Pakati pezvinhu zvinoshandiswa pakunamata, prosphora inotora nzvimbo inokosha. Iyo inobatanidza nemuviri waIshe uye iko kuyanana kweSaramente yechibayiro chaJesu Kristu, chaAkaunza kuti vanhu vaponeswe. Kuva neboka guru rechitendero, prosphora, zvisinei, yakava chingwa chemitambo nguva refu vasati varovererwa. Nhoroondo yemitambo nemashandisirwo ayo inodzokera shure mazana emakore.
Tsanangudzo
Chokutanga, ngatitsvakei zvakajeka, chii ichi? Izwi iro pacharo rine maGiriki mazera ekare uye rinoshandurwa se "chipo." Zita rake rechipiri ndiro chingwa cheturgy, liturgical. Chinangwa chikuru chinoshandiswa panguva yeEucharist yekutsvenesa uye kudya newaini sechikamu chemuviri neropa raKristu. Iyo inoshandiswawo zvakanyanya pamusangano weProscomidia prosphora. Zvinorevei: panguva yekutarisirwa kwakasiyana, kuberekwa uye rufu rwaKristu zvinorangarirwa, vaKristu vose, vapenyu uye vakafa, vanoyeukwa. Muchikonzero chetsika, kuwedzera kumashoko aJesu ataurwa paKudya Kwekupedzisira, chishamiso chakaiswa apo Aidya zvingwa zvishomanana kune zviuru zvevane nzara. Asi kare kare kuberekwa kwaKristu muTesitamende Yekare kunotaura zvinoreva prosphora yezvibayiro. Zvinofanira kuva zvechingwa zvinoratidzwa zvakananga: kvass, ndiko kuti, mbiriso. Izvi zvakanyorwa mubhuku raRevhitiko. Mumatende aMosesi (kereke inofamba), zvakare, chingwa chitsvene chaishandiswa, chakanatswa, chakabika nenzira inokosha. Zvikamu zvaro zviviri zvinomiririra munhu, pasi pano nepamusoro, iyo yekudenga.
Chikamu chekare
Panguva yevaKristu vokutanga, vatendi vaiuya nezvokudya, mafuta omuorivhi, makisi emakenduru, ayo aive akadikanwa pamaturgy nemimwe mitambo kana kungoshumira muchechi kana dzimba dzemunamato. Chinotarisirwa chakanga chiri uye prosphora. Kuti iyi yakanga isiri chingwa chaiyo, asi inokosha, inomiririra, inopupurirwa nezvakadai sokuti, somuenzaniso, tsanangudzo yezvokudya zvakafanana - agapas. Pakutanga kwechiKristu, munguva yeuranda, yakagamuchirwa nevose vemachechi eko kuti vaungane pamwe chete-kudya. Patafura imwechete yaiva vagari verusununguko uye varanda. Agapas akaita basa rekudya kwekupedzisira kwekudya kwekupedzisira, panguva yavo nguva yeEucharist yaipembererwa, naizvozvo kudya kwaive kwakangoita zvechitendero mune zvakasikwa. Panguva imwecheteyo, vakasimbisa kuti muhupenyu hwaKristu vose vakaenzana, pasinei nemamiriro ezvinhu evanhu. Vadzidzi vacho vakatsvoda nyika, vakanyengetera, vakatumira mimwe machechi kune dzimwe machechi uye mharaunda. Gare gare, apo "mapato" akadaro akatanga kuparadzaniswa kubva kuLiturgy, prosphora yainzi kwete zvokudya zvachose, asi chingwa chete chinodiwa kuEucharist.
Kunwa kwechingwa
Ko prosphors inogadzirirwa sei? Ikopi inogona kunge yakasiyana, asi teknolojia ndiyo yakafanana kune vose. Icho chinongova upfu hwegorosi, munyu, mvura, alum kana mbiriso. Hapana mafuta ekuwedzera - mukaka, whey, mafuta - haudi prosphora. Uye kunakirwa kwacho kunofanira kunge kungove yakasviba. Pamusoro pekumusoro kwechingwa, mifananidzo yekufananidzira pamitambo yechitendero yakanyorwa. Iko kune prosphors kubva kumativi maviri - hafu, sezvinotsanangurwa pamusoro apa. Tsanangudzo yavo tsvene inoratidza kubatana pakati penyika nevanhu uye Ishe. Nheyo, chingwa uye munyu zvinosanganiswa neUtatu Hutsvene, uye zvikamu - nehupenyu hwemweya. Simioni Simioni weTesaroniki anewo chifananidzo chakadai: upfu uye mbiriso (opara) mweya, mvura ndiyo kubhabhatidzwa kwayo, uye munyu ndiro shoko guru raMwari. Jesu akadana vadzidzi vake "munyu." Uye kubika kunofananidzwa nekubatana kwaIshe pamwe nesu, vanhu, "vanhu". Nokuti chingwa chinobukira, moldy yebasa reprosphora haisi yakanaka.
