Olfactory analyzer: marongerwo uye ushande. Age peculiarities of olfactory analyzer

Achibatsirwa rakasiyana-siyana analyzers godobori munyika. Zviri kuburikidza kuona, kunzwa, kunhuwidza uye dzimwe pfungwa tinoona kwezvakatipoteredza, tinoziva ngozi. Mumwe munhu ari analyzers akasiyana kunogona kukudziridzwa haisi chete. Tichaedza kuwana kubva munyaya, kuti chinhu olfactory hurongwa. Chimiro uye basa, utano kukosha imwe pfungwa nhengo vari munyaya ino.

Kutsunga of olfactory nhengo

Akawanda emashoko pamusoro murume nyika anoona achibatsirwa ari nhengo nechaanoona, asi pasina kunhuhwidza mufananidzo haana kujeka kudaro, yakajeka.

The olfactory Hurongwa akagadzirirwa kuti vasabatwa ose zvinhu zviri soluble uye nhaka volatility. ino pave mufananidzo kuzviitira muchimiro vamwe kunhuwirira. Zvichireva olfactory analyzer uyewo iri chokwadi chokuti anokwanisa chinangwa kunyatsoongorora mhepo yepamusoro, zvokudya uye zvakatipoteredza zvarwo.

Kana tikaenzanisa kuti nhengo hwema mune vanhu nemhuka, kunogona kutaurwa kuti muviri ane zvaanoreva mhuka. Asi hazvigoni kukudziridzwa vose zvakafanana. Somuenzaniso, kune upenyu siyana kuti avo olfactory hurongwa kunokudziridzwa zvakanaka zvakakwana. Somuenzaniso, mamwe marudzi kungozvifunga vanogona kuwana mudiwa wako nokuda hwema ari chinhambwe 8 makiromita. Munhu wose ari kuziva imbwa, izvo zvinogona kuenda kutevera munhu, kutungamirirwa munhuwi zvake.

Body munhuhwi

Kana tikafunga kushanda olfactory analyzer, zvinokwanisika kuziva kupfuura inokosha:

1. Analysis zvokudya pamusoro dzinodyiwa uye anoyevedza. With ino zvinoita kuona ukuru suitability zvibereko.
2. Inotungamirwa kudya.
3. Olfactory hurongwa chinobatanidzwa zvakananga pakaitika kwezvakanga zvomudumbu wemuTesitamende chikafu kugadzira.
4. Definition of ngozi zvinhu kuti muviri womunhu.
5. Inotungamirwa dzepabonde kuti kuva anogona kushandurwa pasi pokudzora hwema.
6. With kutora chikamu yacho analyzer kunoitika dzidziso dzevanhu mu zvakatipoteredza.
7. Zivo kwokunze nyika haigoni kuita pasina olfactory nenyere.

Zvinogona kucherechedzwa kuti vanhu vari kunyimwa kuona, kunhuwidza inogona yakawedzera, uye vari nani zvikuru kunhuhwidza kuvabatsira kufamba munyika.

The nemamiriro olfactory analyzer

Kana tikafunga sechivako ichi kutsinga dzinouya nhengo, tinogona kuona zvinotevera madhipatimendi:

1. Peripheral. Rine Kanotokonya masero ari nasal mucosa. Vanoguma cilia vakapoteredzwa madzihwa. It urwa uye odorous zvinhu. Chemical kusakarongeka kunoitika, iyo dzikwanise tsinga nomunhu.
2. Muimbisi dhipatimendi vanosanganisira ari olfactory etsinga. Pairi muri anonongedzera kubva receptors ari hunoita nhengo nhatu, uko olfactory girobhu racho. Mairi pane chikuru kuongorora mashoko, ipapo pulses vachaenda inotevera dhipatimendi analyzer.
3. Central Division iri mune zvenyama frontal lobes pakati cerebral cortex. Zviri pano kuti akaita kwokupedzisira isssledovanie mashoko akatakura kwakanaka pamutemo uye wakadenha kokupedzisira achipindura muviri wayo migumisiro.

Tinyatsoziva marongerwo uye kushanda madhipatimendi izvi zvizere.

The peripheral Chikamu analyzer

Tichitarisa nemamiriro olfactory analyzer, zvinokosha kutanga kubva kadhi kwokutanga. Riri mune nasal mhango. Munzvimbo idzi, kuti mucous Kamudzira iri thickened zvishoma, musoro wakafukidzwa mucous secretions, izvo kutamba rwokudzivirira basa, kukudzivirira kubva vachiyanikira panze, uye munyaya kubviswa mikana yakawanda yokukurudzira yasara pashure kwavo chokupfeka.

