Olfactory tsinga: zviratidzo uye zviratidzo

Kunhuhwidza - mumwe nezvekufadza rokutanga kuonekwa panguva mwana. Naye anotanga kuziva nyika uye pachake. Ravirai henyu kuti munhu anonzwa apo kudya - ndiko kukosha munhuhwi, kwete mutauro, sezvo zvaiita kare. Kunyange Classics nharo kuti pfungwa yedu kunhuwidza kunogona kubatsira mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma. Sezvo rakanyorwa JRR Tolkien. "Kana iwe kurasika, nguva dzose kuenda kupi kuti hunonhuwirira nani."

anatomi

Olfactory tsinga cranial zvinoreva boka uyewo dzinokosha aikanganiswa pakati tsinga. mavambo ayo anotora pamusoro mucosa rokumusoro uye pakati nasal ndima. Kurongedza neurosensory masero vanoumba ikoko dzouropi ari olfactory turakiti rokutanga.

Gumi namashanu makumi unmyelinated fibers kupinda munzvimbo cranial mhango kuburikidza chinjikira bwendefa ethmoid mapfupa. Ikoko, vanobatana mune olfactory girobhu racho, unova Neural anotenderera wechipiri. Kubva Mabumba kuenda refu Neural spines, yakatumwa kuna olfactory Triangle. Zvadaro vari muzvikamu zviviri uye kunyudzwa kupinda mberi Perforated mundiro uye segirazi partition. Pane vamwe nzira Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu.

Mushure wechitatu dzouropi nzira inoenda chepfungwa cortex, kureva munzvimbo chirauro kusvika olfactory hurongwa. On nzvimbo iyi olfactory etsinga inoguma. Anatomy zviri nyore, vachibvumira vanachiremba kuziva kutyorwa ari siyana munzvimbo uye kuvabvisa.

mabasa

The chaizvo nemamiriro zita anoratidza, chii kuti. Kushanda olfactory etsinga vanofanira kubata kunhuwirira uye decoding nayo. Vanovata kudya uye salivation, kana hunonhuhwira, kana, nekusiyana, kutsamwisa kurutsa uye kurutsa apo munhuwi murombo.

Kuti uite izvi chaizvoizvo olfactory tsinga ichipfuura ari reticular inotungamirwa uye akatumirwa brainstem. Ikoko fibers chokuita kune zvenguva cores, glossopharyngeal uye vagus tsinga. Munharaunda iyi dziri raiva musimboti olfactory etsinga.

Anozivikanwa chokwadi kuti vamwe Rinofembedza tive zvimwe manzwiro. Saka, kupa zvakafanana sei, olfactory tsinga fibers chokuita subcortical kutarisana analyzer, hypothalamus uye chikamu ichocho ndicho chinoita hurongwa.

anosmia

"Anosmia" rinoshandurwa se "hapana munhuhwi". Kana ichi chiri kucherechedzwa kumativi ose, zvakanga anofarira kuparadzwa nasal mucosa (rhinitis, sinusitis, polyps) uye, sezvo mutemo, hauna kutya chero migumisiro zvakakura. Asi munhu mumwe chete angoramba kufirwa kunhuwa vanofanira kufunga chii chaigona ndirohwe kubudikidza olfactory etsinga.

Zvinokonzera chirwere kunogonawo kuva vestigial olfactory turakiti kana pfupa mitswe yeDehenya, somuenzaniso, kuti lamina cribrosa. Weboka olfactory etsinga zvavo hunonyatsobatana kuti pfupa zvivako zviri dehenya. Chinogona kukuvadza fibers uye mapfupa zvimedu pashure nasal nokutyora, maxillary muchadenga. Kuvadza olfactory girobhu racho uye zvichida nemhaka zvinokuvadza uropi yacho, kana kuwira pasi nape.

Anogumbura zvirwere zvakadai etmoidit, mune yepamusoro nyaya ikavhunduka ethmoid uye kukuvadza olfactory etsinga.

Hyposphresia uye hyperospheresia

Hyposphresia - zvinoderedza kunhuwidza. Zvinogona kuitika nokuda chete zvikonzero sezvo anosmia:

• thickening of mucosa mhino;
• anogumbura zvirwere;
• neoplasms;
• zvinokuvadza.

Dzimwe nguva chiratidzo chete ane aneurysm uropi midziyo, kana mapundu pamusoro Anterior cranial fossa.

