S-125 "Neva": design, kuita unhu, kugadziriswa

S-125 "Neva" - Anti-ndege zvinoita zvokukandwa hurongwa (ADMS), zvenguva pfupi, kugadzirwa muna USSR. Aina shanduro zvakaoma rinonzi "Pechora". Mune kupatsanura pakati NATO, inonzi SA-3 Goa. On maoko USSR zvakaoma rakagamuchirwa muna 1961. The chikuru yokuvaka kuti SAM akaita NPO "Almaz" anonzi Raspletina. Nhasi tichatarisa nhoroondo SAM "Neva" uye ayo nokurondedzerwa.

nyaya

Air kuzvidzivirira chombo hurongwa yaiva chikamu kwokudzivirira USSR uye yakanyorerwa kudzivirira maindasitiri neechiuto kwezvivako kubva ekushandiswa upi mhando achishandisa mhepo kurwiswa, dzichibhururuka panguva svikiro uye yakaderera altitudes. It kunogona bhomba, vanodzima, multipurpose ndege uye rwendo zvombo pamwe kuputsanya kunyatsoshanda anopfuura 0.2 mamita ^2.

Development kwakatanga muna SAM NGO "Diamond" muna 1956 pakupindura pakasikwa ndege, zvinobudirira kushanda panguva yakaderera altitudes. The hwokugadzira Basa mazano kunzwisisa zvakaburitswa mukana kuti neutralize huru dzichibhururuka ari nekukwirira 0.2 kusvika 5 km, pane zvakawanda kubva 6 kusvika 10 makiromita ari kumhanya 1500 km / h. Pakutanga yakatarwa miedzo ndakanga anoshanda chitundumuseremusere 5V24. tandem ichi akaratidza insufficiently zvinobudirira, saka basa akaita chimwezve chinodiwa - kugadziridza kuti itsva chombo 5V27, yakabatanidzwa pamwe gungwa "nefungu zvakaoma. Izvi mhinduro haina substantially hwakavandudzika waivako unhu (waivako maitiro) wegadziriro. Muna 1961, zvakaoma vakanga vagamuchirwa, pasi rokuti S-125 "Neva".

Mune ramangwana, kamwe munyika harina chakagadziridzwa. Nhengo dzayo zvaisanganisira midziyo hwokubata kukanganiswa GSHM, kuona huru kutsauswa PRR, zvitupa, mutsindo kuzvidzora, uyewo kugadzwa kwokunze chiratidzo SRP. Nokuda kuvandudzwa design, SAM akakwanisa neutralize huru dziri kure kusvika 17 makiromita.

Muna 1964, rimwe modernized shanduro SAM rakagamuchirwa pasi zita S-125 "Neva-M". Aina shanduro chokugadza rinonzi "Pechora". Kubva 1969 akatanga kupa zvakaoma muna Warsaw Treaty nyika. Papera chete gore, kupa S-125 akatanga mune dzimwe nyika, dzakadai Afghanistan, Angola, Algeria, Hungary, Bulgaria, India, Korea, Cuba, Yugoslavia, Ethiopia, Peru, Siriya, uye vamwe vakawanda. Saizvozvowo 1964 mumaoko rakazoshandiswa 5V27 chombo dzakabudirira ICD "tochi.

Muna 1980, mumwe kuedza wechipiri uye wokupedzisira modernize zvakaoma. Sezvo chikamu mazuvaano pakati vagadziri akauya

1. Shandura zvombo nhungamiro chiteshi ane zvokuvamba digitaalinen Database.
2. Dzika decoupling chombo uye chipfuro mugero kuburikidza kutungamirira vaviri kuzvidzora zvechitima. Izvi zvaiita kuti kuwedzera kunonyanyisa kuwanda kukundwa zvitundumuseremusere kune makiromita 42, nokushandisa nzira "preemption zvizere."
3. Dzika mugero homing zvombo.

Nokuda nezvokunetseka kuti shanduro "Neva" kudzivirira kugadzirwa itsva S-300P akatsanangura vaitaura vasagamuchirwe. Iye zvino, shanduro zvakaoma, izvo akagamuchira rokuti C-125-2, kana "Pechora-2".

mamiriro

The hurongwa ine mhepo kudzivirira chombo hurongwa, uye pose-kuti-mhepo chombo hwokugadzira izita rinoreva.