Recipe uye mazano
Ungabika sei prosphora? Nzira yakashandiswa mumazuva ekare ine mirayiridzo yakadai: kubvambura kwehupfu kunoitwa nekuwedzerwa kwemvura tsvene, kubika kunoperekedzwa neminamato, kuimba kwemapisarema, basa rinoitwa nevakadzi vanoda Mwari vakakokwa zvikuru. Vanonzi vanofambira mberi. Izvi zvinotevera. Kune rimwe boka rekubikwa, unoda 1200 g yeupfu, uikire zvakakwana kuitira kuti ive yakazara, izere nemhepo. Muchiri mumvura, kwaunenge uchienda kukotamisa hupfu, udire mumvura shoma shoma. Zvadaro shandisai 400 g yefurawa uye muidururire pamusoro pemvura inodzika. Pamusoro pezvavanoita: kutanga, kuti gorosi yakaedza kuedza kutapira mairi, nokuti shuga haisi kuiswa muchingwa chakadaro. Chechipiri, kuti prosphora kwenguva yakareba haina kukura moldy. Iko kusanganiswa kunofanirwa kusanganiswa uye kusara kunotonhora zvishoma. Zvakare mumvura yakachena imwe chete, munyu unoputika (mafuraji akawanda), izvi zvinodururwa muupfu hweupfu, 25 g ye mbiriso inowedzerwa, iyo yakasanganiswa uye yakanyatsovhenganiswa. Ikozvino isa pirasi yacho uye uende kubva mupu iyo kwehafu yeawa kuti ipe. Dururirai upfu hwakasara, bfuketa zvakare uye regai mukanyiwa uuye zvakare. Mushure menguva yakatarwa, kana uwandu hwakasimuka zvakanaka, prosphora yakakwana inofanira kubva pairi. Zvaunofanira kuita nayo - verenga.
Baking products
Dhata rakaiswa pakombiyuta, rakasanganiswa neupfu. Bvisa chidimbu chemasentimita matatu masikati. Gura kubva naro nemakagi akasiyana-siyana echitenderera chakakura uye chiduku. Gadzirisa nemaoko ako, kuitira kuti purogiramu yese yeramangwana ive yakarurama. Chii chaunofanira kuita nayo ikozvino, kana kuti pane kudaro, pamwe navo? Dhavhara nemucheka wanyoro wemvura, pamusoro - wakaoma, uye zvakare kwehafu yeawa kubva "kuzorora." Ipapo ufukidze zvisimbiso pamakishi maduku, uzvibatanidze kune zvikurusa, mushure mekudzikisa zvishoma pamusoro pemvura. Saka kuti panguva yekubika mubvunzo hapana mavhavha, purosirasi tsvene tsvene inofanira kuurayiwa. Zvadaro uzviise pahomwe yekabiki uye uise muvheni yepayedhe. How to bake prosphora? Vanofanira kunge vemavara, asi havasi kupisa. Nguva inobva pamaminitsi gumi nemashanu kusvika ku20. Ika mupfudze patafura, uvhare nemhepo yakaoma, yakasviba uye yakaoma uye chimwe chinhu chakasviba. Mune chimiro ichi, prosphora inofanira kupora pasi. Vanoiswa mumabhasikiti akakosha uye vanoshandiswa nekuda kwechinangwa chavo. Chengeta mufiriji.
A Living Prayer Nyaya
Sezvatatoona, nzira yose yekushanda pamwe nekuedzwa inoperekedzwa nemunyengetero. Prospera chingwa chitsvene, asi kuna Mwari zvinhu zvose zvinopesana. Munyengetero wokutanga, mutsika wezvikonzero zvose: "Ishe, rubatsiro!" Inotangira kutanga kwebasa. Munguva yechitsva zvinokosha kuverenga minyengetero yechishanu, inokumbira kuna Spiridon, Nikodemus uye Prokhor mutsvene, uye kuna Ishe. Apo prosphora inorohwa, chiito chacho chinowirirana nechetsika: "Muzita raBaba, Mwanakomana ..." Kunyange zvazvo huprista huri kuenderera mberi, munhu anofanira kuverenga kuti: "Mhandara yeMhandara ..." Basa rinopedzerwa nekuonga Mwari. Panewo munyengetero wekugamuchirwa kweprosphora.
