Pfungwa competencies vavo nemifananidzo, uye kwevari kugona. Competencies ari pedagogical muitiro. Competencies nedzidzo

Vazhinji vaongorori kudzidza pfungwa competencies uye rudzi rwavo, tara dzavo chinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakawanda, hurongwa uye chinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakawanda hunhu. Panyaya iyi, dambudziko wekusarudza seanokwanisa kuita zvinhu zvizhinji vavo vanoonekwa kuti mumwe kiyi. Ngatimboongororai zvimwe ndezvipi mhando dzakasiyana uye kwevari kugona.

tsananguro

Pari zvino pane zvakasiyana-siyana nzira kuti kupatsanura ravo rakakura. Panyaya iyi, chikuru marudzi competencies takatsunga kuposha European uye nyika nehurongwa. The GEF ega inopa tsanangudzo zvinokosha mhando. Zvikurukuru, ichi musiyano kukwanisa kugona. Chokutanga chine ruzivo zvakananga, unyanzvi uye mano umo munhu anoziva uye ane ruzivo. Kugona Zviri kukwanisa vanoshingaira kushandisa vakawana ruzivo nyanzvi uye pauzima mukufamba kwavo mabasa.

Chakakoshera mubvunzo

Zvinofanira akati kuti pari zvino hakuna chete kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro nzvimbo tsanangudzo "Musimboti competencies." Uyezve, mune zvakasiyana-siyana zvinyorwa, vanotaurwa nezvavo zvakasiyana. Achisimbisa Mhando kiyi competencies dzidzo, vatsvakurudzi padzakacherechedza blurring uye kushaya nehasha pamusoro weboka mukati mhando izvi. Muenzaniso uri kupatsanura pakati GK Selevko. Maererano mafungiro muongorori, kune marudzi dzakadai competencies, akadai:

1. Vanotaurirana.
2. Akarongeka.
3. Information.
4. Vanobudirira.
5. Avtonomizatsionnaya.
6. Moral.
7. Social.

Peresekaemost maclass (nehasha) runoratidzwa kupatsanura ichi ndechokuti, somuenzaniso, negoho unogona kuonekwa sechinhu vakawanda pfuma chero basa: pakukurukurirana kana kugadzirisa kwemasvomhu mabasa. Information chikamu overlaps nevamwe, uye zvichingodaro. Saka, marudzi aya competencies hazvigoni dzinounzwa sezvo unoparadzanisa. Pindana tsika uyewo rinowanikwa kupatsanura pakati A. V. Hutorskogo. It inorondedzera zvinotevera competencies:

1. Inodzidzisa uye anodzidzisa.
2. Tsika uye nezvaanoreva.
3. Social uye basa.
4. Vanotaurirana.
5. General tsika.
6. Unhu.
7. Information.

Vanyori siyana dzinogona kuwanikwa pakati 3 uye 140 competencies. Muna 1996, INDICATIVE mazita dzinokosha Mapato akanga akagadzira mumwe dzokusiyirana muBern. Chinosanganisira zvinotevera competencies:

1. Social uye enyika.
2. Intercultural. Vanobvumira kuti mushandirapamwe kuvapo vanhu chero chitendero kana tsika.
3. Pakusarudza anogona kudzidza hwose.
4. Chokuita nhaka yakanyorwa uye nomumukanwa kutaurirana.

zvemumba kupatsanura

The kwazvo, maererano nyanzvi, Mhando competencies unyanzvi kuzvibatanidza IA Winter. kupatsanura Its kwakavakirwa Mapato yemabasa. Winter anozivisa zvinotevera mhando competences nemazvo:

1. Vachirondedzera kune munhu somunhu, sezvinoita pasi pakukurukurirana mabasa.
2. Chokuita evanhu nekuita zvakatipoteredza.
3. Zvakananga kunokonzerwa nemabasa evanhu.

