Raibhurari inonzi ainzi Lermontov. Penza kunyanya kudada neimba itsva

Iraibhurari uye yemitambo ndiyo masangano ekutanga emitambo yakatanga mu III mireniyamu BC uye yakapona kusvikira panguva yedu. Kuberekwa kwemaibhurari ekutanga ndiyo mararamiro ekare eChina neEgypt. Panharaunda yeEurope, mabhesi ekutanga mabhuku anosanganisira mabhuku eBhabhironi neKuta.

Metamorphoses yelaibhurari

Kwemazana emakore, raibhurari uye mabasa ayo akachinja zvikuru. Kubva, chaizvoizvo, bhuku rekuisa mari (iro, iro izwi rinoshandurwa kubva kuGiriki), rakapedza nguva yakareba yekushumira kune vanhu vakuru. Zvadaro, sezvo sangano rezvematongerwe enyika rakagadzirwa, rakava sangano rehurumende rinosvikeka kune dzose dzevanhu. Basa rayo guru nderokuwana ruzivo rwakazara mumativi ose ehuzivo, kusimbisa uye kuchengetedza tsika nemagariro evanhu munzanga.

Dyara zvinonzwisisika, zvakanaka, zvisingaperi ...

Ichi chinangwa chepamusoro chinoshumira, seimwe yeimwewo, raibhurari inonzi zita reLermontov. Penza - guta riri munharaunda yeRussia - inonyanya kuzvikudza.

Uye chipi nechipi chinoshanduka chinoitika munharaunda yekukurukurirana, mabhuku ekurasikirwa acharamba aripo pakati pehupenyu hwemagariro eguta chero ripi zvaro, iro risingakwanisi kufungidzira pasina ivo. Mamiriro ezvinhu ekushandira vashanyi, urongwa hwekuverenga nzvimbo huchachinja, hutenga hutsva hunotora nzvimbo yekare, asi raibhurari iyo seinoisa pfungwa uye inobva ruzivo ichachengetedza basa rayo kwenguva yakareba. Utapiyanzvi hutsva hunoda zvivako zvitsva kana kuvakazve zvekare, izvo, sekutonga, zvine nhoroondo uye yakagadziriswa.

Kuonekwa kweguta kugona nzvimbo yekuverenga

Itaibhurari yakanzi zita raLermontov. Penza yakavaka chivakwa chakanakisisa nekuda kwekuzvikudza kwayo - guta book depository, iyo muna 1992 yakave nemakore zana. Pakutanga kwenhoroondo, Lermontov City Society yakashandisa imba yemudzimai wemunyori wezvematunhu EM Vakulenko kuti avhure pano muna 1892 imba yekuverengera vanhu, yava kunzi Lermontov Library. Penza anofunga zuva rokutanga rokubvisa mabhuku kuvanhu veguta - Gumiguru 2, 1892 - musi wekugadzwa kweguta book depository. Mumugwagwa weMoscow, 7 - nzvimbo iyo raibhurari yakagara makore anopfuura 9. Zvadaro paiva nekufamba kune imwe imba yakawanda yemapuranga ye junker chamber AP Dubenskiy.

Chido chekuvaka chivakwa chakasiyana

Tichifunga kuti hakuna imba kana imba yeimba inogona kuva raibhurari yeguta, kunyange kana chete nekuda kwehukuru uye mararamiro, iro Lermontov Society yeguta racho rakapa mari kubva kuBelinsky Foundation kuvaka chivako chakanaka cheraibhurari yeguta. Nokuda kweizvi, mari yakave yakabva kubva mujubheri rejubheri rebhuku rakatsaurirwa kune makore makumi mashanu ekufa kweVissarion Belinsky, wekuzvarwa munzvimbo idzi. Muna 1909, Penza City Duma yakasarudza kupa nzvimbo yekuvaka imba yemabwe. Muna 1910 basa racho rakagadziriswa, nzvimbo yakagoverwa pasina mu 472 fathoms square uye 80 000 maRuble ane gore rinotevera, kwemakore gumi, kubhadharazve kwe 4,000 kwekuvakwa kwechivako, izvo kusvikira kusvitsa kwechivako chitsva chemazuva ano muna 2012 chaiva mabhuku eLermontov. Penza akazvishongedza nemutsva, akanaka, kusangana zvose zvinodiwa nenguva iyo zvitunha.

Mharidzo yenguva

Nhasi, kune makamuri, nguva yekuedzwa yakasvika. Kuchinja kwakaitika munharaunda yekukurukura kunobvunza mibvunzo inokosha kwavari. Zvakakosha kukudziridza mafungiro matsva ekufambisa, izvo zvinofanira kutungamirira kumakadhi ekuchinja. Kana zvisina kudaro, mabhuku ekuraibhurari achava archives. Nokudaro, kuitira kuti arege kurasikirwa nemudzidzi, bhuku re depositories harisi kungoita zvishoma nezvishoma, asiwo kubatanidza pamakamuri avo masangano ehurumende akasiyana uye zvinhu zvetsika pamwe nechinangwa chekutora laibrasi munzvimbo yakawanda yehupfumi hunooma. Nguva dzose zvinetso zvinopindurwa zvakakwana neraibhurari yemazuva ano inonzi ainzi Lermontov. Penza akazvipira kusvika kuvaka kuvaka chivako chitsva, chiri muArbekovo, kuyambuka kunharaunda yeOktyabrsky yeguta.

Nguva itsva - mamiriro matsva

Chivako chitsva chemahombekiti ane nzvimbo yose ye 25 000 square mita. M Mhuri yakanyatsogadziriswa yesayenzi uye nhare yezvivaraidzo panguva imwe chete. Inzvimbo yekuraibhurari uye yekuverenga, imba yekunyora magetsi uye raibhurari ye digital, nzvimbo yevana yekuziva uye nzvimbo huru yemakonti, cinema uye cafe inonyatsowanikwa munzvimbo yayo. Pakati peguta racho, mune imwe imba yekare yekuvakira paBelinsky Street, 10, paiva neraibhurari yevasingaoni uye vasina kuona, makirasi ekudzidzisa kudzidzira makombiyuta, rimwe reraibhurari rekune imwe nyika uye nehofisi yekunyora yepepanhau Sura, Lermontov. Penza aisagona kugovana neimba yekare, iyo inobatanidza nehupenyu hwezvizvarwa zvakawanda zvevanhu.