Polar the willow: Photo uye tsananguro. Zvinoita sokuti polar the willow ari achinaya mvura

The achinaya mvura iri hunodzorwa chete zvirimwa avo vari kupikisa nemarwadzo ayo okunze. Tundra nharaunda marshy, peaty uye matombo. Nemiti regai kupinda pano. nharaunda yavo nokuparadzirwa haaratidzi kudarika muganhu taiga nzvimbo. Northern expanses akafukidza nechinokambaira pamwe pasi zvipfupi miti achinaya mvura polar the willow, blueberries, cranberries nezvimwe elfin.

Flora aumbwa zvikurukuru chikwindi, lichen, sedges uye hunokuvadza. Low uswa zvino uye zvinodzongonyedza kuti chikwindi-lichen pamakusheni. Pamiti vanomirirwa zviduku siyana. Kune chete saka polar the willow zvipfupi Birch. miti duku dzimwe nzvimbo pakuputsa kuburikidza serried turf, kuwedzera zvachose.

Salix polaris - zvipfupi shrub

mumiririri Anowanikwa maruva zvinomera - Polár the willow. Kunyange zvazvo iye achinyanyisa duku, achiri ndowenyika achinaya mvura nemiti pane uswa. Zviduku plantlets vanomanikidzwa nokuda dzinongoitika ezvinhu musava kufanana sembeu ichangotanga kumera shrub uye zvipfupi, pasi pasi.

On dzakaonda muti madzinde wakasimbisa shoma uwandu mashizha refu-vakararama, regai chiwondomoke, sezvo dzimwe Pamikonachando mumatsutso. Ivo akafukidzwa nesinou kuramba girini. Chirimwa ane mazita maviri - a zvipfupi the willow uye Arctic. Polar the willow ari achinaya mvura haasi oga. Pamwe chete pane vamiriri reMagadhani, ari Yenisei, uswa uye akawanda nemamwe toyi dzinoita.

Muviri kukosha polar the willow

Willow anosiya - zvokudya zvakaisvonaka kuti ari poro. Vari kuti kugutsikana, muchando, vanopaza kubva chando. In yechando, izvozvo muchadya, atwo uye nemakwati Usarerutsa hares, partridges nemakonzo.

Arctic nemiti mashizha vari dzinodyiwa. Nordic marudzi kuunganidza chirimwa remangwana uye kugadzirira kubva pairi zvikuru zvekumwe zvokudya. Vari kubvisa nondo ura kuzadza mashizha hunovira uye nemvura umo kuvidza chirimwa. The chukchi vanopiwa musanganiswa the willow mashizha uye nondo ropa. Eskimos kwakarungwa nerpovym mafuta dzavo uye ropa. Mukuwedzera, mashizha kugadzirira ersatz tii.

tsananguro zvoutachiona

Miniature shrub herbaceous chitarisiko ane vakasiyana Climbing muti-hunde dzacho. Kuona mifananidzo, polar the willow iri kuratidzwa, uye unonetseka - sei noshamisa hunhu. Zviduku hunde dzacho akaumba duku mapazi pevhu. Havana kufanana vanhuwo miti vari pfupi. kureba wavo haadi kupfuudza 3-5 cm.

On zvinokambaira pamwe pasi, rooting mapazi yeyero dziri duku mashizha mashoma hwakaratidza pamusoro turf. Lanceolate stipules kunyange kuri muna chirimwa, asi kashoma. Vanowanzoita vanosarudza kusava. In Mashizha rehurukuro wakatenderera, broadly ovate shure. Dzimwe vari reniform uye apo neapo elliptically broadly. Vershinki ivo roundish.

Maumbirwe mashizha kazhinji notched. Mujinga kunge akataura zvimwe woita, vamwe akaita somwoyo, uye kuti chaizvo kashoma tapered mitsetse. Heuno polar the willow - muti kujairika achinaya mvura. In egirini ane mvere-unocheka mativi matte pamusoro uye pasi zvishoma kupenyerera. Kureba zvisina pemashanga chete 1 sendimita. Kureba mapepa Threaded zviende tiddly petioles, haasi kupfuudza 2.5 cm, apo noupamhi haasi kupfuura 1,3 cm.

