Public zvinhu. Kupatsanura. zvinoitwa

The zvoupfumi weHurumende ane nhamba mabasa anokosha. Mumwe wavo ari kugadzirwa zvinhu uye mabasa kuti vagari. Izvi paruzhinji zvinhu anobatsira vanhu vazhinji (somuenzaniso, mabhiriji, National kudzivirira, etc.). Kazhinji, kugadzirwa zvakadai kune private nemauto haisi zvinobatsira, uye anotarisira mamiriro.

Kana urongwa kubatsira kuti munhu hazvibviri pasina kupa vamwe uye kuparadzwa pamwechete, kunonzi yakaisvonaka voruzhinji. Muenzaniso angava wehurumende kuzvidzivirira vemo kana mumwe uye zvose zvakafanana dhigirii. Saka, vakachena ruzhinji zvinhu - ndivo zvinhu uye mabasa kuti vanobatsirwa kushandiswa iyo zvakabatanidzwa richiparadzirwa munyika vanhu. Panyaya iyi, kushandiswa kuparadzira hakunei kuda vomunyika nomumwe kutenga kana kwete kutenga kwavari (zvinhu uye mabasa).

Kwakachena pachena zvinhu vane unhu maviri. Chokutanga - kushaya makwikwi mu norukosoro - chinoratidza kuti nokuwedzera kwenhamba vatengi kuti utility akapa mumwe nomumwe wavo, haana kunoderedza. Kana wakachena neruzhinji zvinhu inopiwa munhu mutengi, mari ndiwo razero. With ichiwedzera vatengi vakatakudzwa kubva nenhungamiro Pareto kuvandudzika (zvichienzaniswa yapfuura mamiriro ari achinja ezvoupfumi mamiriro ezvinhu, hapana akarasika uye vamwe vechikamu zvoupfumi ukama kunyange akunda).

Chechipiri Pakanzi - neisklyuchaemost - ndechokuti Mugadziri paruzhinji zvinhu zvisingaiti kubvisa anoishandisa kubva pakushandisa. Suppliers havagoni kupinda yoga zvoupfumi ukama nomumwe mutengi.

Kwakachena pachena zvinhu zvisina akatenga pamusoro pamusika. Ivo vanobhadharwa neHurumende mutero hurongwa.

Nokuti kuti kudyiwa paruzhinji zvinhu achabatsirwa kunobatsira kuti zvizvarwa zvose, zvoupfumi anofanira zvakanyanya matambudziko kwete kupa, uye kugovera zvakakodzera Vhoriyamu kugadzirwa yavo.

Chokwadi, kupatsanura haringorevi pfungwa private uye vakawanda zvinodyiwa uye dzavo unhu. Saka Zvakarurama zvinhu vangava kunosiyana inosiyana zviratidzo hama kune mumwe kana zvimwe zvinhu kana mabasa. Saka, zvose zviri zviviri private uye voruzhinji tibatsirwe inogona kusingasaruri (kana zvimwe zvinhu).

Batsirwa yokuva mukuru mwero selectivity uye pasi excludability mukati, rinonzi zvakanakira kwemajoini rinodyiwa. Basa iri zvinodyiwa uye kushandiswa pamwe kumusoro mari. Kazhinji, zvinobatsira dzakadaro inosanganisira mahombekombe, mumapaki, nzvimbo paruzhinji kushanya, uye saka vari vaakadanawo zvaiita. The pakubatsirana hunhu hwavo kushandiswa zvinobatsira kuti mukuru padanho makwikwi panheyo "uyo akauya wokutanga uye nyasha akare."

Zvakanakira kuva mukuru azvipire uye vakaderera kuti excludability selectivity isklyuchemymi rinonzi seboka (pachena). Muchiitiko chino, kuwana kwavo kushandiswa kungava (zvidiki mutengo) shoma. Mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, akanaka pamwero selectivity anogona kuderedzwa maererano nokuwedzera kwenhamba vatengi. Muchiitiko chino, pane imwe nguva (a "pfungwa zadzisa") kugovera wokuwedzera manwiro Rinobatanidzwa kuwedzera zvimwe mari - pasi utility kuti vatengi.

Zvakanakira iro asiri makwikwi manwiro wakachengetwa mukati imwe nhamba vanoshandisa, rinonzi overloading. Somuenzaniso, apo uwandu vanoshandisa kunowedzera kuzara mugwagwa saka kuderedzwa nokukurumidza.

The kudiwa paruzhinji zvinhu chinosimbiswa maererano dhigirii yavo shoma utility kuti vatengi nguva neimwe imwe mutengo pamwero.