Dutch kupenda. Dutch Golden Age kupenda. Paintings ne Dutch Artists

Pamusoro Dutch kana Flemish mifananidzo anozivikanwa kunyange nevaya vasina ainyatsoziva unyanzvi. Asi vazhinji, hazvisati kupfuura Rembrandt Portraits. Zvichakadai, zviri yakakosha chaizvo, akakodzera uwane kudzidza nzvimbo European tsika, izvo zvinoreva pachena upenyu vanhu Netherlands panguva.

Nyaya

Mutsindo vamiririri ounyanzvi vakatanga kuonekwa munyika iri nemanomwe remakore. nemagariro ongororo French akavapa vanowanzochema zita - "Dutch duku", iyo isina chokuita kutambudzwa tarenda uye inomirira kutyira zvimwe dzinotaura zvoupenyu hwezuva nezuva, zvakapesana "guru" manyorero makuru pamatende Nhoroondo kana rengano nyaya. Nhoroondo kwaita Dutch kupenda yakanga zvakajeka muna rechigumi nemapfumbamwe remakore, uye vanyori mabasa varo kushandisa iri izwi. "Small Dutchmen" anosiyaniswa yokunyika realism nyaya kunze nyika, uye vanhu vakashandisa unyanzvi, mupfumi zvenzwi.

Milestones

Nhoroondo kwaita Dutch kupenda chinogona kukamurwa akawanda nguva. Chokutanga chakaita anenge makore 1620 ne 1630, apo National nounyanzvi rakanga realism mvumo. Nguva Dutch kupenda yechipiri achipfuura muna 1640-1660 gg. nguva ino, izvo chinoita ruva chaiye uri chikoro yemo. Pakupedzisira, nguva yechitatu, iyo nguva apo Dutch kupenda akatanga kusviba - kubva 1670 kusvikira mukutanga namasere remakore.

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti tsika nzvimbo panguva ino akachinjwa. Muzana rokutanga nguva, achitungamirira vemifananidzo akashanda Haarlem, uye mumiriri chikuru chaiva Khalsa. Zvadaro, musimboti akatamira Amsterdam, apo rinokosha basa rinoitwa Rembrandt uye Vermeer.

Mifananidzo zvoupenyu hwezuva nezuva

Uchinyora anokosha Genres rechiDutch painting, iva nechokwadi kuti kutanga mutengi - kupfuura wakachenjeera uye yepakutanga munhau. It Flemings akazarura nyika mifananidzo muupenyu vanhuwo zvavo, vanhuwo zvavo uye vagari kana burghers. Mapiyona vakatanga Ostade uye vateveri vake Audenrogge, Bega uye Dyusart. Mukutanga mifananidzo yose Ostade vanhu kutamba makasa, kupopotedzana uye kunyange kurwa vari tavern. mufananidzo neimwe ine simba, yakati utsinye hunhu. Dutch kupenda vomunguva idzodzo uye rinotiudza pamusoro runyararo rwaivapo: vamwe mabasa vanhuwo zvavo vanotaura pamusoro chubhu uye girazi doro, vanopedza nguva kwakanaka kana mumhuri. Vasisanetswi Rembrandt zvakakonzera kushandiswa kwakapararira chiedza nyoro yendarama uye pamumvuri. Urban Mifananidzo kunofuridzirwa vemifananidzo akadai Hals, Leyster, Molenaar uye Codd. Pakati pezana nemanomwe remakore vatenzi vanoratidzwa navanachiremba, masayendisiti acho, okudhindira dzavo, mabasa pamba kana magariro zviitiko. Nyaya imwe neimwe yakanga zvemafaro dzimwe nguva zvokufananidzira didactic. Vamwe vatenzi inorapa poeticize muupenyu Somuenzaniso, Terborch kuratidza mifananidzo mimhanzi-kugadzira, kana norudo. Metsu akashandisa mavara akajeka, akashandura zuva nezuva kuva nezororo, uye of Hooch akafuridzirwa pakururama woupenyu hwemhuri, akazadzwa mu diffuse masikati. Zvadaro, mumiriri wenyika Genre, izvo zvinosanganisira zvakadai Dutch Painters sezvo Van der Werf uye Aert Van Der Neer, kwake rekuvandudza asike kwezvokufuka mifananidzo vanowanzotorwa chinzvimbo nyaya.

