Phosphorus mumuviri womunhu: mutengo, rova

Nemakemikari omuviri - zvipenyu kuti vanodzidza makemikari anoumba masero pachake uye nhengo yose. Zvinozivikanwa kuti zvinenge 98% muchitokisi mukati zvinosanganisira okisijeni, carbon, senitrogen uye rehydrogen. mishonga izvi zvinonzi organogenic. 1.8% ndivo potassium, yavaibvisa, magnesium, kuiisa chlorine uye phosphorus. Muvanhu, ivo rutivi zvicherwa munyu uye vane chimiro nyore kana kunzwisisa ions, kupa chakaipa nzira muviri siyana. Somuenzaniso, chikuru mukomboni kwamakamuri anokonzera kuchinjwa masero Maitiro - nucleic acids - vanoumba anions vari anions pakati phosphoric acid.

The ATP Morekuru hwaakange Software sero simba anosanganisirawo phosphorus ions. Munyaya ino, ratinoparidza mienzaniso kuti asimbise basa rinokosha phosphorus mumuviri womunhu uye migumisiro dzayo muviri.

Covalent polar zvisungo uye kukosha kwavo

Panobva maumbirwo Organic zvinhu vanoumba mupenyu nyaya, ndiye mano mamorekuru yokuumba imwe mhando kwemakemikari chisungo. Inonzi polar covalent uye yomuka pakati nonmetal maatomu, anosarudza dzinokosha unhu makemikari. Nemakemikari omuviri, kudzidza maumbirwo mamorekuru ose zvinhu zviri chirimwa mumasero, notumwe tupukanana mhuka, kuisa kwavo makemikari anoumba. Zvakazozivikanwa kuti, kunze senitrogen, carbon, okisijeni, uye dzine phosphorus. Muvanhu, hazvina rinowanikwa vakasununguka mamiriro, sezvo zvikuru muchetura. Naizvozvo, pakurarama hurongwa chaikosha ane chimiro anions meta-, ortho- kana pyrophosphoric acid, izvo anokwanisa kuumba zvisungo pamwe simbi cations. In chii zvinhu vanogona kusangana masero?

Phosphorus iri kunzwisisa Organic mamorekuru

Mapuroteni skeletal ezvinhu, mahormone, mavhitaminzi, uye lipids vaite phosphorus tubhokisi kunzwisisa ions dzakaoma yeimwe. Muvanhu pane zvakaoma yeimwe - uye fosfoproteidy phospholipids, dzinoumba mamorekuru ose pakugadzira vanoshingaira zvinhu - makemikari uye steroids. Polar covalent zvisungo mu DNA uye RNA nucleotides kubvumira paumbwe phosphodiester zvisungo zviri nucleic asidhi nengetani. Sei kudiwa phosphorus mumuviri uye chii vari mabasa ayo ari muviri? Ngatitangei takurukura nyaya iri cellular pamwero musangano.

Place phosphorus iri zvokuvamba Zvinoumba masero

Maererano tigutsikane ari cytoplasm uye organelles (0.2-1%), asiri simbi iri panzvimbo yechina mushure organogenic okunze. Most zvine locomotor phosphorus yeimwe masero - osteocytes, mazino zvinyama fuma - dentin. Great ndiko kugutsikana kwavo Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu uye glia, izvo vanoumba tsinga. Phosphorus maatomu zviri Kamudzira mapuroteni, nucleic acids uye simba zvinhu - adenosine triphosphate ATP uye kuderedzwa chimiro nikotinamiddinukleotidfosfata - NADP × H _2. Sezvatinoona mumuviri womunhu phosphorus inowanikwa zvose inokosha zvivako: masero, munyama, vasiri gadziriro.

Zvinozivikanwa kuti padanho muchitokisi homeostasis, rakazaruka zvoutachiona hurongwa kunoenderana wevasungwa kuti ions siyana mune intercellular mvura uye hyaloplasm. Chii mashandiro phosphorus iri kwerunyararo kuramba womukati ezvinhu womunhu muviri?

The buffer hurongwa

Nokuda pfuma kuburikidza rokunze semipermeable Kamudzira kupinda muchitokisi nguva dzose anowana siyana zvinhu, mukuru pfungwa anogona kukanganisa kwayakaita. Kuti neutralize zvakawandisa chepfu ions, ari cytoplasm, pamwe chete cations yavaibvisa, potassium, calcium, rine acidic residues carbonate, sulfite, uye phosphoric acids. Vanokwanisa sei nemunhu nekumwisa ions ukabatwa Sedendere, uye kudzora kwemashoko intracellular mukati. The buffer maitiro kunze ions kusimba acids, hazvo zvinosanganisira anions HPO ₄ ^2- uye H ₂ PO ₄ ^- chine phosphorus. Muvanhu, izvozvo rinoumbwa imwe buffer hurongwa chinopa physiologically chakaipa nzira metabolic siyana panguva cellular chechetere.

oxidative phosphorylation

Kukamurwa Organic yeimwe muchitokisi anonzi Kurovedza afemeruke. The vakatozodzokera - the mitochondria. On yomukati pazvirugu - cristae organelles - riri makemikari zvivako. Somuenzaniso, mashoko ATPase maitiro unotora molekuly- Erekitironi vatakuri. Nokuda Maitiro catalyzed ne makemikari kubva ADP uye vakasununguka phosphoric asidhi mamorekuru synthesized ATP - yezvisikwa simba masero mumiririri wakapedza kuti kubereka kwavo, kukura, inofamba. inotungamirwa Its zvinogona kumiririrwa mu itsanangudzo maitiro zano: F = ADP + ATP. Zvadaro adenosinetriphosphate mamorekuru uchingounganidza ari cytoplasm. Vanoshanda seinokonzera simba nokuda zvokuimba basa, somuenzaniso, ari tsandanyama ino, uye zvinoitwa mapurasitiki exchange. Saka, zviri phosphorus mumuviri womunhu ane basa rinokosha mune simba muviri.