SAM zvinosanganisira nevasori dzakadaro:

1. Radar (RLS) SNR125M nokuda chipfuro Tracking uye kutungamirirwa zvombo pamusoro payo. Radar riri Trailers maviri. Mumwe ndiye UNK kabhini utariri uye mune dzimwe - kanyanga pambiru. SNR125M anoshanda pamwe radar uye terevhizheni migero rutsigiro, mune Chinyorwa kana otomatiki modes. The yemapurisa zvinonyorwa vakapakata otomatiki pokutangira mudziyo APP-125, izvo inorondedzera miganhu njodzi nzvimbo zvombo, uyewo Coordonatele ari chitundumuseremusere nechinangwa musangano. Uyezve, akasarudza kutanga basa.
2. Chombo bhatiri randinogara launchers mana 5P73 yokutevedzera, imwe neimwe iri vakapakata 4 zvombo.
3. Energy zvitengeswa gadziriro ina Diesel-emagetsi pazviteshi zviri kuparadzira uye kabhini.

utungamiri

The yakaoma vaviri-inoshandiswa uye chete-mugero chombo kubaya. The muvengi chinhu anogona kunhonga zvombo zviviri chete. Uyezve, pamwe SAMs inogona vakavhiyiwa radars kuti vasabatwa uye kukanganiswa, muenzaniso P-12 kana P-15. Mari Complex inoiswa Semi-Trailers uye Trailers, uye ukama pakati pavo Via netambo.

Kugadzirisa Dambudziko ichi, sezvo kusikwa yakaderera kukwira chombo hurongwa, zvinodiwa vagadziri womusangano mhinduro. Ichi chaiva chikonzero ichi kujairika pakuonekwa kanyanga installation.

Kuti rova atambudzwe, panguva chinhambwe 10 km riri uye inobhururuka imwe nokumhanya 420 m / s, pane imwe kukwirira 200 m, zvakakodzera nokuparura munhu chombo panguva apo kubaya riri chinhambwe 17 km. A kubatwa uye Tracking kuti kurwisa kutanga vose chinhambwe 24 km. Panyaya iyi, iyo vasabatwa siyana kudaro pasi kukwira huru inofanira kubva 32 kusvika 35? Km tichitarira nguva inodiwa kuti dopoisk. Pakadaro, pakona rimwe chipfuro nzvimbo panguva kuonekwa chete 0,3 °, uye nokutora pane autofollow - anenge 0,5 °. Panguva dzakadaro dzinoita duku iri kunooneka radar chiratidzo kubva pasi nhungamiro yemapurisa akapfuudza chiratidzo kunooneka kubva chipfuro. Kuderedza yaizvozvi, C-125 vakagadzirira vaviri kanyanga enyika. Wokutanga wavo - haina tarisa, zviri kukonzera kuti vagamuchire uye kuparadzira. Uye chechipiri - tarisei - anoita chete mabiko.

Kana tichishanda yakaderera altitudes zvinoparadzira kanyanga yakatarwa panguva 1 °. Saka wokutepfenyurisa irradiates pamusoro penyika chete kurutivi lobes yacho kanyanga chati. Izvi kunoderedza chiratidzo kunooneka kubva pasi kakawanda. Kuderedza nangananga Tracking kukanganisa chokuita panowanikwa "specular kufungisisa" (inomiririra chipingaidzo pakati zvakananga uye multipath anonongedzera kubva muvhu chipfuro), vaviri vanogamuchira antennas ari ndege zvayaitenderera paguyo ne 45 ° kune chinjikira. Nokuda kwaizvozvi kanyanga romukova SAM uye anowana ayo noruzhinji chitarisiko.

Chimwe chinetso chokuita yakaderera kukwira ichibhururuka muvengi chipfuro, - kuvakwa MTI (zvinofamba chipfuro chakarurama), anogona izvo zvinobudirira chipfuro chiratidzo patsanura, pakati zvichiratidza simba kubva pasi uye chiratidzo ose marara. To izvi akasikwa cherezperiodnoe proofread achishandisa zano uchishanda yakasimba UDL (ultrasonic kunonoka mitsetse).

