Painter Diego Rivera: Biography, okugadzira zvinhu, upenyu hwomunhu

Mexican Artist Diego Rivera, ane Biography rizere dzinopesana zviitiko uye chokwadi, mumwe kupfuura dzichipesana uye akakurumbira nemagariro nemifananidzo Mexico. basa rake, maonero enyika uye upenyu hwake ari chaanoonekwa wokutanga yezana remakore rechimakumi maviri uye ichiri kukurukurwa.

Childhood uye kuyaruka womufananidzo

Artist ichi muralist, mumwe echimurenga uye muparadzi hadzi mwoyo, akaberekwa 8 December 1886 mune Mexican taundi Guanajuato. Akanga kuva muvambi Mexican National School of Painting uye vatungamirire nevatsoropodzi ive manyemwe kunovhengana siyana. Mukomana haana kusiyana utano hwakanaka, zvakanzi runyerekupe kuti somwana nepaburi retsono. Diego Rivera Aifarira kutaurira nyaya, asi inozivikanwa kuti muna 1893 mhuri yake vakatamira guru renyika - Mexico City. Pashure 5 years, vakabudirira kudzidza chikoro, muduku yokudhirowa akapinda Academy of Arts kweSan Carlos. sangano iri akapa jaya zvokuti pamusoro Payakapera, akakwanisa kuwana bhezari dzidzo yakanaka. Akatora mukana, akaenda parwendo kuenda kuSpain. Akabva akashanyira England, Belgium, Holland uye Italy.

upenyu Personal "zidyavanhu"

Nokuti kutsamwa kuda vakadzi uye zvisingaverengeki Links Diego Rivera kwave pakunzi "ari zidyavanhu". Iye aifarira rokuratidzira pachake somunhu guru datya gumbo compression mumwoyo munhu. Natural kuzara uye inorema kukotsira vakaita fanano kunyange kunze kuchioneka. Richirondedzera upenyu the artist-mupanduki oga, kazhinji kutaura muchato wake Fridoy Karlo. Asi iye akanga asina kutanga, asi zvikurukuru chete mukadzi muupenyu musiki. Pakutanga wechidiki akaroora Diego Rivera akabatana ne vaneshungu rudo Russian Artist Angelina Belova muna 1911. Vaiva mwanakomana. Asi kupenga zvisingaperi nokuchiva uye betrayals murume akasiya Angelina, akaenda Mexico. Chimwe pfupi-akararama muchato vapedza noukama Lupe Marin. The Union zvave nezvibereko uye akapa nyika vanasikana vaviri.

Wife uye shamwari

Pakazosvika 1929, apo muchato wechipiri akaputsa, akasangana mukadzi upenyu hwake musha - Frida Carlo. Diego Rivera akaroora musikana muduku zvikuru kupfuura iye. Muna 1939 paiva kurambana, asi muna 1940 vakanga vakaroorana zvakare. Muupenyu hwake hwose, Rivera akaramba Macho uye vaneshungu anoda vakadzi. Akashandura vakadzi, mistresses, uyo akabereka vana vake mubvandiripo.

Ukama Diego naFrida vakazara chido, rudo, godo, uye dzimwe nguva vachirikitwa. Frida nemoyo murefu zvikuru kubatwa kusvika antics wake akanamata chifananidzo chake, akanyora zvakawanda Portraits ake. Asi kana akachinja Frida nemukoma wake, kanganwirai havachaoni aigona, uye kubudikidza 1939 ukama vakarambana. Nokukurumidza, murume pachake yokudadira kuti varambane, akakumbira mudzimai wake kuti adzokere naye chero mazwi. Akapa vake mari kugutsikana uye akamupa huru kudiwa. Mamiriro wokuroorazve aiva kusaina muchato chibvumirano, ichipa kurambwa rakazara varare vakaroorana. Muupenyu hwake pachake akaramba netriangle Diego Rivera, mudzimai uye vatenzi.

Vari vaviri vakanga vasina vana, 2 Frida pamuviri yakaguma nokupfupfudzika. Muna 1954, Rivera akava akafirwa uye akazozviratidza pamusoro kubvuma kuti iye akabatsira mudzimai wake kufa, asi zviri hapana kupfuura makuhwa. Kusvikira okupedzisira pezvizuva zvabatanidzwa rechiKomonisiti pfungwa uye Nhaurirano vakakurumbira enyika Russian.

Artist mune zvematongerwo enyika

Kubvira mangwanani 30-ies pamusoro Diego Rivera anova mutungamiri undisputed pakati Mexican muralist. Zvirokwazvo mumwe kupfuura rakakurumbira uye nharo vemifananidzo, ane enyika netsitsi kune chiKomonizimu chinogombedzera akakura murals, dutu mabasa okusika uye munzanga upenyu zvakasikwa nezve shasha. Kuvambwa baba itsva uri kufamba remakore rechimakumi maviri vari kuramba Akakwezva zvenyika munharaunda.

