Nzvimbo yepamusoro yenzvimbo yeAmazonian pasi. Mifananidzo yeAmazonian Lowland

Muchikoro chechikoro che geografia dzinotsika pasi, dzichidzidza zvayo, nzvimbo, nzvimbo, mamiriro okunze, mvura iri mukati. Kunyanya kukoshesa kunokodzera chikamu chendima, iyo iri paSouth America continent, - pasi reAmazonian. Pamupu kuti awane kubata kwake hakuzovi, sezvo ari mukuru pane imwe nyika. Nzvimbo dzakadzika kumavirira ndiyo Andes gomo system, kumabvazuva inosvika kumhenderekedzo yeAlantic Ocean. Uye kuchamhembe iyo inopera paGuana Plateau, kumaodzanyemba inosangana neBrazilian Plateau.

Iyo pasi yeAmazonian inoratidzika kwete chete nehukuru hwayo, asiwo nehuwandu hwayo. Iyi ndima inogona kutumidzwa kuti umambo hwesango risingachinji uye maruva. Dzimwe mhuka dzinogara munzvimbo ino dzine ngozi. Zvisinei, zvakawanda pane izvi gare gare.

Tsanangudzo Plan

Kuti urondedze nzvimbo dzakadzika dzeAmazon, unoda kushandisa chirongwa, muenzaniso waro unoratidzwa pasi apa. Nekubatsira kwayo iwe unogona kuita tsanangudzo yakazara yenzvimbo ye geographical.

Urongwa:

1. Tsanangudzo pfupi yemapani.
2. Geographical position.
3. Territorial division.
4. Inner water.
5. Mamiriro ekunze.
6. Vegetation uye ivhu.
7. Animal world.
8. Kubudirira.

Saka, urongwa hunoitwa, iwe unogona kutanga kutanga kurondedzera iyo nyika yakadzika.

Tsanangudzo shoma

Maodzanyemba emaAmazonian (ari pamapu eSouth Southern Nyika) inzvimbo yakadzika yeSouth America. Uye, sezvatotaurwa, ndiyo yakakura pane imwe nyika. Nharaunda yaro inopfuura mamiriyoni mashanu emamita mita. Km.

Kumhenderekedzo yepasi kwakagadzirwa semagumisiro emafuta asingasviki kubva pasi pehombekombe yakawanda yepasi, Amazon, pasi. Iyi nzira (kuunganidza) yave ichienderera kwemakore akawanda. Maodzanyemba Amazonian anogara zvachose murwizi. Ivhareji yakakwirira yeiyi nzvimbo inobva pa100 kusvika 300 m pamusoro pegungwa.

Ndekupi Amazon Lowland?

Nyika yeAmazonian inowanikwa mune tsvina (syneclise) ye South South platform. Izvi zvinosvibiswa zvakazadzwa nematombo ePaleozoic nguva. Kumusoro nekumaodzanyemba, mabani akafanana nekriststalline matombo ehovo uye zvishoma nezvishoma anokwira kumatare.

Ndekupi mapoka eAmazon ari pamepu? Kuti ugone kupindura mubvunzo uyu, iwe unofanira kutanga watanga kuwana kondinendi yeSouth America. Ikoko, pakati pemamiriyoni 49 ° ne78 ° kumaodzanyemba kwemaodzanyemba uye kufanana kwe5 ° kuchamhembe uye 19 ° kumaodzanyemba kwezasi kune nzvimbo yakakura, hova dzine ruzivo. Sezvo mutemo, pamamapu, nyika yakaderera yakasimbiswa mumucheka wegirini, saka hazvizove zvakaoma kuwana miganhu yayo.

Territorial division

Munharaunda, pasi reAmazonian rinopatsanurwa kuva zvikamu zviviri. Iyi ndiyo yeWestern neEastern Amazon. Muganhu uri pakati pavo unofungidzirwa kuti ndiwo mahombekombe makuru eMuRwizi rwaAmazon: chakarurama ndecheTapajos uye kuruboshwe ndiRio Negro.

