"Pedagogical Poem" Makarenko. Pfupiso ye "Pedagogical Poem" Makarenko

"Pedagogical Poem" Makarenko, zviri izvo zvese inoshanda anoperekedza kurera zvizere mugari kwenzanga uye dzakajeka mabhuku basa - mumwe "maparera" mabhuku weSoviet. Zviitiko zvinotsanangurwa muna yokufungidzira, autobiographical, vatambi mazita chaiwo, kusanganisira munyori pachake. Key ari pedagogical ino Makarenko ndiyo pfungwa dzidzo hwomwana unhu kubudikidza chikwata. Kufarirwa pfungwa iyi, chokwadi, vakazvipira kusvika "Pedagogical Poem" Makarenko. Mukupfupikisa, uyewo itsva pachayo ine 3 zvikamu uye zvitsauko 15 (kusanganisira epilogue). Panguva iyo nhetembo chaizvoizvo akasikwa "chamhungwe", zvakananga nedanho yaitongwa upenyu.

"Pedagogical Poem" Makarenko: pfupiso nechitsauko

The zviri yokufungidzira pane dzakawanda pfungwa dzinokosha: mujinga nyuchi, pakuonekwa wokutanga colonists uye zvinetso vokutanga, "tipping" pfungwa iri maitiro vadzidzi, chikwata building, kuenzanirana nekutendawo vamwe pakugarisana.

Tanga chiito

Zvakaitwa nhetembo kunoitika muna 20-ies muna USSR. Nhoroondo iri pachiso nemunyori (Anton Makarenko). "Pedagogical Poem" kunotanga ndechokuti protagonist kuti nyuchi makazviteya. Gorky pana Poltava kuti mumigwagwa vana, pakati pavo vakanga vaduku vemhosva. Kuwedzera Makarenko, pedagogical mudonzvo nyuchi chaiva rokudzidzisa maviri (Ekateriny Grigorevny uye Lydia Petrovna) uye rimwe superintendent (Kalina Ivanovich). Nokubatsirwa zvokunyama raifamba zvakanaka zvakaoma - vazhinji hurumende pfuma kwave nokungwarira vakapamba pedyo vavakidzani munzvimbo.

The colonists yokutanga

Vasungwa nyuchi rokutanga vaiva vana vatanhatu (mana akanga atova nemakore 18 okuberekwa): Burun Bendyuk, Volohov, Washington, chido, uye Taranets. Pasinei inodziya (kusvika akabvumidza nyuchi mamiriro) kugamuchirwa, ramangwana colonists chitarisiko chavo pakarepo pachena kuti upenyu hwavo havasi kunyanya anoyevedza. About kuranga hazvina vari: colonists nyore kuteerera vadzidzisi vavo vaigona kupinda muguta manheru uye kudzokera chete mangwanani. Pashure vhiki umhondi uye ugororo akasungwa Bendyuk. Kuita mamwe mabasa colonists, zvakare, akaramba.

Izvi zvakaenderera mberi kwemwedzi inoverengeka. Asi kamwe zvinhu hwachinja. Kana iri kosi inotevera akatadza kuwirirana Makarenko akarasikirwa hasha dzake uye akarova mumwe colonists pamberi rimwe, vadzidzi pakarepo vakachinja mafungiro avo munzvimbo yayo mitemo. Kokutanga vakaenda huni, nokutenda zvakanaka kuita basa rayo kusvikira pakuguma. "Hatisi saka zvakaipa, Anton Semenovich! - Akati pakupera Makarenko "kubatwa" colonist. - Zvichava zvakanaka. Tinonzwisisa. " Ndipo pakutanga seboka colonists.

Anobata nyuchi

Zvishoma nezvishoma, maneja Rinotarisira kuronga zvimwe kurangwa ari nyuchi. "Malina" riri akadzima. Kubva zvino, munhu wose anofanira kuchenesa mibhedha yavo dzekurara vanogadzwa basa. Siyai pasina mvumo nyuchi hakubvumidzwi. Vanotyora mutemo havabvumirwi shure. Uyewo, vadzidzi vose vanofanira hazvo vapinde chikoro.

Oga akauya dambudziko kuba basa "Pedagogical Poem" Makarenko. Mukupfupikisa, akapa pazasi, chete inosimbisa izvi. The chikwata vadzidzi panguva iyoyo paiva vanhu vanenge makumi matatu. Food nguva yakakwana. The colonists vanoba zvatinopiwa kubva yokuchengetera zvinhu; kamwe panotangira mari chisipo of. The kutsviriridza anova kuba mari kubva vakadzi vakuru, wedzimba, aishumira ari munzvimbo. Makarenko chinokodzera zvekufamba, mbavha akawana. Anton Semenovich akareva nzira kuti "Vanhu Court". Burun (colonist, nemhosva kuba) pamberi rezvizhinji. Vadzidzi ugumbukire kusazvibata ake, akagadzirira pachavo kuti arange pake. Somugumisiro, Burun akatuma pasi kusungwa. Pashure chiitiko ichi, mboni kwabviswa kuba.

