Mamineral dzavo zvivako. Kushandiswa zvicherwa

Kune vakawanda dzinongoitika deposits inokosha yevanhu zvinhu. Ko zvinhu zviri exhaustible uye kuti zvinofanira kuchengetedzwa. Pasina kukura kwavo uye kugadzirwa zvakawanda muupenyu zvaizonetsa.

Mamineral dzavo zvivako - ndiyo chinhu uye nyaya yokudzidza zvemaumbirwo Mining. Zvakabuda yake kushandiswa pave paya kuti kubudiswa uye kugadzirwa zvinhu zvizhinji.

Mamineral vavo zvivako

Chii kazhinji unonzi zvicherwa? Ava mabwe kana chicherwa zvivako, vane guru National zvoupfumi kukosha uye vari zvinowanzoshandiswa indasitiri.

Kusiyana kwavo guru, saka ehupfumi nechimwe dzakananga. Kune akawanda zvinokosha kusarudza kuwanda nezvinhu zvakasikwa:

• placers;
• idzodzo;
• waya;
• mumatanda;
• dendere.

Kana isu nezvazvo mukuru kufambiswa nezviwanikwa, tinogona kusiyanisa:

• mudunhu;
• nzvimbo;
• kushambira madziva;
• munda.

Mamineral dzavo zvivako kuvimba chaiyo mhando mbishi zvinhu. Ndicho ichi akatsunga uye nzvimbo kushandiswa kwevanhu, uye nzira dzokubudisa uye kugadzira.

Forms zvicherwa

Hapana kupatsanura pakati vaiona zvinhu. Saka, kana inobva zviratidzo mamiriro aggregation, rokusunungura kwakadaro kwemarudzi.

1. Kubatsira chikukutu he. Mienzaniso: machena, munyu, girenayiti, simbi ores, nonmetallic.
2. Muupenyu - chicherwa mvura pevhu uye mafuta.
3. Gas - negasi, nehelium.

Kana hwaro weboka iri mhando kushandiswa chicherwa pfuma, apo kupatsanura anotora zvinotevera chimiro.

1. Combustible. Mienzaniso: mafuta, mafuta shale, marasha, methane uye nevamwe.
2. Mhangura kana igneous. Mienzaniso: zvose resimbi-esimbi pakugadzira zvinhu, uyewo asbestos uye graphite.
3. Nonmetallic. Mienzaniso: zvose pakugadzira zvinhu, harina nesimbi (ivhu, jecha, choko, mavhu, etc.), uyewo munyu siyana.
4. Dombo rinokosha. Mienzaniso anokosha uye Semi-zvinokosha uye anokosha (ngoda, nesafiri, anokosha, esimaragidhino, nejedhi, chalcedony, hiakindi, sard, etc.).

Yapuwa siyana zviri pachena kuti zvicherwa uye avo zvivako - ndiro yose iyo rinoongorora akawandisa Nyanzvi miners unyanzvi.

Huru deposits

Various chicherwa pfuma (zvicherwa) vari zvakaenzana zvakaenzana mhiri nyika maererano Geological zvinhu. Zvechokwadi, rinokosha wavo inoumbwa kuchikuva kuti tectonic kufamba uye kwemakomo. Pane makondinendi huru dzakawanda, zviri zvikuru akapfuma zvinenge nemhando dzose mbishi zvinhu. Ivo:

• North uye South America.
• Eurasia.
• Africa.

All nyika dziri munzvimbo yakasarudzwa, zvakadzama kushandisa zviwanikwa zvavo zvivako. Panguva iyoyo, apo ayo mbishi zvinhu ikoko, muri kunze kwenyika.

Kazhinji, Chokwadi, zvakaoma kutsanangura rwakafanana urongwa deposits ose chicherwa mari. Zvose zvinoenderana chaiyo mhando mbishi zvinhu. Chimwe chezvinhu zvinodhura zvinokosha (ine simbi dzinokosha) zvicherwa. Gold Somuenzaniso, zviri kwose kwose kunze Europe (kondinendi, pamwe Australia pamusoro). Zvinonzi vanokosheswa, uye ayo kugadzirwa - mumwe rakajairika mananara mune migodhi.

Very akapfuma huni kupfuma ndiye Eurasia. Mining zvicherwa (talc, barytes, kaolin, reraimu, quartzite, apatite, munyu) nevakawanda zvinenge kose vazhinji.

Mining uye anochera

Kuti buritsa zvicherwa uye kugadzirira kushandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzinoshandiswa.

1. Open mugwagwa. Zvakafanira mbishi zvinhu iri zvikaramba zvakananga Pazvifananidzo. Nokufamba kwenguva, izvi zvinotungamirira paumbwe hova guru, saka harisi munyoro zvakatipoteredza.
2. Mining nzira - kupfuura yakarurama, asi inodhura.
3. Fountain nzira kupomba mafuta.
4. The kupomba nzira.
5. Geotechnological mhangura kugadzira nzira.