Phosphodiester zvisungo nhodzera mamorekuru

High mabhomba phosphorus tigutsikane wakanyorwa muchitokisi musimboti, sezvo chikamu nhengo nucleic acids. Chavhurwa musayendisiti remakore rechi19 Swiss F. Miescher, ivo biopolymers rinoumbwa monomers uye - nucleotides. Phosphorus aripo zvose purine uye pyrimidine nezvigadziko uye anobatanidza achiumba cheni RNA uye superhelix DNA. The monomers ose ari nucleic acids vanokwanisa wezvamatongerwe polymer chivako kubudisa covalent zvisungo pakati pentose residues uye phosphoric asidhi akarara pedyo nucleotides. Dzinonzi phosphodiester. Kudzikisirana DNA uye RNA mamorekuru kuitika mumasero yevanhu pachena kuti zvakaoma wegamma nemwaranzi kana chepfu nokuda muchetura imhaka atsamwira pamusoro phosphodiester kusungwa. It inotungamirira Cell rufu.

zvoutachiona membranes

Structure kutsanangura chinhu mukati zviri muchitokisi, uye akaumbwa phosphorus. Vanhu vanosvika 40% kubudikidza yakaoma kurema inowira pasi yeimwe ane phospholipids uye fosfoproteidy. Ndivo zvikuru zvinoriumba ari Kamudzira layer umo munewo zvinhu zvakadai mapurotini uye makabhohaidhiretsi. High phosphorus kugutsikana ndizvo kuti goko neurocytes uye pezvakaitwa - dendrites uye axon. Phospholipids membranes kupa plasticity, uye nemhaka remafuta akawandisa mamorekuru uye kunyange simba. Ivo inoitawo basa rechipiri nhume - zvichikurukura mamorekuru kuti vari activators ose effector mapuroteni dzinobatanidzwa tsinga zvatinganzwa.

Parathyroid mumasero vavo basa phosphorus muviri

Similar pizi avete vose lobes ari thyroid shwanu uye kuva kurema 0.5-0.8 d nerimwe, kuti parathyroid shwanu kuti secrete parathyroid kemikari. It anoita kupanana zvinhu zvakadai calcium phosphorus mumuviri. The mabasa akafanana Migumisiro avo osteoblasts uye osteocytes - mapfupa masero, izvo vanotungamirirwa kemikari kutanga secrete munyu phosphoric asidhi ari extracellular mvura. Kana hyperfunction of parathyroid mumasero mapfupa evanhu vanorasikirwa simba, kunyevenutsa uye kuputsa, kuti phosphorus tigutsikane mavari kunoderedza nehasha. Panguva ino, mikana yakawanda mitswe ari nomuzongoza, chiuno uye hudyu, kutyisidzira upenyu murwere. Panguva imwe chete, kuwedzera uwandu calcium. Izvi zvinotungamirira hypercalcemia pamwe zviratidzo peripheral tsinga nokuwa skeletal tsandanyama matauriro. PTH anoita itsvo, nokuderedza reabsorption phosphorus munyu kubva chikuru weti. Kuwedzera phosphate kugutsikana mune itsvo rinenge kunokonzera hyperphosphaturia uye calculus inotungamirwa.

The chicherwa Zvinoumba mapfupa tishu

Pokuoma, simba uye elasticity yokutsigira mamiriro kunobva makemikari anoumba pfupa masero. Osteocytes ane sezvo Organic yeimwe, semuenzaniso ossein mapuroteni, uye inorganic zvinhu zvine phosphate munyu calcium magnesium. With zera, munhu chicherwa zvinoriumba akadai hydroxylapatite mu osteocytes uye osteoblasts inowedzerawo. Zvemamiriro pfupa mineralization, kuunganidza calcium munyu nekusazvidzora phosphorus mumuviri kunotungamirira kukurasikirwa elasticity uye simba marangwanda, saka vanhu vakwegura kazhinji vari pangozi kukuvara uye mitswe.

Kutendeutsa phosphorus yeimwe mumuviri womunhu

The pakukura zvomudumbu shwanu mumuviri womunhu - chiropa - akabatanidzwa aitungamirira basa iri Exchange zvinoitwa phosphorus tubhokisi yeimwe. Parathyroid kemikari uye vhitamini D vanobatsirawo azvaiitwa. The daily chinodiwa kuti vakuru maatomu akafanana ndizvo 1,0-2, 0 magiramu, vana uye kuyaruka - 2.5 phosphorus muchimiro nyore digestible munyu uyewo zvivako pamwe mapuroteni uye makabhohaidhiretsi mumuviri womunhu kunobva zvokudya.

Vazere sunflower mbeu, nhanga, hemp ose. In zvokudya mhuka mavambo zvikuru phosphorus iri huku chiropa, nyama, zvakaoma chizi, hove. Zvakawandisa phosphorus mumuviri zvinogona kukonzera zvinetso reabsorbtsionnoy renal basa, kushandisa mavhitaminzi, karusiyamu kushayiwa zvokudya. The akaipa mugumisiro phosphorus pamusoro womunhu muviri anonyanya wakaratidzwa lesion pakati kumwoyo, itsvo uye mapfupa midziyo uye zvingaratidza kwakakomba metabolic zvirwere.