kurwa basa, asi mugumo waiva yakanaka - muduku kuzvikepe vakapona. Gare gare V. S. Pikul wakakurumbira sezvo zvichida yakakurumbira Soviet uye Russian munyori kushandisa nhoroondo enganonyorwa. Vaverengi Soviet (kazhinji vasine mabhuku akanaka) vaiva nyasha mabhuku ake tungamidzana uye kuburitswa kwavari pachako pamusoro matapureta. Panguva iyo enganonyorwa Pikul nzira inenge hafu kana mumwe, asi akarondedzera zvomumvura dingindira.

A bhuku pamusoro Solovki chikoro vakomana 'Boys nouta "

Musakanganwa munyori uye ake nedutu pwere Solovki. akatsaurira ari yokufungidzira "Boys nouta" kuti mamwe masoja ake pane vakomana kuchikoro uye dzavo tsamwa zvichaguma. Akatsanangura upenyu uye kutapwa Solovki kuchikoro kudzidza ayo nemabasa avo uye VG Guzanov.

Kana mabasa aya ekare kudzidzira vanotova autobiographical mabhuku, pane akakurumbira uye kuti pwere nanhasi ndangariro pamusoro yokubiridzira vezera. Mubhuku "The gungwa nekudana vakashinga" anogona kupiwa muenzaniso. Zviri zvinoshamisa kuti inobudiswa Yaroslavl - Yaroslavl apo, uye apo Solovki!

Nhoroondo Solovki kudzidzira chikoro rwaioneka muSoviet mabhaisikopo - firimu anoritsanangura, "Young Northern Fleet" akanga filmed.

Memory ibwe wechikoro akakurumbira

zvinhu izvi akasimba husawedzera Feat vakakodzera vaduku magamba vanamajasi. Wokutanga Monument akaonekwa musi Solovki mukukudza yechi30 gore pachikoro. aimbova mukomana wake kabhini vakanga pachavo akavaka, pamusoro dzavo uye mari yazvo.

Gare gare, pashure pamutemo wenyika Solovki Jung yerusununguko of Great Patriotic War, kuti kuchengeta kurangarirwa kwavo vaiita zvose hurumende uye voruzhinji. MuMoscow muna 1995, paiva nzvimbo Solovki kudzidzira. Muna 1993, shongwe majaya vezvikepe kuisa pamusoro building of Northern Dvina, uye muna 2005 - on ainzi kwavo nokukudzwa nharaunda (mu mbiri idzodzo, munyori akataura muvezi F. Sogayan).

Asi zvinofadza zvikuru monument inomira muchivanze rimwe Moscow zvikoro (zvino - "Vertical" jimunasiyamu). Akazviratidza muna 1988, uye munyori chirongwa akanga apedza kudzidza Solovetsky - Artist E. N. Goryachev. Moscow School uye akava nomukurumbira nokuti paakasika nyika yokutanga miziyamu Solovetsky kudzidzira - achibatsirwa ari mhare pachavo uye mudzidzisi wacho uye mudzidzi nechido. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti basa rinokosha musangano rake rakaita Koshanda - the Communist Youth Union vaiita kwete chete anoparadzirwa, asiwo (kune mukuru kumwero) dzidzo yetsika uye nyika. Museum akazviratidza muna 1983, uye kusvikira 2012 zvakanzi inotungamirwa Captain 1st Rank (Ret) N. V. Osokin - yaimbova Solovetsky Jung.

"Ndaisafunga, mamwe masoja, kuti musi yungah rakazaruka Museum", - Akanyora ichi chiitiko mmusik V. V. Mazura. nhetembo yake yakava Mashoko ose nzvimbo iyi yakasiyana nedzimwe.

Happy Anniversary, mamwe masoja!

Muna 2017, ivo 75th musi unoenderana Solovki kudzidzira chikoro. Mhemberero panyaya dzakaitwa muMoscow, Arkhangelsk uye, chokwadi, iri Solovki. Mumakore achangopfuura, njodzi ekare vadzidzi (13 vavo zvino vanogara arhangelogorodschine) uye chikoro pacharo Solovetsky Arkhangelsk Jung uye utungamiriri hwake rinoda chaizvo. In yakatarwa mhemberero yakaitwa kunofanira kuyeukwa musangano chetsika pakati kudzidza shoma yasara. remunharaunda Kutarisirwa akatanga kutaura nezvokukosha asike Solovki Museum uye chirangaridzo.

Chaizvoizvo - zvinofanira kuva Solovetsky Islands, apo vakomana kuchikoro vaigara, kunyara kuti munhau iyi vakapa kuvamumwe Moscow. Kunyanya zvino kuti utungamiriri kuitika Solovetsky wemamongi ndohwaJehovha kutanga kuumba Tsangamidzi Museum nokunzwisisa uye rutsigiro. Chakadaro chikonzero chakanaka mamongi vanobvumirana zvishoma "danho" uye kupa chero rubatsiro mune zvesayenzi uye sangano basa.

Uye unogona kuva aberekwazve uye chikoro pacharo. Purezidhendi weRussia akatuma pa uchatamisa zvimwe zvivako Marine kadheti Corps kuti zvakare kuna Solovki pamusoro Matare Russian vakanga umhare Solovki kabhini mukomana. Ndiani anoziva. Zvichida nyaya yakakurumbira kudzidzira Solovetsky chikoro hachisi pamusoro ...