Paul Antokolsky: Biography uye mabasa

mudetembi Soviet Pavel Antokolsky, Biography zvinhu uye vakakodzerwa kuongororwa, akagara refu uye anonakidza zvikuru upenyu. Mundangariro yake vaiva nokumukirana, hondo, kuedza zviri uri, paumbwe mabhuku weSoviet. Antokolsky nhetembo - ari yainakidza, matarenda pamusoro zvakaitika nyanduri, wenyika upenyu, pamusoro zvichiratidza ake nyaya.

mavambo

June 19, 1896 muSt Petersburg akaberekwa Antokolskiy Pavel Grigorevich. Aiva mukuru pavana vana uye mukomana chete. baba vake, inozivikanwa, asi kwete kunyanya kubudirira gweta, nguva zvirongwa sei kuchinja upenyu hwavo kuti huve nani. Asi akashanda zvikuru chikamu mubatsiri bharisita, uye munguva Soviet - aivawo nechinzvimbo muhurumende dzakasiyana masangano. Tingakuitireiwo mwana akarara pamapfudzi mai. Mukomana murimo grandnephew yaiva yakakurumbira muvezi Marc Antokolsky, izvo kune pamwero Pavlov kuzvikomba unyanzvi. Pasinei nokuti mhuri yakanga midzi yechiJudha, mu upenyu nyanduri dzinza airidza hapana basa.

udiki

Childhood Paul Antokolsky rakaitirwa muSt Petersburg, uye kana ava namakore 8 okuberekwa, mhuri yakatamira Moscow. Main chitandadzo pauduku, mumashoko Antokolsky waipa pamwe mapenzura mavara uye watercoloured. nyaya yake kufarira raiva mufananidzo musoro - mufananidzo 'Ruslan uye Lyudmila' A. S. Pushkina. Gare gare pakanga chechipiri kufarira chidzidzo - mufananidzo Ivana Groznogo, izvo akafanana chidhori sekuru vake Antokolsky. Kutamira kuMoscow mukomana kurangarira zvakanaka, mushure kudzikama uye vakuru Petersburg Iye akamuratidza stocky, ruzha uye akasviba. Asi zvishoma nezvishoma wajaira Moscow uye vakatanga kufunga izvozvo yekwake. The yaifamba 1905 anoramba zvakajeka pfungwa iri kuyeuka mukomana, kushora vanhu uye zviremera vaizova imwe yemisoro pfungwa dzake.

kudzidza

Paul Antokolsky akadzidza pa Moscow High School, kudzidza muna 1914. Kudzidza aiva nyore kwaari, asi wakadenha zvishoma kufarira. A gore pashure pokupedza kudzidza pachikoro chesekondari, Pauro akapinda Moscow State University, rorusununguko Mutemo. Nechekare rokutanga gore akaona ari corridors of Moscow State University musi Moss pekugara chiziviso mumwe yakatarwa iri Student Drama Studio pasi peDare Moscow Art Theater vatambi kubva nguva vakatanga umwe upenyu Antokolsky. Nguva yainetsa, uye zvimwe Pauro akasiya zvidzidzo zvake kuyunivhesiti zvishoma nezvishoma, kutanga kuti kushanda echimurenga varwi, asi pakupedzisira nokuda Studio, riri kuramba kukosha kwaari.

mitambo

Theater Studio MSU akatungamirira ipapo zvishoma-anozivikanwa Director Yevgeny Vakhtangov akanga kwaari uye yakarova Paul Antokolsky. Biography ake hwachinja pamwe veMubatanidzwa yemitambo, Pauro pakutanga akaedza ruoko rwake kuita raanoziva, asi tarenda ake haana kukwana. Mumakore matatu kudzidza muna Studio, iyo akava "yemitambo vanhu" Antokolsky vakaedza pachake zvose zvinobvira chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo ounyanzvi hwokugadzira, kubva chiitiko mupepeti kuti wekambani uye screenwriter. Nokuti Studio, akanyora Mitambo mitatu, kusanganisira "Doll Infanta" uye "Vimbiso muchiroto." Muna 1919, iye kunoita kubva Vakhtangov, asi anoramba kushanda muna Moscow yemitambo apo kusvikira pezana 30 nokuita wokuimba. Pave paya, akadzokera yemitambo Vakhtangov, naye kushanda kukura kuvaka pamusoro Arbat. Pakafa wendarama guru yemitambo Antokolsky pacharo uye pamwe chete nevamwe vatungamiri kufuka dambe. With yemitambo Vahtangova Pavel Grigorevich anoenderera mberi rwavakaita kuSweden, Germany uye France. Nzendo idzi zvakamubatsira kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro nyika uye pachake, iye anoziva nezvake munhu Soviet. Gare gare nemaonero nzendo idzi zvichakurukurwa mudzidziso mundima, kunyanya mu bhuku "West". Theater agara zvakaramba inokosha nyaya upenyu Antokolsky kunyange kana akasarudza nzira yakasiyana.

