Typology kuti kumukira kwesayenzi uye typology kwenzanga mu evanhu

Typology akadana nzira yesayenzi, izvo anokamura chinhu maitiro uye mapoka tichibatsirwa ane idealized (kana generalized) womuenzaniso mhando kana. In evanhu, pane typologies wandei munzanga, asi zvikuru nomukurumbira uye kuzivikanwa ndiro typology pamusoro kwenzanga D. Bell uye typology kwenzanga A. Toffler.

Typology nzanga iri evanhu

Typology nzanga iri evanhu A. Toffler, uchifungidzira kuti "mafungu vatatu". Masayendisiti uye vanotsvakurudza A.Tofler aidavira kuti kukura, nzanga ine zvitatu zvinokosha zvikuru kushanduka: ari agrarian pokuchinja, maindasitiri uye kwesayenzi. Saka, kutanga chinozunguzirwa wakashandura muArabhu mu ndakagara kuvarimi. Wave wechipiri akachinja magariro hurongwa pamwe zvokurima kuti maindasitiri. Asi wave chetatu pakutanga kombiyuta yaitonga, akaparidza makasimbiswa nzanga itsva ruzivo.

Wokupedzisira wave, maererano A. Toffler, zvingaita chinoramba nokuchinja evanhu ukama kuti chidzoke sverhindustrialnogo muvanhu.

Nokudaro, kuvimba dzidziso yake, A. Toffler anosika zvinotevera typology munzanga:

- chinyakare kana agrarian munzanga,

- capitalist kana Industrial munzanga,

- modern, kana kuti ruzivo nzanga.

Uye anopa zvinotevera tsananguro sorvremennomu (ruzivo) vanhu. Achitenda kuti nzanga dzemazuva ano kunoratidzwa anotevera zvinhu: kuda kuramba kukura uye kuchinja, yakakwirira azvipire evanhu mufambo, rationalism, kwakavakirwa pazivo, maitiro evanhu hunodzorwa musika ukama, uyewo kusavapo tsika inorambidza nemirayiro uye zvakawanda.

Typology nzanga iri evanhu Daniel Bell anoona vanhu tichitarisa dzidziso zivo rwokugadzira. Kubva musi uyu, Daniel Bell ndiye akazivisa zvinotevera mhando kambani: kuti maindasitiri, maindasitiri uye post-maindasitiri.

Uye anopa akapindura romukova maindasitiri vanhu. Kuti izvi zvidaro, kambani zvinhu vari kuwedzera kutengeserana pakati inotaura, "mashoko kuputika", kureva. E. The kukosha uye basa mashoko inowedzera, uyewo kuburikidza kukura pakarepo kukurukurirana convergence nyika, kuti ndiyo. E. The chidzoke munhu "pose musha."

Typology pamusoro Scientific nokumukirana

The chimbichimbi Kuchinja wegadziriro kuti unhu hutsva rinonzi chimurenga. nokumukirana Scientific vanowanzopedzisira zvakawanda zvakasiyana zvinhu. Zvinokonzerwa typology ose nokumukirana kwesayenzi ndechokuti zvakakosha kuziva uye kuongorora zvose zvatinoita izvozvo, kunzwisisa basa uye simba neimwe nesayenzi. Zvisinei, kuziva uye kuwanikwa chinhu nguva dzose kunosanganisira kutsvaka ruzivo itsva uye nokunzwisisa, izvo zvinozoita anofanira kubatwa kuitira kuti ivo vakabatana nesayenzi. Mumwe muenzaniso uri kuwanikwa maikorosikopu iri zvipenyu kana teresikopu nezvenyeredzi, iyo akamupa nechitarisiko ruzivo rutsva kare dzisingambosvikiki uye kumukira sayenzi.

Scientific Revolution - .. Ko kuchinja zivo sayenzi panguva mudzi chikuru, kuti ndiro chidzoke zivo itsva kunotungamirira kuti chimurenga zvizere nesayenzi.

Govera 4 Mhando nokumukirana kwesayenzi anotevera chikonzero:

- the kwaita yokungotaura pfungwa itsva;

- kugadzira nzira itsva;

- kugadzira zvidzidzo zvitsva methodological;

- kuziva kutsvakurudza zvivako zvitsva.

Panewo typology kutsvakurudza zvimwe chikonzero:

- zvikamu of tsvakurudzo; (pakuonekwa nzira itsva, kuziva nyika itsva, uye vamwe.)

- noupamhi nhau (yose yechimurenga ari sainzi kana kunzwisisa).

Saka, sezvo typology pamusoro nokumukirana kwesayenzi, uye typology kwenzanga mu evanhu kwakavakirwa chinhu kudzidza kuburikidza hurongwa partition uye muzvikwata zvisina tsarukano maererano munhu generalized muenzaniso.