Western Amazonia

Rusununguko runotapira uye runyoro runomiririrwa kumadokero nemaodzanyemba kweAmazonian. Iyo yakakwirira inogona kusiyana zvishoma, asi chiyero hachidarika mamita 100. Inonyanya kuwedzera kubva kuchamhembe kusvika kumaodzanyemba, inosvika kusvika 1 600 km.

Inner water

Zvizhinji zvehova huru dzinoyerera mumapani eAmazonian dzinotangira mumakomo eAndes. Vanowana zvokudya kubva kunechando kunyauka mumakomo. Mukuwedzera, ivo vanodyiswa nemvura yepasi. Nzizi dzeWestern Amazon dzinozivikanwa nehutano hwavo hwakaoma hunobuda uye mvura yakakwirira. Mipata ine mafashame makuru, kakawanda akazara. Munguva yemvura yakakwirira, mvura iri muhova ingakwira 10-15 m, uye rwizi runopararira pamusoro pemakumi makumi emakiromita emakiromita. Dzimwe nzizi dzemvura dzinoyerera mabhendi avo kwemakore akawanda. Mhepo iri pedyo nenzizi iri kumhanya nemvura ine madhaka. Masango ane kazhinji anowanikwa. Nzizi dzakawanda uye dzinokosha zvikuru dzenharaunda ndeye: Napo, Maranion, Ucayali, Beni, Yapura-Kaketa, Isa-Putumayo.

Mamiriro ekunze emamiriro eWestern Amazonia

Nzvimbo yenharaunda yeAlazonian lowland inobata zvakananga mamiriro ekunze. Chikamu chekumadokero chacho chiri mukati me equatorial belt. Pano, iyo inonyanya kunaya uye inopisa mumhepo. Ivhareji yemvura gore negore ndeye 2 500-3 500 mm. Ichi ndicho chiratidzo chakakwirira chepasi. Mvura inonaya inonaya inoitwa pano zuva nezuva, masikati. Ichando hachimi munharaunda iyi, asireji yekupisa ndeye 28 ° С ... + 30 ° С. Kunyorowa kwemhepo mukati memiganhu ye80-90%, pamambakwedza kunogona kusvika kusvika ku100%.

Vegetation

Izvo zvinomera zvinotungamirirwa nemasango anokonzera masango - selva uye gilei. Zvirongwa zvezvizenga izvi, zvinowanzotarirwa kuitika mafashamo nekuda kwemvura zhinji, inonzi Igapo. Kazhinji mvura yakazara mafashamo, uye pamusoro pemvura inogona kuonekwa semiti yakareba chete. Kazhinji mbeu dzezvinomera dzinotakurwa pamusoro pemvura kwenguva refu. Apo mvura yemvura inodonha, vanogara uye vanosimuka pachavo.

Miti inogadziriswa lateritic, inowanzove nemuvara wearineni nekuda kwealumina nesimbi yakabuda pamusoro. Masango eWestern Amazonia akakwirira (korona yemiti inosvika 30-35 m, ivo vamiririri vakakwirira vari kusvika mamiriyoni 60), zvakaoma kusvika, kusvibiswa, kusingagoneki, zvichienderana nemunhu.

Animal world

Nharaunda yenharaunda yeAsia yeAlland Islands ine maitiro ayo. Somuenzaniso, kurutivi rwamavirazuva kune kuwedzera kwemvura. Ndicho chikonzero munharaunda iyi inogara mhuka idzodzo, dzinowanzogarwa nemiti. Izvi ndezvikwereti, mbongoro, opossums, anteaters uye endemics dzomunharaunda - hunyoro hunobereka kubva kumhuri yezviputi. Gadziriro yavo yemasango mumasango eAsiaia inogona kuwanikwa jaguar yakaonekwa, gumi puma uye jaguarundi duku.

Mamiriro okunze emvura inzvimbo yakanaka yezvipembenene, zvinokambaira, mamphibians. Western Amazonia - nzvimbo yakanakisisa pane imwe nyika kune marudzi akasiyana eyoka. Pano panorarama vamiririri vane ngozi zvikuru: zhararaka, anotyisa rattler, aspid, mhinzwa-bushmeyster. Asi mhuka dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa munzvimbo ino ndeyeo-boa constrictors, inotungamirirwa nenyoka huru panyika-an anaconda.
Nzizi dzeAmazon dzine pfuma yakawanda. Mukuwedzera kune hove dzekutengeserana, zvigadziri uye zvipiranhasi zvinopararira zvinowanikwa mumvura ye equatorial.

