Saprophytes - a ... Mushrooms saprophitic

Nyika mhenyu mupfumi uye zvakasiyana-siyana. Sokuziva, rakakamurwa umambo huna: utachiona, zvinomera, mhuka uye hunokuvadza. Kwemapoka aya rakakura Mipata. Asi pane pakati pavo uye chinhu zvakafanana Somuenzaniso, pane saprophytes uye tupukanana imwe neimwe nzvimbo. Ngationgororei izvi zvose zvizere.

Kuparadzana zvipenyu pamusoro mhando zvokudya

Ose muviri mhenyu kuti rive nechokwadi chekuenderera kuvapo zvinoda kupinda kubva kunze zvimwe zvinhu kana simba. Pfungwa kudyiwa zvinhu izvi zvinonzi simba.

By nzira zvokudya zvose zvipenyu zviri rakakamurwa mhando mbiri:

• autotrophs;
• heterotrophs.

Autotrophs - zvinenge vaikwanisa vakazvimiririra kubereka zvakakodzera kwavari makemikari nyaya kubva inorganic. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvakawanda zvinomera zvinobereka zvokudya zvavo kubva carbon dioxide inobvisa uye mvura uchishandisa rezuva simba.

Heterotrophic - kuva vanoda makagadzirira akagadzirwa Organic zvinhu. Ichi guru boka zvipenyu mukati iro rakapa mumwe uremu classifications. Heterotrophs akakamurwa Biotroph uye saprotroph. Wokutanga chikafu zvipenyu: mhuka kana zvirimwa. Ivo zvinosanganisirawo uye tupukanana kunge dzakashandisa hupenyu hwemhando iyi, kana tenzi wavo zvose kwavari uye zvokudya, uye imba.

Saprotrophs chete mushoma zvokudya kubva zvisikwa vakafa kana vavo secretions (kusanganisira mutsvina yadzo). boka iri zvinosanganisira utachiona, zvinomera, notumwe (saprophytes) uye kunyange mhuka (saprophagous). Ivowo, akakamurwa akasiyana: detritus (detritus-kudya), necrophages (ukuparadze mhuka akafa), coprophagous (kudya mutsvina yadzo) uye vamwe.

tsananguro

Shoko chakumbirwa kubva mumwe mutauro, kana kuti, zviri kubatanidzwa maviri echiGiriki okuti: sapros - "yakaora" uye phyton - "chirimwa". In zvipenyu saprophytes - a notumwe, zvinomera uye utachiona zvinoshandiswa sezvo miti zvokudya uye mhuka necrotic rinenge uyewo avo dzinounzwa vari nedanho tsvina. Vari akatambanudza zvose pamusoro penzvimbo - mumvura, pasi, mhepo, uye mitumbi zvipenyu.

Kakawanda saprophytes - vanhu kuti havasi kukuvadza tenzi wake. Murume haana kunyange kuziva akawandisa tusingaoneki akasiyana kuri kuramba paganda rake uye mukati muviri, pasina anokonzera chero chirwere. Zvisinei, achifuridzirwa kunaka zvinhu (akaderedza kutapata, imwe kunyanya kuwedzera kwenhamba utachiona) pamusoro, zvinhu zvinogona kuchinja, uye saprophytes zvinogona kukonzera zvirwere zvinotapukira.

Living nyika

Saprophytes kugara nzvimbo inokosha iri kutenderera kwenyaya zvakasikwa muchinamatira kunzwisisa Organic zvinhu kupinda nyore, tidying nyika kubva zvitunha zvemhuka kuora. Ndoupi uyu boka agare achingoshanda? Kakawanda chaizvo munyika saprophytes. Mienzaniso yaro anogona kuwanikwa nomumwe kunyikadzimu. Vari zvakasiyana akawanikwa pakati utachiona (kuroora-celled majemusi), kusanganisira notumwe (nokuvhuvha kune notumwe kuparadzwa nevanhu sezvo chikafu), pakati zvirimwa (algae kuti maruva miriwo yakadai orkideat).

Pakati mhuka pane saprophytes (mienzaniso izvo tinodeedza). Asi zvino vaizova zvakawanda dzakarurama kudana saprotroph kana saprophagous. In mhuka nyika kuti saprophytes dzimwe tupukanana (zvipembenene, namazvizvi zvipembenene, kozheedy, ari mazana enhunzi nezvimwe tumbuyu), earthworms, crustaceans zhinji (crayfish, amphipods pasi). Pakati zvikuru vamiririri fauna of vari shiri (rarira, magora, magora), hove uye zvakasiyana-siyana mhuka (mapere, mabheya, uye zvose, vane kudya zvakaora).

