Pomoto muhedheni. Church uye Vanyengeri

Zvakangoitikawo kuti Vatsauki, asi iri kurohwa nezvevanyengeri, kazhinji akarangarira maererano Witching pezvakaitwa uye Raibvunzurudza - kutanga hunhu Europe: kunyanya Italy, Southern France, Spain nePortugal. Asi kungava kukanganisa kufunga kuti munyika mhiri kudzorwa Pope, ivo vaitsoropodza aigona kunzwa vakachengeteka. Public unopfuta nezvevanyengeri - vakawanda chimiro kurangwa - kwaiitwa muByzantium uye Russia.

Kwakatangira dzidziso dzakatsauka

Mushoko rechiGiriki "manyepo" rinoreva "mirayiridzo" kana "chikoro". Pakutanga kwezana yechiKristu, 1-2 N-fung emakore. e., imwe chete rechitendero gadziriro haisati yakatanga. Kune vemunharaunda zhinji, tumapoka, rimwe nerimwe yazvo nenzira akadudzira zvimwe dzidziso: yoUtatu, hunhu Kristu uye wemhandara Mariya, kwemugumo, hierarchical nemamiriro Church. Muzana 4th remakore BC. e. Izvi hwogumisa Kesari Constantine: pasina kutsigira Panyanzvi simba wekereke pamutemo, vachiri simba, asingagoni batanidza dzeboka. Dzidziso dzakatsauka, dzaArius pakutanga akanzi, ipapo Nestorianism. Donatists vakatambudzwa uye Montanists. Vatungamiriri veChechi vokutanga Middle Ages, kutungamirirwa New Testament netsamba, akapa pfungwa iyi zvakanaka nezvacho. Zvisinei, kupiswa nezvevanyengeri padanda panguva haisati yava chenhando.

The vemanyepo dzidziso kutanga kwenguva itsva aisava enyika kana magariro inopenya rinotsanangura. Asi nokufamba kwenguva, vatendi vakatanga kushora huripo akanyatsorongwa chechi, Chechi pamwe simba zvenyika, kuti vapfume vapristi uye unyengeri hwavo.

The Cathars

Muna 11-13 emakore vakasuwa moto akapfuta Europe yose. Nokupisa muhedheni chaipiwa kuchechi akanyatsorongwa iri nyore nzira yavangabata kushorwa. Church paradzanisa kupinda Western (Catholic) uye Eastern (Orthodox) muzana remakore rechi11 akapa riwedzere kuti chidzoke kwedzidziso itsva. Yakakurumbira Pfungwa vavengi yeKaturike akava Cathars, kana "wakachena". Kazhinji yakatanga yavo yezvouMwari hurongwa kwaibva tsika yechihedheni, kunyanya Manichaeism, uneshongedzo anoenzanirana masimba aMwari uye dhiabhori. nyika mudziyo Cathars havana funga vakakwana. Vakatsiura eHurumende, makaro vafundisi uye akashevedza Pope pachena muranda wadhiabhori. Cathars vakaparidza austerity, kunaka, kushingaira. Vakaumba sangano ravo chechi, uye simba guru. Dzimwe nguva shoko rokuti "catarrh" kuunza pamwe chete vamiriri vedzimwe masayendisiti zvakafanana zvinhu zvinoti: Waldensians, ivo Bogomils, Paulicians. Muna 1209, Pope Innocent III akatora Cathars kukoshesa pfungwa pedyo madzishe kupedza vanyengeri kutora nyika yavo pachavo.

The pakurwisa nezvevanyengeri

Vafundisi vaifarira kukurira vaitsoropodza maoko vatongi kwenyika. Avo kazhinji haana pfungwa, nekuti ivo vakanga vachitya kuti nezvekubudiswa. Vachinzvera - In 1215, Innocent chaiye muviri III ari Ecclesiastical dare yakatangwa. Vashandi (kunyanya kubva Dominican Order - "Imbwa waShe") vanofanira kutsvaka vatsauki, kuti vapomere navo, kuti bvunzurudza uye kuranga.

