Political evanhu ari sainzi

Political evanhu - rinokosha bazi wemagariro evanhu kuti vanodzidza mhando dzakasiyana ukama pakati vanhu zvematongerwo bhora pamwe kumasangano dzakadai mamiriro, magariro kufamba, mapato.

Hwaro upenyu enyika ndiro mubvunzo simba. Political evanhu ari sayenzi angatanga chete mune yegutsaruzhinji, nokuti anovandudza dzematongerwe dzevagari rusununguko uye kodzero, ari kudzidza nzira simba, rinoongorora dzinotsanagura panowanikwa imwe kurongeka munzanga.

tsika Political chinhu mashandiro unobvumira murau zvemunhu maitiro mune zvematongerwe bhora.

Zvematongerwe kunoratidzwa maviri rukoko mamiriro. Kudivi rimwe, inoitwa pamutemo maitiro zvichiita kuti levers simba, pane dzimwe - ndibatsireiwo. The inozowana framework kusiyanisa enyika ukama, mitemo enyika, political sangano (muchimiro ehurumende, mapato, masangano enyika), political tsika.

Political evanhu atanga kuva nedanho democratization upenyu paruzhinji, kana evanhu zvishoma nezvishoma akatanga kupinda mune zvematongerwe enyika bhora. Paumbwe nesayenzi ichi muna Russia haana atanga "kubva muvare". Dzimwe nyika rwave kare ruzivo pamusoro Sociological tsvakurudzo. Zvichienderana ichi ruzivo uye kudiwa funga nezvedambudziko yavaive enyika nezvemagariro evanhu kuva sainzi.

KuMadokero, enyika nezvemagariro evanhu sezvo siyanei munzanga nesayenzi yakagadzwa 30 - 50s remakore rechi20. Asi zvinhu zviri Sociological yokusvika kutaura upenyu enyika kwatova munyika zvesayenzi dzidziso yakatanga muna Ancient East, Ancient Greece uye Roma, uye ipapo vakanga muhurukuro mabasa N. Machiavelli, Hobbes, Sh L.Monteske, Zh.Bodena etc. .

vaongorori vakawanda vari pfungwa kuti havaoni enyika nezvemagariro evanhu zvinofanira kufungwa Karl Marx uye Max Weber. Political evanhu Weber akaita nechepakati yokuti simba semukana kumanikidza zvazvaida vamwe vechikamu zvose munzanga ukama, zvisinei kurwisa kwavo.

Zvinokosha paumbwe hwaro sayenzi yokungotaura vaiva mabasa Pareto, Sorokin, G. Mosca, T. Parsons, Duverger, R. Michels, D. Lasswell, uye pakutungamirira pokushandisa Marxist Plekhanov, Lenin raMwari, Gramsci, Kautsky nevamwe.

Muzana XX remakore. political evanhu yakakamurwa kuva nhamba nzira kuti kudzidza enyika: (. Bentley, J. Bryce) zvechechi, behaviorist (uye K. Boulding, Waldo D., C. Merriam) postbihevioristsky (S. Dodd, R. Ch Mills.) , Modelling (G. almond, K. Deutsch, D. Is¬ton,), ukoshi (D. Lasswell, F. Brough, L. Hoffman).

MuRussia, sayenzi iyi rakavapo pasi pokudzora nyanzvi Western. Zvisinei, kukura kwacho vasvika chakakomba zvikuru kuzvikomo, kazhinji mberi vaongorori Western. Zvabuda izvi zvinotsanangurwa maererano exigencies kwemarongerwe evanhu kupokana kuripo muchiRussia munzanga yacho.

rakakura kukura enyika wechipfuwo evanhu vane K. D. Kavelin, B. N. Chicherin, AD Gradovsky, MM Kovalevsky, SA Muromtsev, VI S., N. M. Korkunov, N. I. Kareev, GF Shershenevich BA Kistyakovsky.

The kuchinja kukura Russian sayenzi rwakabatana basa Sorokin. Akasika dzidziso Sociological, vakatanga purogiramu empirical tsvakurudzo. Akanyora "Public evanhu bhuku" umo yadzoswa methodological computations yekudyidzana zvazvinoita mberi kunzwisisa nyaya nesayenzi iyi.

nomupiro inokosha kune pakuzadzisa sayenzi M. Ya. Ostrogorsky.

Nyaya enyika nezvemagariro evanhu ichiri nyaya gakava yesayenzi (zviri kunzi musimboti simba, kodzero dzevanhu nerusununguko uye magariro mapoka, uye pane dzimwe pfungwa panyaya iyi). The chinhu kwayo anonzi upenyu enyika munhu dzakabudirira veruzhinji.