Hyperospheresia (yakawedzera kana kwakawedzera kunhuhwidza), kuchengetwa mupfungwa labile vanhu, uyewo mamwe marudzi chemaneka. Inosimudzira aikanganiswa kunhuwirira kuchengetwa nevanhu fema zvinodhaka, zvakadai cocaine. Dzimwe nguva hyperospheresia nokuti chokuti olfactory etsinga innervation ari kuparadzirwa pamusoro guru nzvimbo nasal mucosa. vanhu vakadaro kazhinji vanova vashandi kwamafuta indasitiri.

Parosmiya: olfactory fungidziro

Parosmiya - nayo kunaka maonero kunhuwidza, izvo kazhinji kunoitika panguva yepamuviri. Pathological parosmiya dzimwe nguva kuchengetwa schizophrenia, kukundwa ari subcortical nzvimbo munhuhwi (the parahippocampal gyrus uye chirauro), mu chemaneka. In varwere nesimbi kushaikwa kupererwa neropa aona zviratidzo zvakafanana: nokunhuhwirira peturu, pendi, Asphalt, choko.

Maronda of olfactory etsinga mu zvenyama akafukidza kunokonzera chaiyo Aura pamberi pfari uye anoita fungidziro zviri psychosis.

Nzira dzokudzidza

Kuti tizive mamiriro murwere kunhuhwidza, wetsinga anoita chaiyo bvunzo kuziva Rinofembedza siyana. Chakarurama zvinonhuhwirira havafaniri kuva kukuomesera, kuitira kuti kunokanganisa kuchena kuedza. Murwere akakumbirwa kuti adzikame, maziso enyu kutsikirira yenyu munwe pamhino. Pashure pamhino ichi chechipiri zvishoma nezvishoma tireyi hwema fuma. It rinorumbidza kushandiswa zvaizivikanwa munhuhwi dzevanhu, asi kuti kudzivisa amoniya, vhiniga, sezvo avo inhalation asi olfactory, uye kunyange ashatirwa trigeminal tsinga.

Chiremba anonyora migumisiro miedzo uye kuhududzira hama kune chakaipa nazvo. Kunyange kana murwere havagoni zita fuma, chokwadi pamusoro kunhuhwidza vanodzinga kukuvara tsinga.

Namamota uropi uye kunhuhwidza

Muuropi mapundu akasiyana localizations, hematomas, abudise kuti doro anokurukura nemamwe maitiro kuti tsonyera uropi fuma kana kutsikirira nahwo yeDehenya mapfupa inotungamirwa. Muchiitiko ichi chinogona kuva chimwe kana kaviri madziro kutyora kunhuwidza. Chiremba anofanira kuziva kuti tsinga fibers vari vayambuka, saka kunyange kana nzvimbo lesion rumwe rutivi, hyposphresia zviviri-mativi.

The kukundwa of olfactory etsinga ndiyo chikamu kraniobazalnogo syndrome. It kunoratidzwa kwete chete compression ari medulla, asiwo ischemia kwayo. Varwere kuva zvokurwara majoko matanhatu okutanga cranial tsinga. Zviratidzo zvingava gogonera, pane mubatanidzwa zvakasiyana.

mabatiro

Zvokurwara of olfactory etsinga rokutanga mugove ayo kupfuura mune mumatsutso uye muchando, kana paine hombe kuitika chakasimba zvirwere kufema uye yokuSpain. Refu kwechirwere chacho kunogona kukonzera kurasikirwa zvakakwana kunhuwidza. Recovery tsinga basa zvinotora mwedzi gumi kuti gore. nguva ino yose kosi pakurapa kweiyi rokuzvivandudza rakaita kuti irambe pezvakaitwa yaifanira.

Mugore chenjera kutotanga pfava ibasa physiotherapy:

• microwave jekiseni mhino uye maxillary sinuses;
• UV nokufumura ari nasal mucosa, inokwana 2-3 biodozy;
• magnetotherapy namapapiro mhino uye maxillary sinuses;
• michini nemwaranzi ane kakawanda 50-80 Hz.

Unogona sangana nzira mbiri dzokutanga, uye vokupedzisira maviri. Izvi zvinoita kuti ukurumidze kupora kurasika mabasa. Mushure kurapwa kupora, vapore uye physiotherapy kurapwa kuitwa sezvinotevera:

• electrophoresis kushandisa gadziriro "No-Spa", "Neostigmine", uyewo nicotinic asidhi kana lidazy;
• phonophoresis mhino uye sinuses kwemaminitsi gumi nerimwe zuva;
• dzvuku Laser nemwaranzi chakarondedzera;
• endonasal electrostimulation.

Mumwe nzira yokurapa rinoitwa kuti mazuva gumi ne zvikamu gumi nemashanu kusvika makumi maviri mazuva asati zvizere kudzorerwa kushanda olfactory etsinga.