Parameters wainyatsotaura MTI zvikuru kusapfuudza parameters vose vakararama huripo radar anoshanda pulsed nemwaranzi. Kudzvinyirira mheremhere kunobva pusa zvinhu rinosvika 33-36 db. Kuti kudzikamisa kudzokororwa nguva yacho inoda kufunga pulses, kuti synchronizer zvinoenderana kuti kunonoka mutsetse. Gare gare zvikazooneka kuti chisarudzo ichi ndechimwe zvazvakashatira yemapurisa, sezvo haikwani kushandura kudzokororwa kakawanda kuti vorega kubva zvechivhurumukira ruzha. Kuderedza jamming hurongwa kusvetuka wokutepfenyurisa maitikiro zvapiwa, kunoitika muna chiitiko kuti kukanganiswa kwazvo akafanorongerwa chechetere.

chombo mudziyo

Pamusoro-to-mhepo chombo (SAM) 5V27 akakurukura ICD "tochi", aiva maviri-danho uye akavaka pamusoro aerodynamic configuration "Dhadha". Danho rokutanga chitundumuseremusere chinosanganisira yakasimba chitundumuseremusere booster; stabilizers zvina inodonha pashure pakutanga; uye peya airfoils yakarongwa unobatanidza mupanda uye zvakakodzera kuti mukuderedza kutiza nokukurumidza akisarareta pashure mumatanho chikamu. Pakarepo shure nhanho pasi hukawanika idzodzi dzinokudziridzwa, izvo rinobatanidza rinorema kutenderera, pakakoromoka pakudzikamisa inonyaradza uye pakupedzisira braking akisarareta wayo hwakazotevera kukodzera kuwa.

Danho rechipiri SAM anewo yakasimba-propellant injini. magadzirirwo ayo inoumbwa munhevedzano nezvikamu, izvo dziri: Control zviyero, fuze, vachirwa mukuru-putika kusabatana pamusoro-bhodhi zvokushandisa, injini uye mugamuchiri masimba mirayiro.

kutiza nzira kudzora chombo uye kutungamirirwa aro kubaya rinoitwa pachishandiswa redhiyo kuzvidzora, akashanda pamwe pasi radar nhungamiro. Kuputsa warhead kunoitika apo kuuya chombo kusvikira muvengi kupfura panguva imwe kure zvakakodzera redhiyo dzinodzorwa fuses chikwata. Zvinogonekawo kurerutsa chikwata pamwe kutungamirirwa chechitima.

Kutanga ukoritel anomhanyira maviri kusvika mana masekonzi, uye kufamba - kusvika mumasekonzi 20. The nguva inodiwa kuti chombo kwataisvika, - 49. Zadzisa zuri rinoshamisa riri 6 dzakabatana. The chombo unoshanda navanopinda tembiricha siyana - kubva - 40 ° kuti + 50 ° C.

Kana vakabata zvombo akatorwa mu-601P, ivo vagadziri vakatanga kushanda musi nemasimba Anti-ndege chombo hurongwa. matambudziko aya aisanganisira zvinotevera kuchinja: asi kutokonora huru kutamira pa aimhanya kusvikira 2500 km / h, akakunda transonic (kutamira ari kumhanya pedyo kumhanya inzwi) kurwisa pagungano kukwira pamusoro 18 km, uyewo wakawedzera ruzha kutapata uye vouta mukana.

chombo okunatsiridza

Kukura kwakadaro okunatsiridza zvombo zvakasikwa zvemichina:

1. 5V27G. Indekisi "T" anomirira "vakaiswa chisimbiso".
2. 5V27GP. "P" indekisi rinoratidza vasanyanye pedo kukundwa muganhu kusvikira 2.7? Km.
3. 5V27GPS. Index "C" rinoratidza kuvapo imwe pakusarudza Unit, kuderedza mukana wokuti otomatiki chiito kana fuze chiratidzo kufungisisa kubva yakapoteredza kumaruwa.
4. 5V27GPU. Indekisi "Y" zvinoreva kuti pane nokukurumidza prelaunch. Rutapudzo rokugadzirira nguva kunoitwa nokushandisa kune onboard midziyo kubva kumusoro voltage simba romugove, kana prelaunch kwadzinoita kudziyisa midziyo. Equipment prelaunch riri UNK kabhini, akapiwa runoenzanirana dzokororo.

okunatsiridza Vose zvombo anobudiswa panguva Kirov fekitari nhamba 32. Special kudzidzisa vashandi pamusoro chirimwa yaibereka kukura uye uremu, paradzanisa uye mhando dzidzo zvombo.

