Perm Krai marudzi: tsika, tsika uye ethnography

Munhoroondo yacho Perm nharaunda yakanga multiethnic. Nhasi inzvimbo 125 vemadzinza akasiyana. Chii vanhu vagere Perm? Mumwe wavo ari zvemo kuti nharaunda?

Perm

Kuburikidza nharaunda muganhu pakati Europe uye Asia. A nzvimbo guru riri kumabvazuva kumucheto European chikamu Russia. Kuchamhembe kwayo pamuganhu pamwe Republic of Komi, Bashkortostan - kumaodzanyemba, Sverdlovsk dunhu - kumabvazuva uye kuchamhembe-kumadokero ndiyo nharaunda Kirov.

Modern dzidzo - Perm - yakaumbwa muna 2005 pashure kubatanidzwa ari Perm nharaunda uye Komi-Perm zvionera District. The chikuru muzinda ndiro guta Perm. Mundima nharaunda yaigarwa nevanhu kare Paleolithic yaitonga. Active Kugadzirwa Russian akatanga anenge ari XVI remakore uye awedzera ari XVII remakore, pashure kuwanikwa zvemhangura uye goridhe.

Vanhu Perm nharaunda uye tsika dzavo dzakasiyana chaizvo. Munzvimbo 160 mativi makiromita, vagari vanenge 125 vemarudzi. Uwandu vemo - vanhu mamiriyoni 2,6. The mumadhorobha Vagari chinokurira pamusoro mumusha, ndiyo 75%.

Chii vanhu vagere Perm?

madzinza akawanda mumapoka avanhu vaigara munzvimbo. Ava, tanga, zvechokwadi nokuda nharaunda iyi ndivo nomwe chete. Languages dzavanhu venyika Perm nharaunda vakawanda. Mukati zvemo madzinza akakamurwa Finno-Ugric, kwechiSlavonic (Russian), Turkic.

Huru vakawanda chinomiririrwa Russian (2.1 miriyoni). Dzinotevera dziwande wechiTatar (115 zviuru.) Komi Permiaks (80 ndipo.), Bashkirs (30 ndipo.), Udmurts (20 ndipo.) Uye Ukrainian (16 ndipo.). vanhu vanopfuura zviuru zvina vari Belarusians, vokuGermany, Chuvash uye Mari. Ndudzi Perm unopinza dzaitaurwa vashoma. Pakati pavo vokuArmenia, Azerbaijanis, vokuTurkey, Ingush, Komi-yazvintsy, Mordvinians, vechiGypsy, Moldavians, Mansi, vokuKorea, Chinese, Georgians, Chechens nevamwe.

The zvizvarwa zvemo Perm unopinza tinowana mapoka matatu makuru: Finno-Ugric, Zimbabwe Turk uye necheSalvic. Munguva kubva XV kuti XVI remakore chokumusoro kunosvika of Kama Akagarisa madzitateguru of Komi-Perm. Kumaodzanyemba nharaunda yaigarwa neDare Bashkirs uye Tatars. On nharaunda ndiyewo kumba Udmurt, Mansi uye Mari. Russian vakawanda auya pamusoro muno XVI remakore, nokukurumidza akava koshesa.

Mari

Zita vanhu Perm nharaunda zvingasadaro mumitauro. Somuenzaniso, anowanzonzi Mari Mara pachayo kana hachi. rudzi urwu runobva kuna Finno-Ugric dzinza. Ivo anoiswa munzvimbo pakati Volga uye Vetluga. Vazhinji vavo vanogara Russian Republic of Mari El, uyewo muna Volga nharaunda uye Urals.

Anthropological hwaro vava suburalskomu mhando, mamwe raidudzwa zvaiva Mongoloid rudzi. Urudzi rakaumbwa shure muna I zviuru. N. e. tsika dzavo uye nzira youpenyu vava kupfuura akafanana Chuvash. Vanhu ine mapoka emadzinza mana mudunhu vanogara kazhinji Kungurskye Mari.

Part vanhu vaigamuchira Orthodoxy, kunyange mukuru chitendero ndicho chitendero chetsika. Muchiitiko chino, zviri nevakawanda mungano, pamwe mumwechete. Mari zvechihedheni inobva nokunamata zvakasikwa, munyengetero zvinotora nzvimbo tsvene yakatsaurwa (ari mutsika pakuvaka coude).

