Fedor Rokotov: biography uye zvisikwa

Zvinotora mazana mashoma emakore, uye hupenyu hwomusiki hunobudiswa kunze nefleur, uye iye zvino hatizivi zvakadzama kuti Fyodor Rokotov akararama sei, biography yake inonyangarika shure kwechidzitiro chenguva. Vanyori vezvakaitika kare, vanyori vezvakaitika kare vanowana zvakare mufananidzo wemufananidzo, ane zita raitinhira munguva yaCatherine II.

Nyaya pfupi pamusoro pehupenyu hwemuiti

Fedor Stepanovich Rokotov (1735-1808) akanga ari wedzinza reSerf P.I. Repnin. Munharaunda yake Vorontsovo pedyo neMoscow, kumaodzanyemba-kumavirazuva akaberekerwa muenzi wekare. Akange ane nhanho: yakanga iri nguva yakasununguka, apo matarenda aitsvaga uye akafukidzwa. Saka ini.I. Shuvalov, kutora majaya vane matarenda okudzidzira kuChikemy of Fine Arts, akawana diamond yemvura yakachena. Yaiva Fedor Rokotov, uyo muna 1760 akanyora mufananidzo wevaranda vake. Yaiva paimba yake kuti zvidzidzo zvake zvekutanga zvakatorwa nemufananidzo mutsva pasi pekutungamirirwa kwaPietro Rotari. Shuvalov haana kungomuona chete, asi akawedzerawo. The Academy haisati yambovhurwa.

Kuziva naMikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov

Apo wechidiki Fyodor Rokotov akanyorera scientist akakurumbira, kukurukurirana naye pasina mubvunzo kwakakonzera kugadzirwa kwehupenyu hwejaya. Iyo chinyorwa chakanyorwa muRokotov's favorite red and colors colors. Chiedza chikuru chinoratidzwa mumucheka mutsvuku kupikisana nechemukati kwevelvet yakasvibirira. Musayendisiti anoratidzwa nemafungiro emabasa. Ari mumaoko ake ane peni, uye patafura pamberi pake ipepa. Kutarisa kwake kutarisa kunotungamirirwa kumusoro. Ndiko kubasa nebasa iri remuenzi wekuti tinoziva chiso chemusayendisiti.

MuSt. Petersburg

Zvichida, basa rekutanga rinozivikanwa, rakanyorwa muna 1775 naFyodor Rokotov, muenzi, (mufananidzo unoratidza Mufananidzo-kuzviratidzira) yaiva "Mufananidzo wejaya risingazivikanwi muunifomu yevarindi," izvo zvinoreva kuti Rokotov pachake akashumira. Basa racho raitarisirwa kuti rive nepamusoro uye nehukuru. Asi muCy Academy munyori weramangwana akatanga kudzidza kubva muna 1760. Kubudirira kwake kwakaonekwa. Muna 1762 akanga akavimbwa kuti anyore mhemberero huru yemifananidzo yaPeter III. Mushure mebasa iri, Fedor Rokotov anopinda nharaunda yekutanga paChikami. Anova mutsara, mudzidzisi. Nzvimbo inotevera ichava mudzidzi wechikoro. Mifananidzo miviri yakave yakafanana. Yokutanga yakanyorwa muna 1763, mushure mekugadziriswa kwaChristine II, pakunyora kwake, Rokotov yakanyatsotorwa kuMoscow. Mifananidzo yeImpress inoshongedza zvikuru. Mifananidzo yakajeka uye chifukidzo zvakajeka zvakasiyana nechemberi yezvakanaka zve-brownish-burgundy draperies. Uye mutsva uye musikana muduku pachake, semaruva akasiyana, anoiswa pachigaro choumambo nemucheka mutsvuku. Ane zvose zvakanyorwa zvakanyorwa: korona, tsvimbo uye simba. Ndaifarira Catherine II zvikuru. Makopi maviri akaitwa kubva mairi.