Tanga zvombo

The kanda rinoitwa kubva launcher (PU) womuenzaniso 5P73, iyo anonyengetedzwa pakukwirira kwaro uye azimuth. Chetyrehbalochnaya zvifambiswe launcher yakanga yakagadzirwa muna KB SM vachitungamirirwa BS Korobov. Pasina chassis uye gazootrazhateley inogona kuendeswa nemotokari YAZ-214.

Kana kupfura yakaderera ichibhururuka huru shoma pokutangira pakona of chombo kusvikira 9 °. Kuti adzivise kukurwa kwevhu akapoteredza launcher multi-sectional dzeraundi pasi rabha-metal unhani. PU ari vanopomerwa ngaatevedzane maviri chokufambisa-kuchaja michina, yakavakwa pamusoro mujinga žil-131 žil-157 pamwe kunowedzerwa maneuverability.

Power chiteshi akanga akatakurwa achiburitswa kunze kushandisa Mobile transformer substation, akatasva kumashure turera. Stations njere uye kukanganiswa pamusoro P-mhando uye P-12 nm 15 aigarira zvionera simba manyuko BP-10-T230.

Rupi ndege chirevo radar wevaindibvunzurudza.

mazuvaano

Mukutanga kwema1970, Anti ndege zvinoita zvokukandwa yakaoma "Neva" akanga modernized. Kuvandudza Radar midziyo akabvumira kuwedzera ruzha kutapata panguva pamberi zvinangwa uye kurapa imwe chitundumuseremusere. Nemhaka pakatanga zvokushandisa, "Karat-2" aiendeswa terevhizheni-Manyiminya kuona uye rutsigiro, mukana kuperekedza uye kunotutirwa muvengi kunangwa pasina radar nemwaranzi munzvimbo dzakapoteredza nzvimbo. Achitaurazve chipfuro mugero wokutepfenyurisa rakatakurwa kanyanga pambiru. Basa iri ndege vachipindira akanga yekudyidzana kuderedzwa yakapiwa ziso kuonekwa.

Panguva iyoyo yakanga iri Manyiminya sighting chiteshi uye utera. In ramakore ezvinhu, uye kana kuonekwa nenzira zuva kana kuvapo rakagadzirwa nevanhu chiedza panobva akatasva muvengi mundege, gwara kushanda zvakanaka kunodzikira zvinoshamisa. Mukuwedzera, pamberi terevhizheni-Manyiminya nzira vaisagona kupa kudyara opareta pamusoro chinangwa date kwaasingasvikiri. Izvi ichikutadzisa pangave kusarudza nzira uye kutungamirirwa kwakaderedza kubudirira kurwisa nokukurumidza zvinangwa.

In yechipiri yezana 70 S-125 vakagamuchira midziyo, kuwedzera kushanda kushandiswa kwayo kana vachiridzira pane kurwisa kuchienderera yakaderera altitudes, uyewo pasi pose kunangwa. Uyewo, ivo dzakachinjwa chombo 4V27D akasikwa, izvo kuramba airspeed akabvumira kunotutirwa huru "Vatevere". Chombo urefu yakawedzera, uye mukanyiwa yakawedzera matani 0,98. Heavy SAM launcher vanopomerwa 3 zvidimbu. May 3, 1978 iine S-125M1 pamwe kanda shanduro 5V27D vava.

shanduro

Nokufamba okunatsiridza kunzwisisa zvinotevera okunatsiridza zvakaitwa.

Nokuti kwokudzivirira USSR:

1. S-125 "Neva". Basic shanduro imwe chombo 5V24 vanosanganisira kusvika 16 km.
2. S-125M "Neva-M". Zvakaoma kugamuchira 5V27 zvombo uye yakawedzera kusvika 22 km kure.
3. C-125M1 "Neva-M1." Rakasiyana shanduro "M" wakawedzera ruzha kutapata uye zvombo zvitsva 5V27D zvingangoita kurwiswa achitevera.