Folk zvokupfeka kwakamutsa hembe, nguo, nezvakarukwa, netirauzi uye caftan, chiuno pamusoro bhandi kana tauro. Women aipfeka chishongo akaita Mari, anoshongwa, marozari. Hat ane tauro pamwe hu - Sharpan, makumi mana kana conical chivharo. Men vaipfeka heti pamwe brims.

Udmurt

Autochthonous Vagari of Kama uye Urals - Udmurtia. Ndezvenguva Finno-Ugric avanhu, uyewo mamwe marudzi ose Perm Krai. Pedyo naye ndivo Komi-Permyak uye Komi vanhu, kunyange zvazvo upenyu uye tsika zvakasimba kufurirwa Russian uye wechiTatar tsika. Most vemo vari vaKristu Orthodox, asi pane zvinhu zvavo zvinodavirwa zvakachengetedzwa kumamisha.

Udmurt rakagara richidudzirwa mubasa zvokurima (zviyo uye matapiri) uye mombe maberekero, kuvhima uye kuunganidzwa, nyuchi uye hove. Vaigara munzvimbo munharaunda pedyo, uko mhuri dzakawanda dzaigara munharaunda iyoyo. Aidaro nezvakarukwa, knitting, mudenga, kurukiswa uye Kukosa.

Kupira kuvakwa (Kuala) nokuti munamato kwakanga, kufanana Mari, musango. The imba aiva muchoto ane yakaturikwa bhaira, bunks nokuda kurara uye tsvuku pakona (tafura uye chigaro) musoro wemhuri. Vakadzi koshitomu raiva hembe, nguvo, vakagadzira pamwe vherevheti fidha uye muchiuno. Ivo vashonge nguo mari, mhete, marozari. Men vaipfeka yebhuruu uye chena mitsetse unokutakwairirai, blouses, felted heti.

Komi-Permyak

vanhu vanozvidza vamiririri Komi Komi Mort kana tizvidzime. Vakagara ainyanya munharaunda yaimbova Permian Komi District. Ndezvenguva Finno-Ugric boka. Language uye tsika dzine mukuru Kufanana kuna Komi vanhu. Mabhuku mumutauro vanhu vanenge hapana.

The chikuru rokurwa Komi-Perm aiva zvokurima, mhuka minda, kuvhima, hove, kurukiswa, kuumba, kugadzira. Pari, ndiwo huni kubudiswa uye kurima. Kufanana marudzi akawanda Perm nharaunda uye Komi-Permian vaiva vahedheni, asi ruzhinji hwakatamisirwa kuchiKristu. Ndiani kuedza ndimutsidzire zvavo dzidziso.

pakutanga Traditional zvipfeko akanga zvitema uye matema mavara, uye gare gare pakanga mamwe mavara, uye pamusoro hembe Add Mufananidzo "muchitokisi". Vakadzi hembe raiva nguo hembe, pamusoro izvo yaipfekwa sundress. Dzimwe nguva sundress Worn epuroni. Hats - corbel Maberere, yakashongedzwa nezvakarukwa uye nezvishongo. Men akapfeka nguo isina maoko nezvakarukwa hembe, belted nebhanhire uye bhurukwa. Netsoka dzake dzakanga katsi pogaleshki neshangu.

Muncie

Urudzi zvinoreva Mansi Ugric marudzi. MuRussia, vamiririri vanhu zvishoma. The chikuru vanogara anogara ari Khanty-Mansiysk zvionera Okrug. Kunyange zvakadaro Mansi vari zvizvarwa zvemo munzvimbo Perm mudunhu. Munzvimbo mune vanhu vashoma (kusvika 40), anogara Vishera Reserve.

Ethnic boka chizvarwa kuti mutauro Mansi yakabatana Ob-Ugric boka. Patsika, vakawanda pedyo Mansi uye Khanty Hungarians. The dzidziso, pamwe Orthodoxy, akachengetedzwa chevarwere mungano nechishamani. Muncie vanodavira muchengeti midzimu.

