Pun muenzaniso. Pun mumutauro Russian. Shoko rokuti "pun"

mutauro Russian iri chinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakawanda. Izvi zvinoreva kuti, kufanana Semi-anokosha muzuva, mamwe mashoko mairi anogona kuitwa kuti "nomuimbirwo" itsva, tisingatarisiri noruvara zvaanoreva. Mumwe mabhuku mano, vachibvumira kuzivisa kupfuma mutauro, ake okugadzira zvinhu, ndiko pun. Mienzaniso iyi anofadza uye rakasiyana Chiitiko ichi chichange kuenzanisirwa munyaya ino.

Mabviro

Meaning weshoko "pun" achiri kunokonzera wandei gakava. Pane akasiyana nzira kuti pakunzi pfungwa iyi: calembourg, calambour. Zvinonzi kunge rakabva German shoko Kalauer, kwakabva izvo kunomutsa mibvunzo. Kune vashoma nhoroondo anecdotes, iyo chokuita neshoko "pun" siyana nhoroondo chaizvoizvo uye unhu:

• Maererano neimwe shanduro, muguta German Kalemberge kamwe akararama Weigand of Teben mufundisi, inozivikanwa kwayo witty majee.
• Maererano neimwe pfungwa, mabhuku unyanzvi ainzi pashure Count Kalanbera (Kalemberga), uyo akararama panguva yaitonga Louis XIV muParis.
• Panewo zvokufungidzira kuti chiratidzo "pun" anodzokera rokuItari mashoko «calamo burlare», zvinoreva "chinosekesa kunyora."

tsananguro

Pun - chaicho mudziyo, ichipa enyambo mugumisiro. It kunokwanisika nokushandisa imwe akapoteredza:

• rinoreva zvakawanda veshoko, akadai: Basa magumo, asi nguva dzose hakuna kukwana kuti munhu ari bhurukwa ake. (Malkin);
• zvakafanana vachiridza mashoko uye mashoko anoreva zvakasiyana, akadai: makore zana kukura / nesu pasina zera (Mayakovsky).

Tsanangudzo iyi zvinoda vamwe kunyatsotsanangura.

Chekutanga, dzimwe nguva handizvo kwakavakirwa inzwi, uye pamusoro kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro napedyo mashoko pun. Muenzaniso mutsara afunga A. Knyshevym: "Zvose mumba yakabiwa, uye kunyange mhepo zvimwe stale".

Chechipiri, nzira iyi hapasi kureva enyambo kushanda. Dzimwe rinoshandiswa kuumba satirical uye akashungurudzwa coloring rugwaro. Mienzaniso pun mumutauro Russian, anoumbwa ane zvakafanana chinangwa:

Ko iwe

Kwete kubva nechando rokuungudza

Pamwe dugout?

Uye urege kuwa nokuneta?

Hatina kurara zvakanaka zvokudya pamusoro inodziya kuwa? (Khlebnikov).

kana:

Ndakafunga aiva komuredhi,

Iye hwakaipisisa chisikwa chete (N. Glazkov).

caesura tsika

Pun nguva dzose rinoshandiswa yokunzvenga raivapo kusenza uye kuratidza nezvaanoreva zviri zvaisambobvumirwa. Kune mhando ina kushandisa mabhuku kugamuchira vakadaro.