Utachiona-saprophytes

Utachiona - ndizvo duku zvipenyu tizvirangarire chete nemaikorosikopu ine simba kwazvo, kuwedzera nemazana nguva. Uye kunyange zvavo upenyu munhu haagoni kuona navo, kubata nemigumisiro basa ravo kuti zuva nezuva. Saka, kuonga kwavari kunogona kuvapo nomukaka zvinhu uye waini. Uye apo mamwe mabhakitiriya kukonzera zvirwere, vamwe vavo vauye zvichivabatsira murume.

Izvi zvinosanganisira Somuenzaniso, vamwe coliform utachiona uye bifidobacteria kuti vararame zvomudumbu dzevanhu turakiti. Vanobatsira muviri Sechipanji zvinovaka muviri uye kurwa pathogenic kasvisto.

Plants saprophitic

Kunyange zvazvo miti uye autotrophs (ndiko, ivo kusika vega simba tichibatsirwa chezuva), izvi hakutadzisi vazhinji vavo kuti panguva iyoyo kusvikira pamwero uye saprophytes. Nokuti kuvapo vachida kuva risiti pamusoro mamwe makemikari nyaya kubva muvhu.

Pakati zvinomera saprophytes - a chihenge, orkideat, Begoniaceae uye vamwe cacti, uye mosses zhinji, ferns uye algae.

howa saprophitic

Howa - vagari vakawanda vekare Nyika, nhoroondo dzavo odzokera makore asingasviki bhiriyoni imwe okuberekwa kwete. Vanoshamiswawo saka kujairika kuti kwenguva refu, nyanzvi dzezvinhu zvipenyu kugona kusarudza kupatsanura kwavo uye havana kuziva kuti umambo Vanotakura. Zvechokwadi, howa vane zvinhu cho zvose mhuka uye zvinomera. Somugumisiro, havana kunge dzinounzwa ari oga umambo.

Howa - a single- kana multi-celled vapenyu-heterotrophic zvinenge vane masero vane neerekitironi (eukaryotes). notumwe All vanopiwa Via kubvisa akapedza kubva dzakapoteredza kwezvakatipoteredza Organic zvinhu kare allocating solubilizing chaiwo makemikari, kureva. E. kugaya kunoitika kunze kwomuviri.

By nzira zvokudya howa akakamurwa rwakafara mapoka matatu: tupukanana, symbionts uye saprophytes. Kupesana uku kuri kuri dzimwe kunzvimbo. Tupukanana kuziva upenyu zvimwe zvinhu zvipenyu (kana kunyange mukati), zvachose nokuda kudya navo. Pakati dzinodyiwa chakuvhe chisvetasimba anozivikanwa tose inofungidzira kuti nzvimbo.

Howa symbiotic semugere tichiregeredza nezvimwe zvinhu, asi panguva imwe chete uye vabatsirwe kwavari, sarudza mashoko anodiwa zvicherwa uye marara tsvina. Pakati pavo, chena howa, boletus, greasers, safuroni, boletus, Mokhovikov nevamwe vazhinji.

Notumwe kuti Tidzidze makemikari nyaya zvasara kubva miti akafa uye mhuka kana dzavo secretions vanonzi saprophytes. Mienzaniso notumwe zvokuti tiri vanoziva: morels, mitsetse, howa, raincoats. Uyewo chikamu ichi tiri vazhinji notumwe, kukanganisa zvinhu.

Kuti maximize kupa vane yokuwana zvokudya pachavo, howa izvi vane chivako chakakodzera - refu uye simba mycelium, zvakazara achinyatsotaurira imwe dzinodyiwa substrate kwavari.

zvikwekwe saprophitic

Izvi zvinenge duku - vavakidzani tichikurukura kuti vanogara mumba muguruva. Akawanda, vari kurudyi pamubhedha yedu - mumoyo mutsamhiro, nemamatiresi uye magumbezi. By pachavo, havakwanisi kukuvadza, nekuti havadi kuruma vanhu uye musatakura chero zvirwere. Zvisinei, avo metabolic zvinogona kuva nengozi nokuti vanhu vane Kurwara.

Saprophytes uye tupukanana vanokwanisa vari pfupi nguva zvakazara kudzorera uwandu hwevanhu yavo, saka regai kudzinga nzira, achivimbisa azere Kuraswa pavo. At kuchengetwa chikuru utsanana (mbatya, nenguva yaitsiva nemamatiresi uye mutsamhiro, akanyorova kuchenesa) anogona kuramba uwandu inokuvadza mites saprophytes ari kufamba pamwero utano.

mhedziso

Sezvatadzidza, saprophytes - ndivo zvipenyu inotsigira kuvapo kwayo nokuda kudyiwa makemikari zvinhu akafa. Vazhinji vavo hazvikuvadzi, vazhinji anobatsira uye vashoma ndivo ngozi. Chero zvakanga, kuvapo kwavo zvakasikwa zvakakodzera, zvavanokupai kuchovha kwenyaya uye simba, pasina iro upenyu kuti hadzinganzwi.