Painter Kurbe Gyustav: The Life uye Basa

Kurbe Gyustav (1819-1877) - painter, takaberekwa tine yakawanda tarenda, anenge kuzvidzora akadzidzisa. Iye nemaune akapa zvedzidzo manyorerwe kupenda uye akava muvambi realism, vakapfuura mukupera mabasa zvakananga naturalism. Akachenjera nenhamo Gyustav Kurbe vane mufananidzo (pamusoro) chakaitwa okupedzisira oupenyu hwake, anotarisa akanyatsofungwa munhu haasi kuedza kutarira nani pane zviri.

udiki

Kurbe Gyustav akaberekerwa mutaundi duku (nemitemo yedu mumusha) rine vanhu vanhu zviuru zvitatu Ornans, pedyo Switzerland. Baba akarota kuti mwanakomana wake gweta, saka akamutumira muna 1837 kudzidza panguva Royal College muguta MuBesançon, yaiva kure nomusha wake. In yayo bedzi kungwara Kurbe Gyustav anotanga makirasi kupenda achitungamirirwa mudzidzi David.

Paris

Muna makore makumi maviri, jaya anoenda guru, ostensibly kuvandudza ruzivo nomurayiro. Asi chokwadi iye anoshanyira ari Louvre nounyanzvi okudhindira, umo iye kare akasarudza kuita chinhu. Asi muna rimwe okudhindira, iye akambomira: ikoko vakadzidziswa kunyora nudes.

kuratidza

The pashoo rokutanga panguva Salon Kurbe Gyustav nechipiriso chake kuzviremekedza asian pamwe imbwa. Yatova inooneka akazvimirira manyorero kuchiri kudanana Artist ari kutsvaka nzira yake. Free, vanozvikudza, yakazvimirira jaya anofananidzirwa mubako mawere dzomusango. Nokuzvikudza yakanyarara aanoita zvakananga panguva Fafitera. Ziso pamusoro yendarama chikamu mutsetse, saka kuti Fafitera vasingagoni kubvarura ndiri kure. nzira iyi rave kakawanda uye remuSamoa yaainge ne Artists Leonardo. Panowo, hazvina kugona chaizvo kuronga. Asi zvakanaka uye wakanyarara akasuwa spaniel uye yendarama mashava mutambo ruvara, uye haawanzotauri rinooneka nzvimbo iri pakadzika mufananidzo. Zvimwe mabasa the artist iri Salon haana kugamuchirwa.

Arts uye zvematongerwo enyika

Paris kwagara politicized guta. Chiri zvose aitambudza vari thirties uye forties, uye Revolution pamusoro 1848 uye ainakidzwa Courbet. Iye neshamwari dzake akavamba Socialist Club uye pave chiratidzo vanhu. Asi kwezvinovharidzira Gustave akaenda. Panguva ino, yokudhirowa yave muNetherlands akauya chido yakajeka kumedura zvakakwana romanticism. Kutanga pfungwa itsva kunobva dzakatevedzana emifananidzo, Gyustav Kurbe, vane mabasa vasagamuchirwe asati, muna 1849, akaratidza panguva Salon 7 Mifananidzo. Ipapo vakaridza kokutanga uye shoko "realism", mumwe mabasa, "Afternoon pa Ornans," akava yechipiri menduru yegoridhe.

"Kuvigwa pa Ornans" (1849)

Izvi kanivhasi guru kuyera mamita anopfuura matatu pakureba uye kukwirira kupfuura hafu womufananidzo Gyustav Kurbe wakayeriswa mumwe Vanasekuru ake. Nhamba dziri kanivhasi akaita anenge dzinongoitika saizi. Vose vomuguta vakaedza kuwana mufananidzo-yakakura. Zvinoratidza nokuimba, uye mupristi, uye meya weguta, uye vanhu nguo dema kuchema. Color dzokuAustralia dzinoitwa pamusoro chena uye tsvuku-robed vafundisi. Zvinoorora uyewo zvikuru kupfuura vanhu vamire pamuchinjikwa necheseri. Zano iri chaizvo prosaic, asi dzinonakidza iri mufananidzo mifananidzo vanhu akasika Courbet, kumuka kune kunanga. Nekunyanyotarisa nedanho kuvigwa, kwete mabasa mukupera kana post-mortem ariko mweya, painter akaratidza kuva muiti wechokwadi wakakwana.

kunzwisisa muParis, nei kunze zvavo mariro pave akakura mufananidzo yakadaro, saka kunyange aine planar sezvamunoita. At Wenyika Fair muna 1855 haina kutora, asi vatongi akasarudza mabasa gumi kuna Courbet naye. Asi haufaniri kutora mufananidzo kuratidza "Chivako", umo Courbet anotaura zvinoyevedza nemitemo yake. Ipapo nhamba perturbation Artist anoronga kuratidzwa kwake, chine 40 pamatende. Iye rinobudisa "The Manifesto pamusoro realism," uye kuti iye ave maitre abut vose vanoparidza realism paguva. Izvi rinoita chinyadzo munzanga.