Nerimwe boka, akapa maonero avo anokosha competencies. Saka, kutanga zvinotevera mumapoka vanobatanidzwa:

1. Zdorovesberezheniya.
2. Value-pfungwa zvevhiki munyika.
3. Ugari.
4. Kusangana.
5. Specialization uye pachako kufungisisa.
6. Personal kukura.
7. Kuzvidzora.
8. Professional kukura.
9. Speech uye mutauro kukura.
10. Zvinoreva upenyu.
11. Nhaka tsika mutauro waamai.

In yechipiri boka kune unyanzvi hunokosha competencies ndiwo:

1. Communication.
2. Social kudyidzana.

Mumakore chinogumbura zvaisanganisira kugona:

1. Activity.
2. Information rwokugadzira.
3. Zvishande.

STRUCTURAL zvinhu

Kana, ipapo wana misiyano inokosha pakati pavo rakanyatsojeka zvakaoma kuongorora akasarudza vanyori competencies mune dzidzo. Muchirevo chechinyorwa chino, zvinobatsira kufunga Mapato sezvo vzaimopodchinennyh zvinoumba nyaya basa raMwari. Sechikamu chero zvoupenyu basa kugona rinosanganisira zvinotevera zvinoriumba:

1. Zvishande.
2. Motivational.
3. Axiological (ukoshi ukama dzidziso yacho munhu).
4. Practical (unyanzvi, mano, ruzivo, unyanzvi).
5. Emotional uye nesarudzo. Muchiitiko ichi kugona sechinhu zvinogona kugona. Rinogona chinozoiswa mune rwebasa nezvebasa uye zvinofanira abudirire kushandisa kuzvidzora zvigadziriswe.

chinokosha

Mhando mudzidzisi competencies, maererano vamwe vatsvakurudzi, zvinofanira kusanganisira mbiri zvinokosha. Mabasa chokutanga socio-mupfungwa chinotaurwa. It presupposes chido uye kuda co-kuripo maererano nevamwe uye pachavo. The chinhu chechipiri - nyanzvi. Kunosanganisira chido uye chido kushanda imwe mumunda basa. Mumwe nomumwe yenhengo izvi, akavapindurawo, inogona rakakamurwa mamwe competencies. The pedagogical muitiro kupa inokosha uye anokosha okunze. Aimbova inoreva vakapedza mumayunivhesiti zvose. Ekupedzisira zvinokosha zvikuru basa.

Kugona (mhando pedagogy)

For Nyanzvi yemberi akagadzirirwa hurongwa zvinosanganisira 4 zvinogumbura. In nomumwe wavo akatsanangura mhando nounyanzvi kugona of mudzidzisi:

1. Uchitikurudzira socio-mupfungwa.
2. Professioinal.
3. Special socio-mupfungwa.
4. Total nyanzvi.

The yokupedzisira kunotsanangurwa so dzinokosha unyanzvi, ruzivo, unyanzvi, unyanzvi uye akagadzirira actualization yavo chaiyo boka. misa Izvi zvinogona raisanganisira marudzi akadaro vadzidzi 'competencies, yakadai se:

1. Administration uye kutarisirwa.
2. Research.
3. Production.
4. Design uye zvinovaka.
5. Teaching.

Special chikamu kunosanganisira padanho uye mhando akapedza kudzidzisa, kuvapo kwake chido uye vakagadzirira vaifanira kushandisa yakananga basa. kugutsikana kwavo Akatsunga maererano nehurumende kodzero parameters. General socio-mupfungwa kugona ndivo chido uye kuzvipira zvinobudirira kusakarongeka nevamwe, kukwanisa kunzwisisa vamwe uye isu pamusoro colour ose nokusingaperi-kuchinja pfungwa inoti, kwezvakatipoteredza ezvinhu, interpersonal ukama. Maererano neizvi, emit dzinokosha Mapato anoumba nechepamberi. Zvinosanganisira mhando competencies akadai akadai:

1. Social (kukwanisa kushanda mune rimwe boka / chikwata, basa, kushivirira).
2. Personal (chido uye kuda kutanga pachako, kudzidza, kuvandudza, uye zvichingodaro.).
3. Information (vaiva yaivapo ruzivo, avo kushandisa mano, ruzivo mutauro wokumwe uye nezvimwewo.).
4. Environmental (ruzivo mitemo yezvinhu zvakasikwa uye vanhu, etc.).
5. Valeological (chido uye kuda kuti akuteerere utano hwavo).