nhetembo

nhetembo yake yokutanga Pavel Antokolsky anonyora achiri muduku, asi kukoshesa basa iri iye ari. Muna 1920 ari kutamira pedyo boka Moscow vanyori vakanga vakaungana Café vadetembi musi Tverskaya Street. Pane musangano Antokolsky Bryusov, uyo aida nhetembo ruzivo munyori, uye muna 1921 akabudisa mabasa ake okutanga. Bryusov haana chete nyanduri kunoshamisa, asi rakaisvonaka murongi, pasi utungamiriri hwake kumhuka enhetembo mabhuku sangano muMoscow, chakanga anobatsira kwazvo muduku Antokolsky. Pano akanga achiunganidza unyanzvi uye vanodavira basa rake idzva. Mabasa nyanduri mangwanani vakazara dzorudo uye chido mitambo. Somuenzaniso, nhetembo "Fransua Viyon" uye kuunganidza "Characters" anopa hope uye nemanzwiro yemitambo. Asi zvishoma nezvishoma anowana mashoko arwo Antokolsky yevagari matauriro. Zvishoma nezvishoma kukura, ndakawana yayo manyorerwo uye Category chinangwa nemunyori.

Pazuva Guru Patriotic War Pavel Antokolsky pasi kushanda kubatana panhengo Communist Party, kubvira panguva iyoyo, akati, hupenyu hutsva. Kutyisa hondo dziri kuda mudanga Nyanduri, anonyora chaizvo mumakore aya. Kuwedzera nhetembo, anosika yokunyora nokudhirowa, kushanda sezvo hondo dzomupepanhau, aienda kumberi chikwata vatambi uye mutori. Pashure pehondo Antokolsky anopfuurira kunyora nyaya inokosha mumagariro, pane mabhuku nhetembo, "Simba Vietnam", "The mudetembi uye Time", "The zvakaedza yakapfuura Years", iyo akava muenzaniso yevagari nhetembo weSoviet.

rokusika nhaka

Panguva yake refu rokusika upenyu, Paul Antokolsky vane Photo iri chero enisaikoropidhiya mabhuku Soviet, akanyora mabhuku vapfumbamwe nhetembo, vamwe nhetembo uye akabudiswa kuunganidza mana nyaya. bhuku rimwe nerimwe Nyanduri - ndiwo chinhu chinokosha basa, azadzwa kushungurudzwa uye pfungwa nemunyori. The yakakurumbira zvakasikwa Antokolsky nhetembo "Mwanakomana", zvakanyorwa pamusoro umhare rufu wemufi pamberi mwanakomana wake. Nhetembo aita mukurumbira dzakawanda kuti mudetembi uye Stalin Prize. Undoubted kufarira mabasa akanyorwa pasi pokudzora kwomudzimu French echimurenga mweya: a nhetembo Fransua Viyone, pamusoro Tauriranai, kuti nhetembo "Robespierre uye Gorgon", "sans-culottes". Last muunganidzwa nhetembo, "Kuguma Remakore" rakabudiswa muna 1977 uye rudzi Achipfupikisa neupenyu zvaitika.

Translations

Paul Antokolsky akawanda hwake rokusika vakazvipira basa rokushandura. Kunyange yechipiri yezana 30s Antokolsky kushanyira hanzvadzi chinoda - Armenia, Azerbaijan uye Georgia - uye anofarira mutsika dzavo. Zvadaro anotanga basa rake rokushandura National nhetembo nyika idzi mumutauro weRussia. Kupfuura zvose, iye mubasa shanduro 60s uye 70s. Kuwedzera mabasa yechiGeorgian, kuUkraine, Armenian uye Azerbaijani vadetembi, anoisa chaizvo mabhuku French. Mushanduro yake kuwa kuunganidza "vehurumende nhetembo wokuFrance", "Kubva Bernazhe kuna Eluard" inokosha Anthology rinoti "Two emakore nhetembo kuFrance."

upenyu Personal

Mudetembi ararama akapfuma uye refu upenyu. Raiva ushamwari navo akadai Marina Tsvetaeva, K. Smionov, E. Dolmatovsky, Tikhonov, V. Kataev. Antokolsky akanga akaroora kaviri. mudzimai First - Natalia Shcheglova - akabereka kwake mwanasikana Natalia uye mwanakomana Vladimir, uyo akafa muna 1942 panguva mberi. Iye akazova rokupenda uyewo akaroora nyanduri Leon Toom. Antokolsky muzukurukomana Andrew akava purofesa wefizikisi, anoshanda muBrazil. mudzimai wechipiri - Zoya Konstantinovna Bazhanova - waiva emhizha, asi upenyu hwake hwose yakatsaurirwa basa wake. Paul Antokolsky, mudzimai wake, nevana uye vazukuru kwagara chokuita huru chikonzero hwake - nhetembo. The imba yaiva kanosvota wamazvirokwazvo naTenzi. Panopera Antokolsky ndoga muupenyu, mudzimai wake akafa, shamwari dzangu vaiva upenyu. Akapedza nguva yake munyika. Mudetembi akafa October 9, 1978, iye akavigwa kumakuva muMoscow Vostryakovsky.