Zvinonzi pano akaita kuonana pakati odorants uye Kanotokonya masero. The epithelium marudzi maviri masero:

• Reference. Ivo vanobatanidzwa metabolic kwendangariro.
• Olfactory. Izvi receptors pachavo, izvo zvine vazhinji cilia kuwedzera nokudyidzana nzvimbo.

masero Olfactory mbiri muitiro, mumwe icho asiwo olfactory girobhu racho, uye tsvimbo wechipiri ane chimiro uye inoguma vesicle cilia.

kondakita dhipatimendi

Kupesana izvi zvichiitirwa kutakura mashoko anomirirwa Zvisinei tsinga makwara kuti vanoumba olfactory etsinga. Inoitwa nomunhu mwanda kuenda thalamus.

Aona chokuita chikamu ichocho ndicho chinoita ezvinhu, rinotsanangura kuvapo manzwiro nedanho omumwe kunhuwirira. Somuenzaniso, vamwe kunhuwirira zvinogona kukonzera mufaro, vamwe - ukozoro uye zvichingodaro.

The nechepakati dhipatimendi analyzer

Boka iri zvinosanganisira olfactory girobhu racho. Izvi zvakare dhipatimendi iri epanyama lobes wouropi.

All iri pamberi peya serin'i lobes zviri cortex munzvimbo yacho hippocampus.

mashandiro Kwakanaka

To zvinobudirira maonero irritants mamorekuru dzavo vanofanira kutanga mudutu madzihwa kuti runopoteredza Kanotokonya masero. Zvadaro pane kukurukurirana zvimwe mapuroteni midzi muchitokisi membrane.

Kwakadaro kuonana zvinokwanisika, kana pezvakaita vakurukurirane unoenderana chimiro puroteni Morekuru. Slimy fuma anotonga Kuwanikwa pamusoro receptors kuti mamorekuru ose odorous zvinhu.

Pashure anotikurudzira Morekuru kuonana nevanhu Kanotokonya mapuroteni, kuchinja mukupera mamiriro, mauri yavaibvisa Ion Mipata rakazaruka riri membrane. Yavaibvisa ions pinda nokusika kupomera zvakanaka kuti dzinotungamirira Kamudzira depolarization.

Kubva akasunungura neurotransmitter Kanotokonya muchitokisi, zvichiita kuti pakuonekwa etsinga chido kuti zvikamu huta fibers. Saka, sezvo olfactory etsinga chido excitation anotanga kutapukira dzimwe nhengo analyzer.

Basa olfactory hurongwa

Kana iwe fungidzira sei vanhu olfactory analyzer, ose basa unogona kukamurwa muzvikamu akawanda:

1. Kukwidziridzwa odorous anotikurudzira kuti Kanotokonya masero, iyo inoguma remubatanidzwa pamwe Kanotokonya mapurotini.
2. Kutendeuka makemikari ekisiposha odorant kupinda tsinga nomunhu. Rinotanga Danho ichi chete accession kuti Kanotokonya anotikurudzira uye rinopera chibereko tsinga nomunhu.
3. Kufambira tsinga zvairatidza kuti rezasi etsinga nzvimbo. Inogona deciphered sezvo sangano iri mirayiridzo olfactory girobhu racho.
4. kupomba shanduko mune olfactory girobhu racho.
5. Kukwidziridzwa tsinga nomunhu kupinda dzakakwirira olfactory nzvimbo.
6. Kuvaka kuzvinetsa muchimiro zvimwe zvakanaka.

muzvikamu zvose izvi sequentially kutevera mumwe. Kana uri kusangana nematambudziko kana zvinetso pane mumwe wavo, tinogona kutaura kuti omumwe Rinofembedza runovhuniwa.

Muropa olfactory analyzer

Kunyanya munhu olfactory analyzer takakurukura, asi kuri kucherechedza kuti Switch hurongwa anokwanisa kuchinja. Izvi zvinoitika panguva kwenguva refu kuona kuti tide kuita.

analyzer kwadzakabva anogona kuitika mukati masekonzi shoma, uye dzimwe nguva zvinotora kusvikira maminitsi mashanu. Zvose zvinoenderana zvinhu zvinoverengeka:

• Ya kuonana odorous zvinhu.
• Wevasungwa of vakurukurirane.
• wokufema.

Pane zvakakwana guru boka odorant kusvika olfactory hurongwa iyo zvinoenderana nokukurumidza. Zvinotora zviduku nguva, uye munhuwi hakuchisina akanzwa. Muenzaniso unoshamisa ndiko kwadzakabva rakazara munhuwi muviri wake, mumba zvinhu.

Vamwe irritants muropa kuumbwa zvishoma nezvishoma kana yapera. Kana pachena kuti simba olfactory anotikurudzira kwenguva pfupi nguva muropa munogona muchimiro kuwedzera nehanya yacho analyzer.

Yatova chikasimbiswa kuti kwadzakabva pakukura asingadi kuitika muchikamu rokutanga analyzer, uye chechipiri, ndiro cortex. Kazhinji, kana mazhinji nezvemidzimu chete odorant, mu cerebral cortex aumba kuramba nemadzinza kufara. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, kunhuhwidza zvingaitika uye kana kubatwa vamwe mikana yakawanda yokukurudzira. Dzimwe nguva kunzwa anogona kuva kunetsa uye rinowanika kunyange tisina kuitika. Muchiitiko ichi tinogona kutaura zvisipo kana zvinovadadira.