1. Pun aida unoreva zvakawanda. Dzimwe nguva rimwe zvarinoreva izvi zvinonyadzisa. Munyori zvakakodzera, sezvo akanga akavanzwa shure tsanzira mubatanidzwa mashoko, achiti: "? Uye apo ini Ichi mutauro wedu wakagadzwa saka"
2. Anonyevera mashoko kubva fashoni pashure remakore rechi18. Kuti tivhare munhu didactic matauriro, mazuva ano aiwanzoshandisa anosetsa mashoko. Uye pano rubatsiro chaizvo akapa pun. Muenzaniso mumwe witty uye anorayiridza Mutsara inogona shoko afunga N. Glazkov: Vemhosva uyewo kunotungamirira zvakanaka, asi zvinosuwisa kuti mutorwa. murayiro Old "Usaba" pano inova mufashoni kavha.
3. Dzimwe chiduku quibble zvifukidziro, meno ndokuhwadzira chokwadi. Somuenzaniso, mune hwekare chinosekesa, yakaitwa muna nenguva kurega kunotanga, mumwe vaiita itsva pfungwa kuti mhiri kwemakungwa vanhu vari nani pane ari USSR. Vanhu chimire tungamidzana, mutorwa ari kuziva zvavanenge kutengesa. Ivo vakapindura, vakati kwaari: "bhutsu kukandwa". Pashure Tikanyatsoongorora nhumbi, mumwe mugari mumwe nyika inobvumirana: "Tinokurudzirwawo kuraswa."
4. Nyaya pamberi pedu mabhuku zano rinogona dzimwe nguva kuita chinoshamisa, dzimwe nguva penga pfungwa: Dawn akafanana mudzidzi akanaka; iye ari kuita mangwanani ose ( "Satyricon" magazini).

marudzi puns

Hwaro pun nguva dzose nhema "kutamba mashoko" yakafanana iri inzwi kana zvaanoreva. Hazvina musoro kuti vagovere nzira pakasikwa mudziyo uyu chaiko mumapoka makuru matatu maererano hunhu kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro ukama pakati vaishandisa mutauro dzakabatana. Conventionally, vanogona kunzi "Vavakidzani", "The Mask" uye "mhuri."

1. "Vavakidzani". Author achingopiwa zvavo summation anokoshesa nzvanyira mashoko. Izvi zvinoita zvikuru "chinyakare" pun. D. Minaev raMwari mundima muenzaniso wakanaka: At kupikiniki pasi pomumvuri spruce / We vakanwa kupfuura akadya.
2. "Mask". Mashoko ari puns akadaro nawo polar zvarinoreva: Ndakadzidza zvakanaka kunzwa ruwadzano kuti ini popped ari mbabvu (Vladimir Vysotsky). The kamwe kamwe nako nayo kuti itangezve pakutanga zvinoreva chifukidzo zvinopa mukuru enyambo chaizvoizvo: Aida vakatambura uye. Aida mari uye akatambura kwokushaya kwavo (Petrov, I. Ilf).
3. "Family". Izvi kwakadai mabhuku mudziyo kuti anosanganisa zviri pamusoro mapoka maviri. Pano, zvinoreva mashoko payakakurudzirwa dhumhana, asi, zvinoreva wechipiri yakavanzika, usingatangi kukanzura rokutanga. puns Russian kuti muri kwakadai siyana chaizvo. Somuenzaniso: In okunze akaipa unogona kubhururuka kubva basa (Krotkiy Emil); Zvinobva kuna gwapa uye vatengi pachavo (Ad. "Satyricon" magazini).

mashandiro pamusoro Action

Edza kuongorora pfuma noruvara zvinoreva tsika pun - basa rakaoma, asi zvinonakidza chaizvo. Ngatitorei muenzaniso nyore chaizvo. Mutsara wokuti: "Akanga curled segwai, uye vakava" runobva kuna Emil Nounyoro. Azviziva munhu nazvo wekutanga takasununguka pagakava riri pasi "enyambo kuvhunduka" kubva mubatanidzwa mashoko pamutsara mumwe, "curled" uye "kukura." Ipapo anoziva kuti chiratidzo chechipiri, kusiyana wokutanga, chinomirira kwete mamiriro bvudzi, uye pasi kwazvo pamwero yenjere iri kumirirwa sangano. Pakupedzisira, munhu anorondedzerwa hana rwomunhu vazvidzisa, uye anofunga mufaro kubva chokwadi kuti haana drawback ichi.