"The gorosi sifters" (1854)

Zvinozivikanwa kuti ichi yakabvunzwa kuti Courbet, kuratidza rinorema murimi mudiki basa, nehanzvadzi dzake mbiri uye shamwari mwana. Firimu akatambira wakafara inzwi nokuda chendarama ruvara uye musikana nemapfekero kutsvuka amire pakati murwiyo uye pakarepo inofarirwa nevakawanda. Ryzhenkaja söpö katsi kanorara pedyo mukadzi wakaderera ari musoro, animating mhepo uye pasina chikuru chinoita. Hazvina kujeka nei nokuvhara musuo vakarondedzera chipfuva-bhokisi, iro riri pedyo mukomana.

"Pergola" (1862)

Mufananidzo uyu unoratidza mumwe Courbet, kukwanisa kunakidzwa kunaka vakadzi, uchizvienzanisa akasvibirira maruva kukwira Roses pamusoro pergola. Zvakajeka pamusoro yendarama chikamu mutsetse inopfuura murwiyo chikamu, chikuru chikamu chiri chichena, orenji uye tsvuku nemaruva. Elegant siluetti mumwe musikana amire Profile nemaoko yakamutswa zvikuru pamusoro afoot. Translucent dzisimbe chena uye chipika chena anowirirana pedyo ruvara uye nemapfekero inzwi richinjwe rinobatana mimvuri pasi rwake rworuboshwe ruoko uye shaded mashizha kurutivi mufananidzo rworuboshwe. Pano Courbet akazviratidza ari dzisinganyatsooneki colorist.

"Kwakatangira World" (1866)

Ini handidi kugara nebasa iri. Zviri kunaka nokuda munhu ane psyche utano, Haakurumidzi voyeurism kuti murume ari zvizere nguva hwake. The kupenda hunorondedzera mutumbi yomukadzi pasina chiso. vateereri pedyo-pamberi chinoratidza pachena vulva USINGAZIKAMWI. Pano mumwe vaongorori zvinofungidzirwa yokutevedzera nokuda mifananidzo "Origin of World" (Gyustav Kurbe), uko kunomiririrwa pikicha pano. Apa mafaro chete voyeur unozviwanira kugutsikana Akavaratidza sikarudzi vemamwe bonde kwevanhu uye hapana zvakawanda. Healthy Munhu haamanikidzwi, uye funga opus ichi hachisi chinodiwa. Muchida kukurumidza kukanganwa yakafanana zvinhu.

Panguva iyi, Courbet anosika yakawanda eroottinen mifananidzo, ramakagadzwa dzinokosha frankness "Sleepers." naturalism Ndiyo mhosva yacho denderedzwa sezvo munhu ari mumugwagwa, uye vanhu vane mazita. Asi rinoramba kuchitsigira mutsigiri Proudhon, ane mufananidzo iye kupendwa.

"Wave" (1870)

nzvimbo iyi sechinhu rounyanzvi kubudikidza Courbet. Jira inenge hafu kupiwa kudenga uye negungwa. Makore zvakasimba yakavharwa kudenga. Dzavo Mavara shimmer kubva grayish-rwegirini kune yepepuru-blue uye zvinoshamisa pakunaka kwawo. mafungu ruvara unoitawo zvose pasi yakasvibirira, ndinosika dzakasiyana-siyana yakadzika ruvara migumisiro. Rinopa zvakakwana simba rokudzora masimba. The Artist akabatwa ne wenyaya uye akanyora dzakatevedzana mabasa, izvo zvinoratidza rakasiyana-siyana Etretat yaro mutizi gungwa nokukurumidza.

Muna 1871, kuti zvikuru politicized Artist anoshingairira nemuzviito dzeParis Tauriranai. Pashure pemhirizhonga yemuna payo akapomerwa sapakuparadzwa Vandom mbiru. Pashure Courbet yaiva mujeri, uye akatongerwa kubhadhara zvikuru fines. Akatizira Switzerland, apo akafa urombo zvachose.

Chinokonzera neveMamwe chaizvo maitiro somunhu uye mifananidzo Gyustav Kurbe, ane basa uye ikozvino haasiyi hanya vanhu. Izvi zvinoratidza undoubted tarenda uye simba unhu rokupenda ichi.