Nderipi nhungamiro nevakariri mufiriji uye Refrigeration gadziriro?

Nyika yemazuva zvakaoma kufungidzira pasina nebudiriro mune zvesayenzi uye kugadzira mberi uye kukura yebudiriro. Nemhaka nesayenzi zvakawanwa vanhu vakaita zvakasiyana-siyana anowanikwa nesimba kuti anobatsirwa vanhu nhasi. Mumwe Zvinhu izvi zvakanga nokugadzirwa kwakaitwa Refrigeration Unit muna 1910, ari yefizikisi French Marcel Odifrenom.

Nheyo mudzimu mufiriji kwakavakirwa Chiitiko zvokunyama condensation uye kwemvura, izvo runoratidzwa sezvinotevera: kupisa pombi Refrigeration hurongwa Transfers kupisa simba kubva kushanda mukamuri kusvikira kunze, apo inotonhodza uye akaparadza kupinda zvakatipoteredza. The kutonhora gasi iyo anoita se freon, sarufa hexafluoride, amoniya, kana anoita Ivan Kuchin kwacho, umo kutonhora anogadzirwa.

Kuti vabudirire refu kutonhora unongotaura kunodiwa nzvimbo huru kudziyisa uye kutonhora nokupisa exchanger kuti kukwanisa kusika dzakakwirira kumanikidzwa. Modern Refrigeration hurongwa haisi nguva dzose nyore, saka pano kuitira kuti vabudirire inodiwa kufurirwa kushandiswa compressors kuti tsonyera uye kupomba refrigerant mhute, nokudaro vachiwedzera kwete kumanikidzwa asiwo tembiricha yacho coolant. Saka, nheyo nokushanda Refrigeration hurongwa hunobva mitemo inokosha wefizikisi.

Refrigeration compressors vari marudzi anotevera:

- Screw;

- pisitoni;

- Centrifugal mhando.

Ekupedzisira ndivo inonyatsobudirira uye zvinowanzoshandiswa ano Refrigeration enyika kuti maindasitiri kushandiswa. Uyezve, mune chero firiji uye gwenya hazvo rinosanganisira capacitor iyo rinotarisirwa kutendeutsa mhute kupinda mvura nokuda nokuchinja ambient tembiricha.

Kazhinji, firiji achishanda musimboti haisi chete kushandiswa vaunze Refrigeration zvinangwa zvakasiyana-siyana, asi nechando mugadziriro, sezvo nokuchinja kumanikidzwa munyika vanogona kuwana zvinodiwa tembiricha mukati kamuri kwezvakatipoteredza. Kana compressor rinopfuura refrigerant pasi kumusoro kumanikidzwa kuburikidza rinokosha orifice uye anopinda vaporization kamuri, uko kunoguma unopinza kuderera Urume pakarepo tinoshandurirwa hwemvura nevezera. In ichi Chiitiko muviri ari refrigerant nokuda ehupfumi ayo zvinotora kupisa kubva evaporator masvingo, zvichiguma zvishoma nezvishoma kutonhora dzomunyika mukamuri Refrigeration chikwata.

Nheyo mudzimu mufiriji rave richishandiswa kwemakore anopfuura 100., uye gore negore kune kugadzwa zvakawanda zvitsva uye akavandudzika. Imwe achangobuda zvigadzirwa mumunda ichi kwave kwaita thermoelectric Refrigeration zviumbu kuti vanoshandisa Peltier nheyo. Kuvhiringidzwa inobva panowanikwa tembiricha musiyano pakati svikiro kana kuitika runoyerera, kwamakadarika zvinokwanisika kuti vabudirire kuderedza womukati tembiricha iri Refrigeration kwezvakatipoteredza nzvimbo. Pasinei nokuti vakadzidza kare vawana zvinhu magetsi, kusvikira ichangopfuura zvakapararira zvitoro inotonhora kwakadaro havana kugamuchira. Kazhinji vari kushandiswa mune motokari sefiriji, No uye mvura yokunwa inotonhorera chikwama, asi nekuda kwemitengo iri thermoelectric kutonhora zvinhu chinangwa kusvikira ichangobva asina zvakakwana neakangwara.

Modern chiito firiji musimboti aizobvumira kushandisa maindasitiri refrigerating uye kuoma nechando zviyero yaigadzira zvokudya, uyewo chando okuchengetera Zvivako uye yokuchengetera zvinhu zvinogadzirwa. Zvakaoma kuona kukosha kuwanikwa mutemo wechipiri wethermodynamics, nekuti pasina hwaizodai ezvidzidzo ose mabasa ano zvokudya kugadzira miti. Saka, nheyo kushanda mufiriji nhasi nheyo ano kutonhora enyika zvose maindasitiri mudzimba zvinangwa.