Panoperera maruva catkins zvakaumbwa, kazhinji oblong kana ovate. Number maruva maduku mairi anoda kubva 3 kusvika 17. The zvidimbu bracts chikero inopiwa zvikuru polar the willow. Ichi parondedzero yavo, kubva shava flakes ovate (dzimwe nguva kuti shure ovate) wakatenderera, concave siyana kundosangana kuenzana mupendero ake.

Naked vakasununguka Stamens maviri. Vane rima dzinodzvova uye oblong-ovoid kujekesa nectary. Ovary conical, chiedza noruvara vainzwa pakutanga, mhanza ne nguva, repainting rwegirini kana dzepepuru zvenzwi. At yakashatiswa mumufambiro stigmas bifid yave oblong-Linear nectary.

Zvechokwadi, akadaro mashoko havangagoni kunzi zvakasikwa, uye kunyange zvakawanda saka ari mufananidzo. Polar the willow, kufanana nezvimwe zvirimwa zvakawanda, akadzidza ne zvinhu zvipenyu mumarabhoritari kwazvo.

The nharaunda kweArctic the willow

The kutonga pamusoro akaomarara miti kunotanga polar mumarenje, kufukidza chitsuwa kweArctic, uye kunosvika kune kuchamhembe nharaunda Putorana rwenze. Nzvimbo akabatwa zvipfupi shrub achinaya mvura Air, East Siberian, chukchi uye Kamchatka nyika. It Anotambanudza mhiri expanses ose Jan Mayen uye Svalbard.

Mugore kumbobvira ndokuguma Zvinotambudza akaipa tichitarisa utsinye Arctic muti akawana yakavimbika nzira kurarama ari yaisazoraramika kuchamhembe munzvimbo. Munguva chando zera, kana kuramba achiedza pedyo mazizaya vakava sokusingatsungiririki, polar the willow kumanikidzwa vakadzokera shure kusvika kumaodzanyemba.

Glacier kambaira shure akabvumira wake kuzodzosera andobata vaunofarira Northern Territory. Zvinonzi zvakasimba midzi yayo zvapfuura miganhu, Vakazopinda muNew Earth uye Mutungamiriri Islands. The kunoenderera Arctic nyungudika kunobatsira kukurudzira kuramba shrub miganhu kuti ari Far North. Ane ichimhanya zvikuru (nokuti zvipfupi zvinomera) chinopinda kupinda achinaya mvura uye kweArctic mapazi. nzvimbo yaro iri kuwedzera gore negore pedyo kiromita!

ivhu

Tree ane yakafarikana zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza amplitude. Vari akasarudzwa ivhu nziyo siyana. Dzivisa kutoti reraimu, zvisinei, uye dzimwe nguva akawana. Dzichifarira manyoro, dzine mabwe, nevhu nevhu runowanzoitika Arctic uye Zvikwenzi achinaya mvura. Anozvininipisa shrub mu ivhu nyoro. No polar the willow ari achinaya mvura kuti buda pamusoro-kuomeswa kana kunyanyokwidziridzwa nyorovera nzvimbo.

By pfuma nevhu zviri hanya. Zvisinei, izvozvo haadi kukura pane mukuru politrihovyh peat pazvikomo tira kuti marshy munzvimbo. Vakaita kwezvinoshandiswa acidic substrate, iyo haina kufanana zvipfupi nemiti. Asi inokura kwose kwose zonal achinaya mvura gley nevhu. Plant akasatarisira shoma ungano dzaiva chando. Ake kunosanganisira nival, nezvakanaka chando viomak makona.

Zvinhu zvipenyu vane polar the willow

Apo uzvirasire aitarire, anenge kwese, asi kuchamhembe munzvimbo, shrub kuchinjira chikwindi-lichen zviso. thallus kwakadaro - a stunner. nguwani yavo yakazara mutema, yero, orenji, tsvuku uye mamwe mavara vanoumba fabulously nzvimbo dzokuona dzakanaka. Willow hunde dzacho dziri nguva dzose Kunyudzwa mossy turf, uye mashizha, nekusiyana, hunopfuura huri wakajeka hillocks.