Eastern Amazonia

Chikamu chekumabvazuva chezvikomo zvakanyanya kuderera. Iyo yakareba upamhi ndeye 350 km. Iyi nharaunda inoparadzaniswa, dzimwe nguva pamusoro penzvimbo kune makriststine rocks. Maodzanyemba eAmazonian (kureba kwemamiriyoni 200 anonzi inoratidziro yehuwandu) kumabvazuva kumakamuri anokwira kusvika ku 350 m pamusoro pegungwa.

Water resources

Rwizi rwizi rune simba rukuru, rwakanyatsoiswa muvhu. Mvura iri mairi yakajeka, ikozvino inokurumidza, rapids nemvura inowanzosangana. Iyo yakasiyana yemvura zhinji yeEngoma Amazon iri mumucheka usina kujairika - iri rima bhuruu. Humic acid, iyo inogadzirwa nekuparara kwemiti, shandisai mumvuri uyu. Kuwedzera kwemvura mumipata iyi kunokonzera mvura ine mvura inowanikwa munzvimbo ino. Mukuwedzera, pamuromo wemafungu egungwa, izvo zvinokonzerawo nguva inoputika mumvura.

Mamiriro okunze eEngland Amazonia

Nharaunda yekumaodzanyemba kweAmazon iri mukati mekutengesa kwemhepo kunokonzerwa nemhepo. Ivhareji yemhepo inotonhora ndeye 25 ° C ... + 28 ° C. Humidhu yakaderera pano kupfuura kune kumavirira-80%. Ivhareji yemvura yegore negore ishomawo - 1 500-2,500 mm. Pane nguva yakaoma. Nzvimbo yenharaunda yeAsia yeAsia yakaderera ndeyekuti chikamu chekumabvazuva chinonyanya kutungamirirwa nemhepo yeAtlantic. Zvinobatsira zvikuru pakuumbwa kwemamiriro ekunze. Iko kumhepo yekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kunounza nguva yakareba yekusanaya kunharaunda. Mukubatana neizvi, maruva enharaunda yacho inochinja zvakare.

Miti uye mhuka pasi

Kusiyana nechekumadokero kwenzvimbo ine evergreen equatorial forests, iyo yekumaodzanyemba inoratidzika nekuvapo kwezvinyorwa zvinopisa uye savannas. Munharaunda kune mazamu-mazamu munzvimbo ino, pamwe chete neArmadillos, anteaters. Zvipembenene zvakawanda, endites, zviduku zviduku. Kune shiri dzakasiyana-siyana dzakasiyana-siyana munzvimbo ino. MuEngoma Amazon unogona kusangana nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzeparrots, toucans. Mumiririri muduku kudarika shiri - hummingbird - anogarawo pano.

Kudzidza zvinomera zvehara ino, unogona kuona kuti nzvimbo yakadini yenyika yeAmazonian inopinda. Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti masango anokura munharaunda ino anotorwa semusango mukuru wekutsvaga panyika. Inopfuura hafu yemasango akadaro enyika inowira mundima iyi. Dambudziko rezvakatipoteredza remunharaunda iyi uye pasi rose sekuparadza miti. Chigumisiro chakakomba chinogona kunge chiri kuwedzera kwemafuta ekupisa.

Kubudirira

Nyika yeAmazonian isango rakaoma-kusvika-kusvika kune imwe yenyika, uko pane zvisingasaruri. Nzira dzokukurukurirana pano dzinomhanya parwizi. Pamwe pamahombekombe eAmazon ingo mbiri mbiri dzeBrazil - Manus naBelen. Uye kubva kuguta guru reBrazil kusvika kuguta reBelen, mugwagwa weAsphalt unoiswa, iyo chete yenharaunda yose.

Vadzidzi vemakirasi 5-7 avo vanoda kutsanangura nzvimbo yenharaunda yeAlazonian pasika vanorayirwa kuti vashandise nyaya ino.