Nature uye nharaunda

Uyezve, Dutch kupenda nevakawanda kumiririrwa mu Genre nzvimbo. Akanga wokutanga akaberekwa mabasa vatenzi zvakadai Haarlem sezvo motokari Goyen, de Moleyn uye Van Ruisdael. Vakatanga chinoreva vokumaruwa makona mune imwe chiedza silvery. Material kubatana zvakasikwa akabuda ari mapepa yakatsviriridza. Tinofanirawo vanotaurawo seascapes. Seascape vaiva Dutch Painters ramakore rechi17 sezvo Porsellis, de Vlieger uye Van De Capelle. Havana chete vakatsvaka kubudisa vamwe zvomumvura zvikamu, vakawanda vakaedza rinoratidza mvura pacharo, mutambo chiedza pamusoro payo, uye mudenga.

By yechipiri yezana namanomwe remakore, Genre rine zvakawanda mupfungwa mabasa nepfungwa dzouzivi. Maximum anoratidza runako Dutch nzvimbo Jan Van Ruisdael bonde yose zvayo mitambo, simba uye monumentality. Mutsivi kwetsika ayo rava chitandadzo, achisarudza jeka nharaunda. Koninck ichifananidzwa pani uye Van Der Hep mukusika uye kupararira scenery moonlight, zuva kusvika parinonyura. Kwemakore anoverengeka vemifananidzo uye nharaunda cho mufananidzo vari mhuka, dzakadai mhou uye mabhiza zvigare, uyewo kunovhima zvatinoona uye navatasvi vamabhiza. Gare gare, vemifananidzo akatanga kudzidzawo uye yezvakaita vatorwa - Boat Van Lahr, Weenix, Berchem uye Hackert kuratidza Italy, kugeza ari kupenya kwezuva. Mumwe piyona ari Genre pamusoro madhorobha nzvimbo vakava Sanredam, vateveri nani vanogona kunzi hama Berkheyde uye Yana Van der Heijden.

mufananidzo omukati

A yoga Genre, izvo zvakasiyana Dutch kupenda waro ichatonga zvine mbiri, zvatinoona zvinogona kunzi chechi, muzinda neimba zvivako. The omukati aonekwa mune mifananidzo rechipiri hafu namanomwe vanatenzi remakore Delft - Haukgesta, Van Der Vliet uye of Witte, uyo akava mumiriri mukuru mirayiridzo. Achishandisa mabikirwo Vermeer, Painters anofananidzwa nhoroondo yashambidzwa dzinongoitika chiedza, azere Manzwiro uye chiyero.

Wakajeka madhishi uye nemidziyo

Pakupedzisira, mumwe chakanangana Genre rechiDutch kupenda - achiri upenyu, kunyanya chisvusvuro mufananidzo. kekutanga vanofanira harlemtsy uye Klas Heda, uyo kupendwa matafura akafukidzwa muumbozha tableware. Picturesque nyonganyonga uye chinokosha hutachiwana unodziya mukati izere nesirivha-kuchena chiedza, tsika sirivha uye pewter. Utrecht vemifananidzo akavhomora akasvibirira ruva vachiri lifes, uye chidimbu Hague vatenzi dzakakwanisa mufananidzo hove uye zvomumvura nezvinokambaira. In weLeiden paiva kuitika kwouzivi zviri Genre, umo zviratidzo kufadza nyama uye nokubwinya yepanyika pamwe dehenya uye hourglass, zvakagadzirirwa kufanana tinongorarama kwemakore mashoma nguva. Affordable Kitchen achiri upenyu vakava pakuva Art School MuRotterdam.