Akakura debut mu America ichaitwa muna 1930 muSan Francisco, uye muna December 1931 aine zvinoshamisa tiguu wakanyarara Solo kuratidza. Munhoroondo yose miziyamu, raiva kwemasimba chete munyori wechipiri. rukudzo wokutanga kwakadaro paakavapa Anri Matiss. Mushure pashoo womufananidzo akatumira Detroit, paakange pachake vakakokwa Edsel Ford. Pano, mumwoyo maindasitiri America akafunga womufananidzo Diego Rivera akapiwa kuti kuurayiwa murals nokuti Art Institute riri dingindira "Detroit Industry". Henry Ford vaizivikanwa havanzwi Anti-Communist. Munguva kubva 1929 kusvika 1930 panguva Ford miti vakasara zviuru zvakawanda rovha varovi. Zviri kuziva kuti, pasinei ichi, Diego Rivera, chinzvimbo choga somunhu murwi kuti kodzero proletarita, anobvuma kuti mari panguva tycoon.

Part of seinäkartta pamwe rangano nziyo "Vaccination" zvaiita panotaurwa iconography iri Wokuzvarwa, uye ichi wakatsamwisa dutu nehasha uye pemitongo pachaunga uye madenderedzwa dzechitendero pamusoro Moore. Ruzha resonance munzanga razova chinhu chinokosha chezvinonhuwira Pamifananidzo uye ipapo akauya Detroit nokubwinya kukuru.

Man pamharadzano dzenzira

Enyika pfungwa the artist kunooneka basa rake uye dzimwe nguva kukonzera mhirizhonga zvinopesana vatengi. The mural "Man pamharadzano dzenzira, akatarira tariro kusarudzwa ramangwana itsva uye nani" chaiva chikonzero imwe nyaya idzi. Basa pariri akatanga muna March 1933. The Gakava yakaitika panguva pavaipfuura kusarudzwa panel, uye pakupedzisira akazova mavara seinäkartta panguva kuomerera nemunyori. Chaiva zvikamu zvitatu. Pakati pane munhu - mwene okunze. Sezvo basa seinäkartta kwazova kunzwisisa uye somugumisiro yaiva nyika mbiri juxtaposed. Kune rumwe rutivi kune zvinofadza gutsaruzhinji, pane dzimwe - kutyisa capitalism. Pakati vatambi kunyange kuzviratidza vamwe, zvikuru zvakafanana Lenin. The mural yaifanira aendeswe kuruzhinji pamukova chivakwa Rockefeller Center May 1, 1933. Asi zvinhu zvose zviri kuwedzera wokupomera haana kurega izvi zvichiitika, uye pasinei nokuti mhuri yacho Rockefeller ari kufunga kuita kuti aponese murali kunze chivakwa, kwakasarudzwa kuiparadza. Raiva guru kukundwa basa Rivera uye zvematongerwo enyika.

Impact pamusoro unyanzvi nyika

"Diego anondipa mwoyo. Akabudisa nokubwinya, vachisarudza havo kuita zvaari kuita iye zvino "- saka akataura pamusoro shamwari yake yepedyo Alfonso Reyes. Yezwi Cubism zvainoreva Diego Rivera. Painting "The achikudza Mhandara" uye "The musikana ne muchero" anoratidza yemunyori sangano iri mirayiridzo iyi. A Zvinoitwa basa kuchangobva rave akaremara kunzwisisa nzvimbo, kunyange kure cubism. In ose mabasa, yokudhirowa Kumikidzo kufamba uye hunova kwenzvimbo.

Chinokosha simba pamusoro inotungamirwa Diego Rivera aiva dzenhoroondo European kwokukurukurirana kupenda. Kuti murals nguva XIV - XVI emakore vakapa afungisise uye vakabatsira pakubudirira Pamifananidzo Diego. Kutanga kubva 1940, iye yakawana vaipiwa akabudirira tuore, saka kuti akakokwa kunoshanda panguva World Exhibition muSan Francisco, uye gare gare vakauya hurumende kuti kupenda National Palace kuMexico City.

Pokupedza nzira

Diego Rivera akafa musi November 24, 1957 kuMexico City uye akavigwa Rotunda yakakurumbira Artists. Akanga dzisingapindirani yose. Pamwe nechido tiite mirairo capitalists, achikudza gutsaruzhinji, vachinamatira vechiKomonisiti maonero. Akada vakadzi, asi vakaparadza kutapwa kwavo uye upenyu pamwe chete chido nako kupendwa Portraits dzavo. Diego Rivera, manyorero yawakanga asati kana pashure, akanga asingakwanisi kudzokorora mumwe vemifananidzo vakanga vasara shure zvakavanzika zhinji uye zvakavanzika kuti emakore anoverengeka haingatikwaniri kuagadzirisa.

Mushure ndatomboenda pamudyandigere aine makore 70, ndiye chete vasiya mudzimai wake waaida - Frida uye akasiya chinokosha nhaka tsika, nhoroondo, zvematongerwo enyika, uye mwoyo vaya vaimuda.