Chiratidzo chitsvene
Pamusoro pechingwa chitsvene kunoshandiswa mufananidzo wakakosha - "chisimbiso." Anoratidzika sei? Mutsara wepamuchinjikwa - machina-akatarisa, equilateral - anotorwa. Kumusoro kwemuchinjikwa zvakavezwa mavambo aKristu - IC XC, uye pasi payo - shoko rokuti "kukunda" muchiGiriki chekare: nick. Zvinonzwisisika, ndezvenguva yakareba kuti uzviite nemaoko, kunyanya kana iwe uchida nhamba yakakura yemishonga yekubika. Kubatsira kwakanaka kuchakushandira chisimbiso cheprosphora. Unogona kutenga izvi mumabhenchi echechi. Zviratidzo zvakagadzirwa naye zvinonyatsooneka pane kuedzwa. Uye apo prosphora yatove yakabikwa, mufananidzo wacho unotaridzika wakanaka pahutachiona hwakashata.
Gwayana rezvibayiro
Izvo zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti munguva yekushumira kwaMwari chingwa haishandisi zvachose, asi zvikamu zvayo. I "pfumo" (mukuyeuka kuti mwoyo waKristu wakarovererwa pamuchinjikwa neshoko iri) wakakamurwa kuva zvidimbu, izvo zvinoratidza Gwayana raMwari, chibayiro chakaitwa naJesu nekuda kwevanhu. Kazhinji 5 mikate yakabikwa nokuda kweProskomedia. Imwe inoshandiswa seGwayana, uye panguva yeRiturgy iyo inoziviswa kune vatendi. Zvose zvakagoverwa nababa pakuyeuka Amai vaMwari. Zvinyorwa zve prosphoras idzi zvinodya, vachiyeuka iye, pamusoro pevatendi vatsvene, pamusoro pevanyori vematurgy. Asi iyo yakawanda inotarisa kune chikamu chepamutemo cheushumiri. Nokuda kwezvaidiwa nechechi, parishi yakabikwa seprosphora yakawanda sezvo veparidzi vanopa chinyorwa "Utano" uye "Mukuzorora".
Kushandiswa kwakakodzera kwechingwa chitsvene
Sezvo mutemo, vanamati vanoedza kudzosa kumba kubva kumachechi echechi yeprosphora, kuitira kuti munhu wose mumhuri awane kugamuchirwa. Asi kushandiswa kwayo kunotungamirirwa nemitemo yakawanda. Chokutanga, vanodya chingwa chakadai vasati vadya zvokudya, kwete kuvasanganisa chero nzira. Chechipiri, unofanira kunyengetera usati waisa chimedu mumuromo mako. Saka, mushure mekudzoka kubva kumaturgy, ivai nehombodo yakachena patafura. Isai prosphora padanda. Muchizizi kana makapu, turai zvishoma pamvura tsvene-inenge 3 gulps. Ipapo mukuru mumhuri anofanira kuverenga munyengetero mumwechete, uyo unofanirwa kugamuchira chingwa chevatsvene. Inotanga seiyi: "Mwari wangu, chipo chako chitsvene, mvura yako tsvene inogadzirisa zvivi zvangu, achijekesa pfungwa dzangu, kusimbisa simba remweya nenyama ..." Nokuverenga mazwi anokosha, imba yose inofanira kuuya nereta. Anofanira kungwarira kuti arege kudonhedzera zvishoma pasi, aise chikamu mumuromo make, achichera zvishoma, uye achigeze nemvura yakatsaurirwa. Kufunga panguva ino, hongu, hazvidikanwi kwete nezvepasina maturo zvenyika, asi pamusoro paShe, Jesu, Mutsvene weChechi, achizvifunga pachake nhengo yake. Pashure pezvose, prosphora chingwa chekudenga, chinofanira kugamuchirwa nekuzvininipisa uye mukutya Mwari. Kunyange George Zadonsky akaparidzira kuti kudya naye nekunwa nemvura tsvene kune mabasa akanaka, kunodzivirira munhu kubva pamafungiro akaipa nemabasa, kubva kune miedzo yekusvibiswa uye imwe tsvina.
Heino nyaya inofadza muprosphora - Orthodox uye yeKaturike.