Órgãos chikwata

Zvishoma nezvishoma akaita chikwata chaiyo iri munzvimbo. Vadzidzi vanotungamirirwa kwete chete pamusoro isu asi vamwe. A chinokosha nguva basa "Pedagogical Poem" Makarenko (pfupiso nokusimbisa) ndiko kuti pave patrol. The colonists vakaronga rokuzvipira mapoka vakarinda yomunharaunda nharaunda kubva nenhubu, kunze kwemutemo uye vamwe. Pasinei nokuti vagari yakapoteredza nyika nokutya anotaura zvakafanana mirairo, kazhinji raiparadzanisa kubva omunharaunda makororo, nokuti colonists zviri chikwata, raiva danho guru kukura. Vaimbove matsotsi vaigona kunzwa zvizere nhengo munzanga, kubatsirwa hurumende.

Uyewo, zvakawanda zviri kuwedzera ushamwari colonists mukati chikwata. Nokushingaira vakashandisa nheyo "imwe zvose uye zvose nokuda mumwe."

housewarming

Pane nzvimbo uye nhoroondo chokwadi mubhuku "Pedagogical Poem" Makarenko. Short zviri basa kugona usarasikirwe pfungwa iyi: muna 1923, nyuchi yakatamira isingachashandiswi wakare kupopotera. Pano colonists vanokwanisa kuona hope dzavo zvokurima. Kazhinji, nhamba vadzidzi kuti dzaiva kuchema iri kure chii chaiva pakutanga. All vakomana Zvakakodzera nezvazvo musha wake, mumwe nomumwe achiita pachake mupiro wayo upenyu chikwata uye seboka ukama. WeDhipatimendi nyuchi rinowanika mhizha, muvezi, uye vamwe. Vana zvishoma nezvishoma vanotanga mukudzidzire kushanda unyanzvi.

In nyuchi vevaanodzidzisa pane chido itsva - yemitambo. Vakaisa dambe, anovakoka Kwataigara. Zvishoma nezvishoma, yemitambo inova kukurumbira chairo. Uyewo, vadzidzi vanotanga kunyorerana yakakurumbira munyori Soviet Bamba Gorky.

Muna 1926 Vakomana vatamire Kuryazh kuronga upenyu mujeri vemo, riri yasakara. Kwete Kwataigara kutora Gorkyites. I zvakaoma vazviise kumusangano. kokutanga, hapana Kuryazhsky colonists havana kuda kushanda - ose basa zvakakodzera kuita muranda Makarenko. Kazhinji pane kurwa nokuda zvekufamba kunyange anouya Commission of Inquiry. In zvakafanana, akanatsiridzwa kudzora pamusoro chikamu masimba Makarenko mabasa. pfungwa dzake pedagogical uye nzira havasi chete vatsigiri asiwo vavengi, panyaya iyi, kuwedzera kumanikidza pamusoro mudzidzisi. Kunyange zvakadaro, mukuru mauto Makarenko uye Gorkyites zvishoma nezvishoma vanokwanisa kutanga upenyu Kuryazhsky colonists uye kuronga imwe dzakazara mudonzvo chaiyo. Apogee muupenyu nyuchi anova kushanya kwake Bamba Gorky.

mhedziso

Somugumisiro, kumanikidza Makarenko aifanira kusiya munzvimbo. Kwemakore manomwe, Anton Semenovich akatarisira vana basa Tauriranai OGPU zita pashure Fe Dzerzhinsky. Pasinei vakawanda kutsoropodza, Makarenko mupiro kuti dzidzo boka vana aidiwa chaizvo ano pedagogy. Makarenko maitiro akanga vateveri ayo, kusanganisira pakati vaimbova vasungwa vaiva munzvimbo. "Pedagogical Poem" Makarenko - nzwisa guru, rinorema, asi zviri kusimba chinokosha, basa guru mudzidzisi, inoganhurana feat.

Mugumisiro basa, sezvo tinogona kuona zvibereko "Pedagogical Poem" Makarenko (pfupiso ino kunosimbisa), akanga kuzodzosera colonists vanopfuura 3,000 vakava vagari vanhu Soviet dzakazara. The chaizvo basa rokudzidzisa kunoratidzwa nokunyora mabhuku anoverengeka Makarenko. "Pedagogical Poem" anorondedzera muchidimbu dzinokosha mabasa yakwo uchidzidzira.