Puns uye homonyms

Kazhinji, homonyms, kureva mashoko akafanana ari inzwi asi zvakasiyana zvaanoreva, kashoma rinowanikwa chete chechinyorwa. Pun - muenzaniso nesungano iyi mitauro chaiyo mukati chete zvinotaura. Nomazvo Shcherbina ari mudziyo uyu mabhuku homonyms "bang misoro yavo" uye nguva dzose kuti chii zvichireva "vakakunda". The puns - "Masiki" kutambura unofadza zvikuru. Pashure pezvose, mumwe zvadzaireva akapa zvachose anoparadza mumwe. Somuenzaniso: motokari ... inounganidzwa muhomwe akauyisa mamwe vanhu vane (Zhvanetskiy Michael). Kana: Cadres kusarudza zvose, asi pasina isu (Malkin Gennady).

Mhando homonyms, wakashandiswa pun

The ikapenya "kutamba mashoko" dzakasiyana-siyana marudzi homonyms.

Azere homonyms. Kana avo kushandiswa kazhinji witty chaizvo pun. Muenzaniso: Dancing - ndiwo kukweshera pakati pavo maviri wechitatu.

Homophones (mashoko kuridza chete asi akaperengerwa zvakasiyana). Mune rimwe lyceum epigrams vakawana mitsetse izvi: All vanoti: Hazvina Walter Scott / I, mudetembi, kwete munyengeri: / Ndinobvumirana, iye chete mombe / Asi Valter Skott - musazvitenda.

Homographs (mazwi pamwe chete chiperengo asi yakasiyana kusimbisa). Somuenzaniso:

Hapana

Reliable adhesions,

Chero bedzi pachine

Pokunamatidza uye brazing (Orlov).

Omoformy (mashoko rienderane chete mune mamwe marudzi). zviitiko akadaro kakawanda chaizvo majee: ari tomu nepahwindo. Stirlitz akapfura. Tomu akanyangarika (shoko "kurova" uye "dhiramu").

Homonymy zvirevo. Somuenzaniso: Field Rhymes - chaikosha yangu, / Uye nyore kunyora nhetembo I (Dmitry Minaev).

kutaura mutinhimira

The unoreva zvakawanda mashoko anoshandiswa pun anogona kusika netsa ezvinhu. Ndosaka achiti dzimwe nguva kumanikidzwa ruregerero nokuda involuntary pun. Kana paine kukodzera, "kutamba nemashoko," mashoma.

1. Dzimwe nguva kunoenderana munhu zvechadenga interlocutor. Bvumiranai kuti chipo curved kukurukurirana chiso nechiso, uye vanokamhina kushuma kuti mune dzimwe nzvimbo zivo, iye akaremara, kungopotsera mashoko chaizvo. Pane yezvinongoerekana pun. Jokes nezvazvo anogona kugumbura muteereri.
2. Zvinoitika kuti anotambudzika uye kukodzera pun zvauya kubva hunhu ezvinhu, wake mutambo kana dambudziko. Somuenzaniso, mashoko okuti "The kwenyika Armenia zvakashamisa zvose vanhu Soviet" nhasi sokuti rokumhura.

Chavanoziva puns nemabasa

Dzimwe nguva kwazvakarerekera mashoko anogona wairambidza nokuda panowanikwa achinyengera unoreva zvakawanda. Vachinyara mamiriro ezvinhu anogona kusika chavanoziva pun. Mienzaniso mabhuku kunoratidza kuti. Kruchenykh, Somuenzaniso, vakati kuti mutsara wokuti, "Uye nyika yenyu kuremedzwa nedanho" (Bruce) anorasikirwa zvose mutambo wayo kubva chokwadi chokuti anonzwa shoko "mbongoro".

In Nabokov kuti yokufungidzira "The Chipo" Konstantin (nyanduri) anoramba mutsetse chikamupenyera mumusoro mangu: ". Chipo yakachena uye Winged" Maererano naye, kuwadzana "mapapiro" uye "zvombo", involuntarily kuteerera mutongo uyu, hazvishandi. Ndiyo irrepressible tsika vamwe connoisseurs yomutauro wokuRussia.