Nokuti Soviet Navy:

1. M-1 "Wave". Ship analogue shanduro C-125.
2. M-1M "Wave-M." Ship analogue shanduro C-125M.
3. M-1P "P-wave". Ship analogue shanduro C-152M1, pamwe kuwedzera Telesystems 9SH33.
4. M-1h. "Wave-H '. The akaoma ndehwokuti kurwisa yakaderera-ichibhururuka RCC.

For ekisipoti:

1. "Pechora". Export shanduro SAM "Neva".
2. "Pechora-M." Kwekurasira musimboti SAM "Neva-M".
3. "Pechora-2M". Export shanduro SAM "Neva-M1."

S-125 "Pechora-2M" achiri kuwanika mune dzimwe nyika.

zvinoitwa

Basic tactical uye michina zvechadenga SAM "Neva":

1. Range kukundwa dzakakwirira - 0,02-18? Km.
2. Kunonyanyisa siyana vakakurirwa - 11-18 km zvichienderana mumhu.
3. The ndingangokuvara kurova kubaya imwe chitundumuseremusere - 0.25.
4. Autolock nguva Tracking kuti kurwisa - 8.
5. Kushanda muoti kutanga mudziyo - Semi-zvokuzvisarudzira.
6. Urwu nguva date - 7.
7. Achatanda Kururama musangano pfungwa - 1.5-3? Km.
8. Kure pakati nepakati nzvimbo uye masimba kabhini - 20 m.
9. Kure pakati kabhini uye kudzorwa Starter - 70 m.
10. Chombo kureba - 5948 mm.
11. The dhayamita the 1st pavaipfuura chitundumuseremusere - 552 mm.
12. The dhayamita pamusoro 2nd pavaipfuura chitundumuseremusere - 379mm.
13. Kutanga uremu zvombo - 980 makirogiramu.
14. Ndege havukavu zvombo - kusvika 730 m / s.
15. Kufadza bvumidzwa kumhanya kubaya - mamita 700 / s.
16. Weight ane chombo - 72 makirogiramu.

udzvanyiriri

SAM-125 pasi zvenguva kushandiswa siyana zvechiuto kurwisana vemo mhando. Muna 1970, 40 battalions kuti "Neva" pamwe vashandi veSoviet vakaenda kuIjipiti. Ikoko, vanokurumidza vakaratidza kuti. In Soviet SAM 16 firings akagogodza uye zvakakanganisa 9 3 ndege Israeli. Pashure paizvozvo, vakuru neSuez yacho chibvumirano.

Muna 1999, panguva NATO utsinye pamusoro Yugoslavia, kuti S-125 pakupedzisira kushandiswa muhondo. Pakazosvika mavambo ruvengo Yugoslavia ane 14 S-125 mabhatiri uye 60 launchers. Vamwe vavo vakanga vakapakata terevhizheni makamera uye Laser rangefinders, izvo akabvumira pamoto zvombo pasina kukanganiswa. Kunyange zvakadaro, zvinonyatsorehwa kushanda kuti hurongwa yaishandiswa Yugoslavia kwave vasanyanya nokuti kuti vari pedyo panguva murayiro ndiye nderechinyakare uye uchida kugara yokuzvigadzirisa. Vazhinji zvombo rakashandiswa Kuronga S-125, residual upenyu hwaiva razero.

zvemagetsi countermeasures nzira idzo NATO masimba vakaratidza kuti kubudirira zvikuru pavanotaurirana wokuRussia chombo enyika. Combat-vakagadzirira kuguma kunetsana pamberi kwaiva vaviri chete battalions vasere S-125, kushanda munharaunda Belgrade. Kuti kuderedza marwadzo, "Neva" pamapoka akashandiswa radar yavo 23-25 seconds. Iyi nguva penguva akanga dzaona kubudikidza mudonzvo rokutanga kurasikirwa kana atarisana NATO Anti-radar zvombo KUTIKUVADZA. Masvomhu kuti chombo gadziriro aifanira rwatenzi rinoshamisa akavanzika, dzikapfeka dzose kuchinja nzvimbo uye kupfura kuti "vakavandira." Somugumisiro, ndicho S-125, TTC izvo takawongorora, akakwanisa kuzoposhera pasi American murwi F-117.