Paitongwa muhedheni inowanzopiwa achiperekedzwa kurwadziswa (uri Hangman iyi vakagamuchira tide kuti kukura, uye akaumba anoyevedza zvombo zviridzwa dzokutambudza). Asi pasinei rakapera mubvunzo, mutongo uye kuurayiwa kwaiva aite rokunyika munhu. Chii mutongo mumaoko pasi kakawanda? Kupisa nezvevanyengeri panguva huru vanhu. Nei kutsva? Nekuti mutongo aifanira kuva vakadaro kuti Chechi kugona kubata ropa. Uyezve, murazvo akapa nokucheneswa ehupfumi.

Motokari

kutsva nezvevanyengeri kwaiva kutyisidzira. Naizvozvo, kuurayiwa kwaiva kuvapo napo vanhu mumakirasi ose. The mhemberero raitongwa pazororo uye akanzi "repair and Fe" ( "kutenda"). Pausiku wakashongedzwa nzvimbo, akavaka bleachers nokuti machinda uye zvimbudzi. mabhero Church vakatorwa kuti putira nyoro jira: nekuti vakaridza zvikuru muffled uye "kuchema". Mangwanani, mupristi vakapemberera gobvu, kuti inquisitor kuparidzwa, uye vana vechikoro vakaimba nziyo. Pakupedzisira, mitsara zvakaziviswa. Zvino vakatungamirirwa kunze. Nokupisa muhedheni aiva mumwe kupfuura chirango chakakomba rinoitwa mu yechinangwa Autos. Also kwaiitwa: sakaremende (semuenzaniso, outorwa) wakashata kupfeka upenyu zviratidzo, pachena flagellation, mujeri.

Asi kana kupomerwa zvaiva zvakakomba, ari musungwa akanga rakapotsa pasina mukana. Somugumisiro danda "vanyengeri" kakawanda, akabvuma mhosva yake. Pashure paizvozvo, izvozvo udavlivali uye akapisa chitunha yakasungirirwa mumhanyi. Kana, zvisinei, asati aurayiwa, pakarepo akatanga kuramba kuti ndakati kare, yakanga vakamirira uchipfuta mupenyu, dzimwe nguva pamusoro yakaderera kupisa (nokuti ichi zvikuru kugadzirira mbishi huni).

Ndivanaanizve akanga akaenzana nevanyengeri?

Kana munhu haana kuuya kubva kuhama vasungwa 'rufu, zvaigona vaifungidzirwa rakabatanidzwawo. Naizvozvo Motokari vagara nevanhu. Pasinei chokwadi kuti panzvimbo imwe mhosva munhu aigona kuva zvinenge munhu, vazhinji akasekwa "vanyengeri" uye kugeza navo kutukwa.

Unopfuta pangozi kwete chete enyika uye pfungwa vavengi yeChechi uye feudal madzishe. Misa yaiuya vakadzi mhosva uroyi (kwavari zvakanga zvakakunakira kupomera kuti ose njodzi), masayendisiti - zvikurukuru nyanzvi, vazivi uye vanachiremba (sechechi akavimba kusaziva kwevanhu uye akanga asingafariri kuparadzirwa ruzivo), vavambi (nokuti kuedza kuvandudza zvakakwana akaronga nyika naMwari), akanga atiza mamongi, infidels (kunyanya vaJudha), vaparidzi zvimwe zvitendero. Kutaura zvazviri, aigona mhosva munhu uye chinhu. Cherechedzawo kuti kereke akabvisa pfuma yacho vaurayiwa.

Church uye vanyengeri Russia

Chinonyanya kukosha vavengi Orthodox Church of Old Vatendi akatanga. Asi mahwanda chakaitika chete muzana remakore rechi17, uye kusvikira panguva iyoyo, zvose pamusoro nyika vari kushingaira uchipfuta vamiririri dzakatsveyama siyana Pfungwa nemagariro pfungwa: Strigolniki, Judaic nevamwe. We aurayiwe nokuda nhaka mabhuku vemanyepo, kumhura Church raKristu uye wemhandara Mariya, uroyi, kubva wemamongi mabukira. Kazhinji, Muscovy vaisiyana zvishomanene Spain pamusoro chikamu chehunyaunyau "inquisitors" yomunzvimbo, kunze kuti yaiuya vakanyanya siyana uye aiva National specificity Somuenzaniso, kupiswa nezvevanyengeri rakanga raitwa kwete padanda, uye mune womuti imba.

Chechi yeOrthodox yomuRussia chete muna 1971 vaiziva zvikanganiso zvavo panyaya Old Vatendi. Asi kutendeuka vamwe "Vanyengeri," hazvina kuuya.