Count G. Orlov

Iyo inofarirwa nemudzimai, guru guru rakanaka, rakanaka Gregory Orlov rinoratidzwa muhombodo ine zvishongo zvegoridhe, kupfuura-kupfeka zvombo. Iye ane ruvara rutsvuku anomira pamucheto wematenga, umo mazhenje anopenya. Orlov yakafanana nemwari wekare akavanzika. Muna 1765, munyori uyu akanyora kopi yemufananidzo "Venus, Cupid uye Satyr" uye anova mudzidzisi. Haana mifananidzo yakashandurwa uye anoinyora. Mabasa ake akasiyana zvikuru nezvose zvakasikwa nevatenzi vedzimwe nyika vanoshanda muRussia muzana remakore gumi nemasere muchimiro che rococo. Zvisinei, Academy inorambidza basa risina basa kune rumwe rutivi. Nokudaro, muna 1775, Fyodor Rokotov akabva kumusoro kwekumusoro nokusingaperi. Paunotarisa mabasa emunguva yekutanga, unogona kuona kuti mavara achiri mavara uye anosiyana zvakasiyana, uye kukoka kwakaoma.

Fedor Rokotov: biography nemifananidzo

Muna 1778 Prince Repnin anofa. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti muenzi wacho akasiyira nhaka mumakore matatu iye achatenga nzvimbo paBasmannaya zviuru zviviri nemazana matanhatu rubles. Nokuti Rokotov aisagona kuwana mari nokukurumidza. Mudzidzisi wacho akatora basa rekubhadhara zvakanyanya - zana kana makumi mashanu ruble. Iyi semusangano yakangoshamiswa nehuwandu hwemirairo. Iye zvino Rokotov akazvisimbisa kwazvo muMoscow. Vanhu veMoscow vanoshingaira vanosangana nemusikana anozivikanwa anozivikanwa zvikuru, nyanzvi yakanyatsorondedzerwa uyo akanyora mazita echitendero chechikadzi echitendero muSt. Petersburg. Pakati pavo mumwe anogona kukwanisa kuratidza mufananidzo weGI. Golenishchev-Kutuzov, babamunini vemukuru mukuru, kana IG. Orlov, munhu akachenjera uye anonyanya kugadziriswa. Mifananidzo yemazuva eSt. Petersburg yakasiyana mukufarira kwavo kuonekwa kwechimiro chemuenzaniso uye maitiro epfungwa. Mumufananidzo we VI. Maikova nokuda kwechimiro chakanaka, mushure mekuona kwemaziso, kuti kuve nemiromo yakanaka iyo munhu anogona kufungidzira pfungwa dzisinganzwisisiki uye njere dzomunyori wenhema uyo akasika rukurumbira satirical nhetembo "Erisha". Chiso chacho chakanyatsotariswa. Chikara chemufananidzo chinosanganisira tema tsvuku uye tema, izvo zvinowedzera kusimbisa kuzara-kweropa kwechifananidzo chakagadzirwa nemufananidzo.

Fedor Rokotov: biography uye zvisikwa

Uye hupenyu hunotambudza hwehupenyu hwevanhu huri kuvira muguta guru. Mason N.I. Novikov anotumira nzvimbo yekudhinda dzimba, uko kushandurirwa uye mabhuku ezvinyorwa kunodhindwa. Novikov ari kuedza kuve nechokwadi chokuti mabhuku ayo pamutengo aivepo kunyange kune zvikamu zvakashata zvevanhu. Kutenga kubva kwaari bhuku rimwe, munhu wechipiri anosununguka. Kutengeswa kunomuka uye kwete kurasikirwa, asi denderedzwa yevaverengi iri kuwedzera. Rokotov akanyora magazini, "Morning Light", iyo yakanga ine Masonic direction, yakabudiswa naNovikov. Zvisinei, ruzivo rwakaitwa nemufananidzo wacho aive rusununguko, kwete, sezvo pasina Masonic zvinyorwa mumabasa ake. MuMoscow, kutamba kunotamba mitambo AP. Sumarokov. Uye munyori wenhema M.M. Kheraskov akaumba denderedzwa. Mune mweya wekusununguka nekujekesera, maonero pasi pose uye zvigadzirwa zvemhizha zve tenzi zvakasikwa. MuMoscow, Rokotov yakagamuchirwa seyakaenzana, uye akava nhengo yeChirungu Club.