Mining - izvi Zvisinei, chinokosha uye zvakakodzera muitiro, zvinotungamirira yezvinongoerekana chaizvo nemigumisiro. Pashure exhaustible pfuma. Saka, mumakore achangopfuura kusimbisa haisi pamwero dzokubudisa pamusoro chicherwa zvinhu, kureva kwavo kushandisa murume zvikuru kwakakodzera uye kodzera.

Mhangura (magmatic) matombo

boka iri zvinosanganisira anokosha uye huru panyaya migodhi. Mhangura - ndiwo paumbwe chicherwa hunhu ine mune yakawanda kana kuti hunodiwa simbi (mamwe zvinoriumba).

Places okuwana uye kubudiswa yakatsvuka zvinhu dzinonzi zvimbambaira. Patsanura igneous matombo vanogona mumapoka mana:

• ferrous simbi ;
• ruvara;
• vanokudzwa;
• asiri esimbi zvinoriumba.

Iyi mimwe mienzaniso esimbi chicherwa mari.

1. Manganese mhangura.
2. Iron.
3. Nickel.
4. Argentia.
5. Cassiterite.
6. Beryl.
7. Bornite.
8. Chalcopyrite.
9. Uraninite.
10. Asbestos.
11. Graphite uye nevamwe.

Gold - mhangura chicherwa

Kune pakati esimbi uye anokosha zvicherwa. Gold, somuenzaniso. Kugadzirwa ake akanga akakodzera kubva kare, sezvo zvakagara aidiwa chaizvo vanhu. Nhasi, ndarama iri mined akandoshamba dzinenge dzose munharaunda iyo pane kupfuura zvishoma deposits ayo.

Zvakasikwa, goridhe inowanikwa muchimiro chizvarwa inoramba. Kudeuka simbi vara zvinowanikwa Australia yairema vangasvika 70 makirogiramu Dam. Kakawanda, nokuda weathering uye anozoumbiridzwazve deposits vakaumba deposits jecha remakungwa muchimiro inokosha simbi.

Kubva wemisanganiswa zvakadaro zvikaramba laundering uye sieving. Kazhinji, hazvisi zvakajairika zvikuru uye voluminous kugutsikana zvicherwa. naizvozvo Gold unonzi anokosha uye anokudzwa simbi.

Centers nokuti dzokubudisa pesimbi zvicherwa vari:

• Russia.
• Canada.
• South Africa.
• Australia.

Computer

boka iri zvinosanganisira zvakadai chicherwa mari sezvo:

• lignite ;
• mafuta;
• gasi (methane, nehelium);
• marasha.

Kushandiswa zvicherwa izvi mhando - mumwe mafuta uye mbishi zvinhu zvakasiyana siyana makemikari uye zvinhu.

Coal - ndiko Zvisaririra ichi, icho chiri pane imwe hwakanyatsorwisa kudzika kudzama rakafara akaturikidzana. uwandu kwayo imwe chete chaiyo munda. Naizvozvo wakati vakaneta rimwe dziva, vanhu vari kutamira kune chinotevera. Kazhinji, marasha rine kusvika 97% kabhoni wakachena chimiro. Kare yakanga yakaumbwa, zvichizoita kufa tamping uye miriwo Organic residues. azvaiitwa anyanya mamiriyoni emakore, saka chihombe mari panyika ikozvino marasha reserves.

Oil zvakasiyana ichinzi igoridhe chairo, izvo kunosimbisa sei zvinokosha munhu chicherwa mokuwana. Pashure pezvose, chikuru kunobva yepamusoro Tourism, uyewo yaro siyana zvinoriumba - pechingoro mbishi zvinhu makemikari Syntheses. Vatungamiri mumafuta vari kunyika dzakadai:

• Russia.
• US.
• Algeria;
• Mexico.
• Indonesia.
• Venezuela.
• Libya.

Natural gasi, inova musanganiswa gaseous Mahydrocarbon, chinhu zvakare rinokosha maindasitiri mafuta. Rinoreva kuti chisingakoshi pakugadzira zvinhu, saka riri kunyanya kushandiswa pamwero. Countries vaitungamirira mukurima - Russia uye Saudi Arabia.

Metallic kana asiri esimbi marudzi

boka iri zvinosanganisira mamineral zvakadai uye matombo akadai:

• ivhu;
• choko;
• jecha;
• hurungudo;
• mavhu;
• mavhu;
• talc;
• kaolin;
• barite;
• graphite;
• mangoda;
• Goldstone;
• apatite;
• phosphorus nezvimwe.

mhando dzose inogona mumapoka mapoka akawanda maererano nzvimbo kushandiswa.

1. Mining uye makemikari zvicherwa.
2. Metallurgical mbishi zvinhu.
3. Technical crystals.
4. Zvokuvakisa.

boka iri kudanwa mamineral anokosha. Kushandiswa asiri-metal zvicherwa hunhu chinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakawanda uye yakakura. Ava kurima (fetiraiza), kuvakwa (zvinhu), girazi utsotso, zvishongo, midziyo yemagetsi, obschehimicheskoe kugadzira, pendi kugadzirwa uye zvichingodaro.