Pakati chinyakare mabasa - poro nokupfuwa, hove, kuvhima, kurima uye mhuka minda. Housing akavaka pamwaka. chitunha Winter aigara mudzimba kana kuti zvirindo nokuda mhando chirimo Russian pamatende conical chimiro yakagadzirwa Birch omuti. Open pachoto yakavakwa nemapango akashanda kudziyisa uye chiedza mabviro. A maitiro chepfungwa Mansi aiva kuti havana kushandisa howa, kusanganisira musha wavo kuti midzimu yakaipa.

Female suit aimiririra famba nguo kana satin jira nemapfekero. I kupfeka sikavha uye yakawanda zvishongo. Varume vakanga Shirts uye bhurukwa; zvipfeko chaiwanzova ane Hood jira.

Tatars

Tatars ndivo Turkic vanhu. Uye rinoparadzirwa pamusoro munharaunda Russia (nhamba yevanhu wechipiri). Vanorarama munyika Kama nharaunda, Urals, ari Volga nharaunda, kuFar East uye kuSiberia. Muna Perm nharaunda Tatars varipo mune zvinenge zvose nzvimbo.

mutauro Tatar runobva kumhuri Altaic. Ruzhinji vanhu ndowenyika Sunni vaMuslim, kunyange pane vaKristu Orthodox uye hakuna Musiki. The Kama Tatars aishanda pamwe chete Bashkirs, izvo zvakazoita kuti yakawiriranwa rokuchinja mumwe tsika.

National koshitomu yakasiyana akasiyana madzinza Tatars. The chikuru zviri munhukadzi koshitomu - refu hembe-nemapfekero mudhebhe. Top ukauyiswa ane nezvakarukwa fidha, uye gown zvasakara sezvo outerwear. Panguva musoro akapfeka ngowani, sikavha kana ngowani kalfak. Men vaipfeka akanzwa ngowani pamusoro skullcaps. Jewelry vakadzi vakaita kubva nesimbi.

Bashkirs

Rimwe boka vanhu Turkic - nayo Bashkirs. The chikuru vanogara anogara Republic of Bashkortostan. Mutauro National ndiye Bashkir. Kufanana Tatar, ndeye mhuri Altaic. The vamiririri vanhu - vaMuslim vari Sunni.

Bashkirs vari pedyo Turkic avanhu, kunyange naivowo muchirongwa ethnogenesis pakati Iranians uye Finno-Ugric marudzi. Vanhu akatungamirira Semi-runochengeta mararamiro, vachiita mhuka minda. Panguva iyoyo akanga muhondo hove, kuvhima, apiculture, kurima, achiunganidza. Pakati Crafts vakanga kugadzira, kugadzirwa zvameso nemakapeti. Bashkirs vaiziva zvishongo uye nokuchengetedza.

Folk zvokupfeka vakasonanidza nedehwe remakwai. Vakadzi nevarume vaipfeka inotakwairira vane rakafara danho. Top kupfeka rokwe (zvakasiyana vakadzi nevarume). Uyewo aipfeka nguo polukaftan, kamzul. Parizvino yakawanda nguo dzakarukwa, applique. Headgear ranged kubva chivharo, matauro kune nguwani-ushanok. All kwazvo nezvakarukwa mapatani. Men vaipfeka skullcap, uye akanzwa heti.

mhedziso

Vanhu Perm nharaunda uye tsika dzavo dzakasiyana chaizvo mumwe. Nharaunda kwagara dzinoratidzwa multiethnic, dzibatane rudzi kusvikira kumiganho yaro haina kuchengetwa. Kare, vamwe marudzi akanga nguva kubva nenzvimbo kunotsvaka kupfuura akanaka ezvinhu muupenyu.

Muzana XV remakore, madzinza akawanda vakagara Perm nharaunda, uye vane madzitateguru vakaumba marudzi Perm nharaunda. Culture uye ethnography vanhu ava havana kuva oga, asi wezvikamu kufurira mumwe. Somuenzaniso, Udmurt nhaka nemagariro unhu Tatars pamusoro Tatars zvaizoitawo uchiumba Bashkirs.

The guru nezvainoita tsika vanhu vakanga Russian uyo kwatova XVII remakore, zvikuru nesimba pauwandu. Zvino zvipfeko chetsika uye mararamiro kutsigira vasina simba. Zvikurukuru, vamiririri anofanira kuzivikanwa muchitendero, kunyange zvazvo vazhinji christianised. Emimwe inowanzoshandiswa wechipiri, seyokutanga - Russian.