Form uye kugutsikana

Kutaura kumanikidza zvimwe zvinodiwa mutauro. Mumwe wavo - chimiro uye kugutsikana. Vanhu vanofunga kuti anofanira kupfeka zvakasiyana nezvaanoreva zvakasiyana mitauro chimiro. Ndokusaka unoreva zvakawanda mashoko uye zvikamu zvemashoko ari pfungwa dzevanhu pave gangaidzo zvazviri uye anotendeuka kwaari muchimiro chinonakidza rezvedzidzo mutambo. Somuenzaniso, kutaura nguva dzose varambe vachifara kuti zviduku kuchinja Chiratidzo kukanganisa zvachose ayo pakutanga zvichinje. Shoko-puns vakanakidzwa mberi mukurumbira. Heano mamwe acho: shongwe chokupayona uye pervoopechatniku Monument (I. Ilf); Captain uye schnapps-mukuru (Anton Chekhov). kuedza izvi kupa ngochani yaizivikanwa mashoko rinoreva zvitsva zvarinoreva.

vatungamirire vanyori

Pun mumutauro Russian inowanzoshandiswa kuumba satirical uye enyambo kushanda. Aiziva vatenzi ounyanzvi ichi vanoonekwa Dmitry Minaev (remakore rechi19) uye Emil Vanyoro (kweSoviet). Pakati yokupedzisira pane puns ounyanzvi vechokwadi. Somuenzaniso, mune imwe wavo dzaanoridza tautology Russian chirevo yekare: "Zivo chiedza, kusaziva - rima '. Mune imwe nomazvo anorondedzera Narcissism inoganhurana megalomania, vamwe mabhuku nemifananidzo: ". Mudetembi kujairana patting kuCaucasus mu muzongoza ake" Chechitatu ndyaringo pamusoro mamiriro umo vanhu vanozviwana pasi pokudzora wokutanga unodziya zuva: "Spring kanenge munhu kuchaunza mupfungwa chando - uye akatanga.". An tenzi aibvuma pamusoro pun vaiona Kozma Prutkov. Ake witty aphorisms achiri manyoro uye akakodzera: "Zviri nyore kuti muruoko avo itsvo pane itsvo."

Nhoroondo Russian pun

Play mashoko akanga asiri husiri nyore kuwana zvakadaro Rus yekare. Zvinyorwa muunganidzwa zvirevo Russian, wakasikwa muzana remakore rechi18 P. Simone, pane puns dzakawanda. Pano mumwe wavo: "Isu ndikamwa Fili, hongu Fil chete urove."

mudziyo uyu Fashionable chaiko akaitwa yechipiri yezana remakore rechi19. Somuenzaniso, kuti puns uye majee pamusoro mumhino Russia munguva iyi vakanga vakawanda zvokuti mutsvakurudzi VV Vinogradov mu "zvoga zvokufananidzira," anodaro, "nosologicheskoy" mabhuku. Uyezve, mashoko okuti "kuenda pamwe mhino", "rinotungamirirwa mhuno", "ugoisa mhino yake" ari kushingaira kushandiswa mazuva edu.

Mienzaniso pun muna Russian zvinoratidza kuti zvakasiyana Category wakapfuma uye siyana. Nzvimbo inokosha achiitei munguva mabasa Chekhov raMwari, Burenina, Saltykov-Shchedrin, Leskov, Pushkin.

Unyanzvi Vanoita mitambo yokusetsa aonekwa panguva "Silver Age mabhuku Russian." Magazini "Satyricon" - Taffy, Orsher, utsi, Averchenko - aiwanzoshandisa wordplay kuumba enyambo nomugumisiro mumabasa avo.

Pashure pokuchinja, mudziyo uyu chaiko inowanikwa Zakhoder okugadzira zvinhu Vysotsky Knysheva, Mayakovsky, munyoro, Glazkov, Krivine, Ilf, Petrov nevamwe vanyori. Uyezve, vakawanda yakagadzirwa anecdotes ane "mbiriso punning."

Witty uye unyanzvi pun anokwanisa kumuka pamwero mukuru kunanga nevazivi uye kuti vanhu kufungisisa zvinoreva kuvapo. Kushandiswa mudziyo uyu chaiko - unyanzvi chaiye kudzidza kuva chaizvo uye vaine vose.