Tinogona chete kutaura chokwadi kuti kana pane kwadzakabva mumwe zvakananga munhuhwi, hazvina kukanganisa maonero nedzimwe kuitika, sezvo vose kuitika maererano receptors siyana.

Pfungwa kwakanaka maonero

Pari kune vanopfuura zviuru 10 odorants. Vose vanogona kuiswa mumakirasi manomwe chikuru kunhuwirira:

• Flower.
• Mint.
• Musky.
• Watermark.
• Chinonyangadza.
• Camphor.
• Kuparadza.

Kana paine musanganiswa zvinonhuhwirira akawanda, ayo olfactory analyzer anogona kuonekwa sechinhu yeshoko zvachose itsva. Mamorekuru Akaoma siyana zvinhu zviri kusiyaniswa zvakasiyana chimiro, semuenzaniso, camphor kwakanaka ane dzeraundi Morekuru, uye musk - munhu Disc. Mukuwedzera, vari kunyange uye yemagetsi nokuchengeta: munhu kunogona, uye mumwe - kunaka.

Pane zvakawanda dzidziso kuti vanoedza kutsanangura mashandiro kuti maonero ose kunhuwirira. Pari rakajairika ndiye stereochemical, iyo inoti kuti Kamudzira Kanotokonya masero muri nzvimbo pakubhadhara anoverengeka. Avo akasiyana nechivako dzavo uye electrophilicity. Kuti vanokwanisa kuona odorous mamorekuru imwe chimiro uye kukura.

Mhando olfactory zvirwere

Uyewo, olfactory analyzer yakatanga panguva zvose hazvina chete, uyezve, anogona kuitwa dzimwe hadzina kufambiswa zvakanaka uye zvarakasiya pabasa rake;

• Anosmia ari kushaya zvakakwana nokukwanisa kunzwisisa kunhuwirira.
• Hyposphresia - zvinoderedza kunhuwidza.
• Hyperospheresia nekusiyana, pane dzimwe yakakwirira olfactory nehanya.
• Parosmiya chinoratidzwa rwakakwana omumwe kunhuwirira.
• Kutyora Kusiyanisa.
• The pakuonekwa olfactory zvisipo.
• Olfactory agnosia anoiswa panyaya, kana munhu anogona munhuwi, asi havagoni kuziva izvozvo.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti nezera pane zvishoma nezvishoma kuderera olfactory nehanya. Olfactory analyzer hakusi kugona Rinofembedza saka zvakajeka uye nokukurumidza. Masayendisiti anofungidzira kuti nemakore 50 ari kunhuhwidza srednestaticheskogo munhu ipfupi nehafu zvichienzaniswa mwana.

Olfactory analyzer uye zera mamiriro

Pakutanga panguva fetus kukura olfactory analyzer anotanga kuumba peripheral chikamu. Izvi zvawave 8 vhiki okukura. Pakazopera pamuviri, ave chaihwo, pakazopera 8 months, analyzer ichi chava zvakazara kuumbwa.

Nechekare pakarepo pashure pokuberekwa anogona kuchengeta achangoberekwa mukupindura kunhuwirira. Izvi zvinoonekwa muchimiro chiso kufamba, kuchinja mwoyo tsandanyama, respiratoria, muviri chinzvimbo.

Zviri kuburikidza kunhuhwidza kukambaira anodzidza munhuwi mai vake. Iyi Nhengo kutsinga dzinouya zvinokosha chezvinonhuwira paumbwe hunenge zvokudya. Zvishoma nezvishoma, sezvinoita mwana inokura, pane kuwedzera pamusoro analyzer kukwanisa kusiyanisa zviri kunhuwirira. The fineness uye simba izvi kunowedzera nokuti 4 mwedzi.

Kana iwe enzanisa kukwanisa kunzwisisa uye kusiyanisa kunhuwirira muvana makore 5-6 okukura uye vakuru, zvinganzi kuti ekupedzisira iri yepamusoro zvikuru.

Ava nemakore zvechadenga olfactory analyzer. Tinogona kutaura kuti somugumisiro enderana kudzidziswa anogona yekudyidzana kuvandudza hwavo kunhuhwidza, asi vanosvuta pangozi yokurasikirwa tinoshandisa maonero, sezvo constituent zvinoumba fodya utsi vane inokanganisa pamusoro receptors. Uyewo kakawanda anogumbura zvirwere nasal mhango rubatsiro kuderedza munhuwi.

Pano isu amutsvaka olfactory hurongwa. Marongerwo uye mashandiro akatsanangura pamwe chakazara Accessibility. Tinogona kutaura nechivimbo kuti zvose pfungwa dzinokosha kuti vanhu. Kana paine matambudziko zvinenge imwe analyzer, ipapo tinogona kutaura kuti adequacy kuti maonero enyika ipfupi, akarasikirwa kuzara nezvekufadza zvoupenyu. Zvichengetedze uye pfungwa dzako.