Special socio-mupfungwa kugona nedzidziso unyanzvi chekuunganidza kukosha, kubva nyanzvi nemaonero, unhu izvo zvinopa pakarepo yauinayo basa.

unyanzvi hunokosha

Types vadzidzi competencies vanoshumira se huru dzekuziva kuti unhu yokudzidziswa kwavo, ukuru inotungamirwa unyanzvi hunokosha. Pakati yokupedzisira pane zvinotevera unyanzvi:

• hurumende;
• kutaurirana;
• munzanga uye vehurumende;
• Entrepreneurship;
• utariri;
• analizatorskie.

Mujinga chikwata anosanganisirawo:

• psychomotor unyanzvi;
• zvishande mano;
• obschetrudovye unhu;
• kugarisana nevamwe;
• nomumwe vaifarira unyanzvi.

Pano pane:

• pachake, uye sensorimotor unyanzvi;
• munzanga uye nyanzvi unyanzvi ;
• polyvalent kugona;
• inokosha zvishande mano uye nezvimwewo.

zvinoitwa

Kuongorora unyanzvi pamusoro apa, zvingaita kucherechedzwa kuti zvinoenderana inokosha marudzi competencies mune dzidzo. Saka, mashoko evanhu chikwata chinosanganisira anogona kutora basa, kushandira zvinetso pamwe uye kubatanidzwa Implementation yavo. The Social kugona kunosanganisira uye achishivirira kuti dzakasiyana-siyana zvitendero netsika dzemadzinza, kuratidzwa conjugation nomunhu zvido pamwe zvinodiwa kwenzanga uye basa. The zvishande chikwata dzinosanganisira kuda kuwedzera pamwero zivo, kudiwa nokuziva uye actualization pauzima, tinofanira kuongorora mashoko matsva uye kuwana unyanzvi hutsva, kukwanisa kuzvidzora kuvandudzika.

Kwevari kugona kukura

Mamirire maitiro zviratidzi hadzina zvikuru kuongorora unyanzvi yacho. Asi nezvezvichaitwa zvinokosha siyana okukura aripo competences. It anonzi Wekumusoro-chinja maitiro rondedzero kushandiswa mune dzimwe makambani dzokuMadokero. Mukati kupatsanura ichi vanogona kusarudza unhu anokosha, achiisa pamusoro zvakakodzera matanho. Mumazuva ainakidza shanduro nerimwe kukwaniswa inopa 5 nhanho:

1. Leadership - A.
2. Strong - V.
3. Basic - S.
4. Kukwana - D.
5. Kusingagutsi - E.

Last pamwero kunoratidza kuti nyaya haana unyanzvi hunodiwa. Uyezve, iye haaedzi kunyange kuva navo. Izvi pamwero anoonekwa kuti kusingagutsi, nekuti vanhu havana chete regai kushandisa chero unyanzvi, asi havanzwisisi kukosha kwavo. The kukwana dhigirii kunoratidza kukwana kuratidzwa unyanzvi. Nyaya kunoita kuti kuedza kushandisa unyanzvi dziri kugona, kunzwisisa kukosha kwavo, zvisinei, mugumisiro izvi hariwaniki zvose nyaya. Basic pamwero anonzi zvakakwana uye zvakakodzera kuti vanhu. Izvi pamwero inoratidza chii unyanzvi chaizvo uye maitiro mabasa vari runozivisa kugona ichi. Basic pamwero vaiona Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri kuti chiito chinoshanda. The simba pamwero kugona vanoenderana vaitungamirira cadres ose pakati mamaneja. Anoti ari Maturity unyanzvi zvakanaka kwazvo. Sangano pakuva unyanzvi yakaoma, anogona kushingaira simba pane zviri kuitika, kugadzirisa operative nhau dzinonetsa ezvinhu. Izvi sandara kunosanganisirawo kugona kutarisira uye kudzivirira kunaka mananara. The soro mwero inotungamirwa unyanzvi hunodiwa nokuda pamusoro mamaneja. Hutungamiri pamwero inodiwa mamaneja pakutora zvine urongwa sarudzo. danho iri yokuti nyaya asingakwanisi chete pasina kushandisa pamwe zvakafanira unyanzvi, asi anogona vaunze vamwe mikana yakakodzera. Munhu utungamiri pamwero competences, anoronga mabasa kuzoumba mitemo, mirayiro, nzira, zvikaita kuti kuratidzwa unyanzvi nemano.

Terms of Kuziva

vanofanira chinobudirira kushandiswa competencies nhaka zvinoverengeka fanira zvinhu. Zvikurukuru vanofanira kuva:

1. Exhaustive. List pakati competencies anofanira kufukidza zvose ne basa.
2. Discrete. Dzinenge competencies vanofanira aenzane imwe basa, zviri pachena kubva nevamwe. In Kana apo unyanzvi bindepinde, pane zvinetso kuongorora kuita kana nyaya.
3. Pfungwa. Kugona inofanira runotsanangurwa zvakajeka. No vanofanira kuvavarira kusvika muna imwe unyanzvi, kufadza nhamba yeminda yebasa.
4. Available. Akashandiswa nomumwe kukwaniswa anofanira kuva vakadaro kuti rinogona kwose kushandiswa.
5. Dzakananga. Competencies akagadzirirwa kusimbisa Kwevadzidzi uye kusimbisa refu zvinangwa. Kana hadzioneki, kuti zvinozoita kwete kwavari.
6. Modern. competences of zvakaoma ngairambe vanofanira aongorora uye kugadziridzwa maererano chokwadi. Vanofanira kufunga zvose kuitika uye ramangwana zvinodiwa yacho, vanhu, mabhizimisi uye hurumende.

Zvinoumba inotungamirwa

Sezvo chikamu kugona anotsanangura nzira sezvo zvakonzerwa pedagogical basa anoshumira paumbwe unyanzvi hunokosha. Izvi zvinosanganisira kukwanisa:

1. Kutsanangura Chiitiko pamusoro ano, ndivo, muchiswededza ukama pakati pavo, vachishandisa zvakakodzera ruzivo.
2. Kudzidza - zvinetso mumunda mabasa edzidzo.
3. Kufamba nokukurumidza zvinetso nguva yedu. Izvi zvinosanganisira, kunyanya zvinosanganisira enyika, kwezvakatipoteredza, muchinjikwa-tsika nyaya.
4. Kugadzirisa matambudziko kuti ndezvemamiriro rakasiyana-siyana nyanzvi uye mamwe mabasa.
5. Dzokumabvazuva muzviitiko zvemweya.
6. Kugadzirisa matambudziko chokuita Implementation nezvevamwe evanhu mabasa.

vadzidzisi mabasa

Nezvekugadzirwa kugona kwete chete rinosundwa Implementation idzva zviri dzidzo, asiwo zvemichina uye nzira kurairirwa, zvakakwana kuti mamiriro ano. The Pamazita rakanyatsojeka rakafara, uye Mikana siyana chaizvo. Nezvenyaya iyi, inofanira kuziva anokosha zvine urongwa nzira. Somuenzaniso, imwe zvakakwana yakakwirira zvinogona zvibereko ruzivo uye unyanzvi. Implementation Its kunokanganisa kubudirira kwakaita competencies uye kutsvaka competences. Mazita inokosha mabasa kwevadzidzisi, saka dzinosanganisira:

1. Kuumba mamiriro ezvinhu kuzvidzora vasinganyatsooni vana.
2. Kuitwa unyanzvi zvibereko uye ruzivo.
3. Development zvinotarisirwa kuti muzadze chawo muupenyu.

kurumbidza

zvinofanira kutungamirirwa zvimwe mitemo Implementation ari mabasa pamusoro apa:

1. Chokutanga, mudzidzisi anofanira kunzwisisa kuti chinokosha kwayakaita sokuti haana kuramba, uye unhu inopfurwa wayo kupindura.
2. vanofanira ndisingarangariri nguva uye kushanda kurovedzwa basa. Vana vanofanira kubatsirwa kukura kupfuura zvibereko nzira mabasa edzidzo uye anodzidzisa.
3. mubvunzo inofanira kushandiswa kakawanda kuti kukura mafungiro kwacho, "Sei?". Kunzwisisa causal ukama kunoshanda zvinokosha nemamiriro inoshanda basa.
4. Development hwokusika kwaniso rinoitwa nevanhu misoro kuongorora zvinetso.
5. In nekugadzirisa zvishande mabasa anofanira kushandiswa nenzira dzakawanda.
6. Vadzidzi vanofanira kunzwisisa vangangoramba dzidzo yavo. Panyaya iyi, vanowanzoita vanofanira kutsanangura migumisiro yezvavanoita, migumisiro vauye.
7. Nokuti zviri nani kuitwa nezivo wegadziriro zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa urongwa uye zvirongwa.
8. Nokufamba yedzidzo muitiro zvakafanira kufunga munhu maitiro evana. Kuti zviite mhinduro matambudziko edzidzo inofanira conditionally chokubatanidza vapinde kusiyaniswa boka. Mavari zvinokurudzirwa kuti zvinosanganisira vana zivo pamusoro chete. Nokuti kunzwisisa zvinhu chaizvo zvechiratidzo here kutaura nevabereki uye nevamwe vadzidzisi nani.
9. Zvakakosha kufungawo zvinoitika mwana mumwe nomumwe zvinofarirwa, budiriro chaizvo. The chikoro anofanira kushanda pamwe chete semhuri.
10. Research basa vana vanofanira kukurudzirwa. Unofanira kutsvaka nzira vadzidzi magadzirirwo pamusoro kwacho zivisa, algorithms inoshandiswa kugadzirisa matambudziko uye muitiro mashoko kubva siyana zvinyorwa.
11. Zvakakosha kutsanangura vana kuti mumwe munhu pane nzvimbo muupenyu, kana nhaka zvose zviri munguva yemberi kukonzera kuzadziswa ake zvirongwa.
12. Unofanira kudzidzisa kuitira kuti mwana wose anonzwisisa kuti ruzivo kwaari - rinokosha kunofanirawo.

mitemo zvose izvi uye vanorumbidza - chete chiduku pakudzidzisa uchenjeri uye unyanzvi, zvakaitika nezvizvarwa. Zvisinei, kushandisa kwavo, yekudyidzana hwezvekukurukurirana chirongwa Implementation mabasa uye kunoita zvakawanda kukurumidza budiriro iri zvinangwa dzidzo, wakaumbwa paumbwe uye kukura unhu. Hapana mubvunzo, zvose mitemo izvi vanofanira dzakashandisa mamiriro ano. Fast-aifamba upenyu kunoita zvinoda itsva pakunaka dzidzo, unyanzvi, professionalism, unhu vechikamu zvose pakuitika pachavo. Kana kuronga mabasa ayo mudzidzisi anofanira ngaafunge izvi. Pasi ichi kwayakaita uchapinza inotarisirwa mugumisiro.