Tree akasungirirwa pokuwa hurungudo uye blocky, kuti aratidze zvakajeka mufananidzo. Polar the willow ari achinaya mvura akavanda crevices duku akaumba matombo. Between mabwe aiwana zvokuimba kudzivirirwa uye mukuru dhigirii ivhu manyowa.

Zvisinei, nokuda dzakawanda chikwindi uye lichen phytocenoses shrub anoda nzenza turf. Ndicho hukawanika kuti akaumba hypnum bokoplodnymi chikwindi, liverwort nemiti zvakafanana.

Ecological niches polar the willow

Vakagara zvipfupi shrub simbi gomo Zvaparara Putorana. Akawana utiziro pakati tuduku crevices uye makatsemuka, kuenzana Kotuiskaya uye Anabar rwenze. Ake mumatenhere nesinou akasungirirwa niches ukatakata nemhanza bhandi. Havana kukundikana kukambaira kudondo pamwe munyoro chikwindi thalli, uyo akavamba picturesque kuchamhembe mararamiro.

Uye mugomo mumipata echando sokunge polar the willow? Ikoko anoumba hombe mudenhere rayo. It yakafukidzirwa vadzimu snowfields uye chando zviri pedyo zvinokukanganisa akazendamira kubva mashizha maduku. Uye panguva imwecheteyo, chirimwa riri basa iri rakakura nokumapani dondo achinaya mvura uye kumaodzanyemba achinaya mvura.

It akaparadza pamusoro kuhova nival, mujinga nechokuchamhembe dzakatenuka. Dwarf the willow mumatenhere kupararira Lakeside obomshelym pamakwenzi. Vakanga akafukidzwa skirting zvikuru incised hova.

Basa ravo riri kukura hwokufananidzira achinaya mvura. Zvakawanda the willow muchadya kucherechedza mune zvinhu zvipenyu moraine nzvimbo. Apo mumapani vane mapute kusiiwa mazizaya kuti matombo nemarara kutama. The alluvial uye alluvial munyika dzine kwakaderedza basa mugwenzi.

Inofambidzana kunakidza, zvinoita sokuti polar the willow, iyo mifananidzo nezvazvo, makwapa achinaya mvura, pamusoro pemidengerero pamusoro pomupata dzemvura, uye apo watersheds yakarongwa uye kuumbwa dellevye zvivako. Mumaguta pamwe Ivkov-chikwindi-uswa thalli.

Kutonga the willow nemiti pamusoro achinaya mvura

In pamberi polar the willow hwapedyo uswa peArctic achinaya mvura. Uye zvipfupi shrub vachishingaira kunodzora akawanda Upland phytocenoses. Zvikurukuru, iye muzvinhu Ivkov-chikwindi uye uswa nemunharaunda. Uyezve, akaona kuwanda pagomo yemakomo Byrranga.

Zhinji mumatenhere vane pfupi the willow Inoziva Moss achinaya mvura. Ivo tsinga crevices detrital achinaya mvura. Zvava zororo dellevye zvivako, zvishwe, mu manyowa-vapfumi, hombe uye chando maguta. Willow zvachose anofukidza polygonal rollers mupata marshes.

Willow Mountain

On the the willow pamakwenzi dzikavaka matendere crevices pakati namabwe, simuka inoshamisa mifananidzo. Polar the willow mu nharaunda gomo vari Kazhinji, ndizvo nhengo nzvimbo siyana, anokunda ndima huru. mashizha vanoramba kusimuka vakakomba bhandi gomo, zvichiita nzira yake pamusoro. Pano haina kukwezva chete pachena scree hongu nezadernovannye gravelly nzvimbo.

Climbing kuti kukwirira 300-400 metres, izvozvo displaces dryad, kuva hune edificator gomo achinaya mvura phytocenoses kusimukira pamusoro weDanho. Uyezve, anogona bvikinyidza mumunda pegomo mavhu uye jecha the willow monetolistnuyu tadza muende steeps. Blocky chete Zvaparara mezvikomo uye zvikomo vashoma Byrranga remasanganiswa polar the willow.