Style of Rokotov

Mumakore makumi manomwe, Fyodor Rokotov akazvigadzira zvinyorwa zvake zvekunyora. Muenzi wacho anonyora zvinyorwa zvechimiro chechivharo. Ivo, sekutonga, vanomiririra chikamu chepamusoro chemuviri wemuenzaniso. Nhamba yacho inenge isati yambopiwa zvakananga, chete nekanyanyisa kushanduka. Mucherecheri anokweretesa zvakanyanya maziso uye chiso chekutaura. Izvo zvishoma. Tenzi anobata zvisingadikanwi - manzwiro omunhu, achivatumira kune chando. Muchikonzero chemuvara, Fyodor Rokotov, muimbi wezana remakore rechi18, kazhinji anotora mavara matatu. Upfumi hwomumvuri, mutambo wavo, humwe hunyengeri hwemuvara wekomba hwakagadzirirwa kuratidza nyika yakaoma yakaoma yemuenzaniso. Chiaroscuro inoparidzirwa nenzira iyo chiso "chinotenderera" kutanga kwezvose, mamwe ose ezvinyorwa anozunungurwa mumadekwana, zvinyorwa zvinoshamisa uye zvisinganzwisisiki kutitarisa kwatiri, zvishoma kuderedza meso avo.

Kubudirira kusimba (1770 - 1780)

Especially deep and full of the artist in his 35-45 years was able to reveal female images. Ivo vakazara nechakavanzika uye chakavanzika. Heino mufananidzo weVEE. Novosiltseva. Majaya, chiremera, kuzvivimba-zvose zvinoshandiswa nemufananidzo. Maziso ane chiedza "rokotovskim" squint vari kuseka, sezvinoita miromo yakabatanidzwa mukumwemwerera. Zvinyorwa zvakanyora zvishandiso zvaro zvitsvuku, mapundu uye bluish satin bow. Chiedza chemufananidzo wacho chinobuda kubva mumamiriro ezvinhu erima uye chinosvika kumuoni.

E.V. Santi naVN Surovtseva

1785 - nguva yekusikwa kwechimiro cheA Countess Elizabeth Vasilyevna Santi, uyo akabudirira akaroorana uye akatora nzvimbo yakakwirira munzanga. Chiso chiduku, miromo ine kunyemwerera kunotsanangurwa. Ruva rakanaka rinoshongedza bvudzi romukadzi, mashevha akareba anosimbisa chiso chakanaka chechivharo, chakasvibirira-chinotapira, uye chinyararire chekufuka kwake - zvose zvinotaura nezvekuzvidzora kwakadzikama kwechinhu ichi chisina kufanira, chinoshamisa uye chinotonhora chinonzi aristocrat. Icho chisarudzo chemuvara wechivara hachina chakanaka. Kushamwaridzana, vaduku, nechiso cheRussia chisinganzwisisiki, chakazara nekuremekedzwa uye kuvanzwira tsitsi, Va Varvara Nikolayevna Surovtseva vanoonekera pamberi pevateereri. Ikozvino kunaka kwemweya kwomusikana wechidiki kunobudiswa, iyo inofadza kupfuura zvaanoita.

Generalizing mumifananidzo yeRokotov

Mifananidzo imwe neimwe ndeyega. Anonyatsooneka anotenderera chiso chemukadzi waanoratidzira. Asi mukuru uye mukuru ndeye kutengeswa kwenyika yakaoma yezvokunamata, upfumi uye kunaka kwehupenyu hwomukati, tsika yakakwirira yekunzwa kwevanhu. Apo muenzi wacho anoratidza utsvene hwemweya, ikoko nguva dzose inoramba ichiri pasi pasi, chakavanzika uye chakavanzika. Izvi zvinopa mifananidzo iyi nhetembo chaiyo.

Varume vemifananidzo

Izvo zvakanaka zvemurume weZera reZvhenekeri zvakaratidza mukati mavo mhizha - kukudzwa nekuremekedzwa. Sevamwe vamiririri vakakurumbira evakuru vakachenjera, pakati pavo ndevanyori A.N. Sumarokov uye ane chipo chemumiririri wechitendero chaCatherine A.M. Zvinyorwa, uyo akanga ari nhume kumambo weOttoman. Mufananidzo wacho unofadza zvikuru pakuti unoratidza munhu ane simba, akachenjera uye ane njere. Mwoyo wakadzika uye unoyevedza wemudetembi, fabulist uye mutevedzeri Sumarokov anoonekwa pachiso chake. Ari mukunyadziswa, uye kutaura kwekusuwa kwehasha kunoratidza manzwiro ake.

Pamusoro peRokotov munharaunda yose, anenge asina ruzivo. Izvo hazvina manotsi kana tsamba yega yega. Panenge makore mashomanana apfuura inozivikanwa chete kuti aigara muMoscow asingatongonzwi uye akavigwa nevanun'una vake (muenzi wacho akanga asina kuroora) munaDecember 1808 muNonas-Spassky Monastery.