Chii chinonzi fetal induction? Kutsvakurudza mumunda wekuedza embryology

Embryonic induction ndiyo nzira yekukurukurirana pakati pezvikamu zvemukati, mune imwe nzvimbo inokurudzira kuguma kweimwe. Iyi pfungwa inoreva kuedza embryology.

Nyaya yacho yakazvipira kune imwe yenhau dzinokosha uye dzakaoma dzeyi sayenzi: "Chii chinonzi fetal induction chinorevei?"

A bit of history

Izvo zvinoshamisa zvekunyorwa kwekumbryonic kwakawanikwa muna 1901 nevasayendisiti vakadai veGermany saHans Spemann naHilda Mangold. Iyi nzira yakatanga kudzidza nekushandisa lens semuenzaniso kune amphibians mune emumericum. Nhoroondo yakachengetedza mienzaniso yakawanda uye miedzo pamusoro penyaya iyi, iyo inobva mumusoro weSpemann.

Hypothesis

Sezvakambotaurwa, kuburitswa kwemu embryonic ndiyo nzira yekubatana kwezvikamu zve embryo. Saka, maererano nehana, pane maverengero emasero anoshanda pane mamwe masero sevanoronga, achiita kuti kuchinja kuve kubudirira. Kuti uratidze zvakajeka izvi, masayendisiti mumakore makumi maviri emakore ekupedzisira akapfuura mazano ezvidzidzo, zvatichakurukura mune mamwe mashoko gare gare.

Kuedzwa kwaHans Spemann

Somugumisiro wekuedza kwake, Dr. Shpeman akaratidzira nguva dzose kuti kubudirira kunowanikwa mukunyanya kusimba kwemamwe nhengo kune vamwe. Kuedza kwakaitwa pamitsva. Spemann inoparadzirwa kubva kumashure kwemucheche mumwe kusvika muchidziro chemuviri kune imwe nzvimbo yemuromo weblastopore. Somugumisiro, munzvimbo yaive nhengo iyo yakashandurwa, kuumbwa kwemukomana mutsva kwakatanga. Kazhinji, utachiona hwemhutu hauna kumboumbwa pamakumbo emimba.

Kubva pane zvakaitika, chiremba akagumisa kuti pane varongiriri vanoita kuti kuve nekuwedzera kwemuviri. Zvisinei, varongeri vanogona kutanga kutanga chete kana masero ane unyanzvi. Izvi zvinorevei? Unyanzvi hunoreva kukwanisa kwemashoko ekumbryonic kushandura mugumo waro wokuzvidzivirira pasi pesimba rehutano hwakasiyana. Apo paidzidza kushamwaridzana kwekutaura mumarudzi akasiyana-siyana emakwikwi, masayendisiti akasvika pakagumisa kuti munzvimbo uye mumagariro ehutano hwezvisikwa zvakasiyana-siyana pane zvakawanda zveunhu. Ndiko kuti, varongeri vanoita kana sero iri rinokwanisa kutora inductor, asi mune zvisikwa zvose izvi kana izvi zvinotora nenzira dzakasiyana.

Ngatitangei mhedziso: kukura kwechimiro ndechekushanda, pasina kuumbwa kweimwe, hazvigoneki. Embryonic induction zvishoma nezvishoma inogadzirisa mafomu uye kusiyana kwezvikamu. Uyewo, izvi zvinoshandiswa pakuve nekuonekwa kwekuonekwa kwekunze kwevanhu vanobudirira.

Tsvakurudzo naHilda Mangold

Hans Spemann aiva nechikoro chekudzidza - Hilda Mangold. Aine kukanganisika kunoshamisa, akakwanisa kuitisa maitiro akaoma akaongororwa ne microscopic triton embryos (1.5 mm muupamhi). Achiparadzanisa chikamu chiduku chezvinyama kubva pane imwe embryo, akachiisa kune rumwe rudzi rwemucheche. Uye nokuda kwekugadzirwa, akasarudza zvikamu zvemukati, apo masero akaumbwa, kubva mairi ma embryonic sheets aizogadzira . Imbryo, ine chidimbu cheimwe embryo ichiiswa kune iyo, kubudirira yakaramba ichikudziridza. Chidimbu chakabatanidzwa chakaiswa mumuviri mutsva, wakapiwa nechemberi, musana, mimba uye musoro.

Izvo zvakakosha zvakadini izvo zvidzidzo zvaive nazvo? Mukati mavo, Mangold akaratidza kuti pane kuburitswa kwekumbryonic. Izvi zvinogoneka, nokuti nzvimbo duku ine zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, iyo yainzi mugadziri.

Mhando dzeInduction

Kune marudzi maviri: heteronomous induction uye inogadziriswa induction. Chii uye chii chakasiyana? Mhando yekutanga ndiyo nzira iyo sero inoshandiswa inomanikidzwa kuvaka zvakare kune rwiyo rwekufanana, ndiko kuti, inogadzira chigadziko chitsva. Yechipiri inotambudza kuchinja mumasero akapoteredza. Inokurudzira mashoko acho kukura nenzira imwechete.

Basic cellular processes

Kuti unyatsonzwisise, tafura inotevera inopiwa. Tinokurudzira kushandisa muenzaniso wake kuti tidzidze maitiro ezvinyorwa zvemashizha ekumbulonic induction.

Kuratidzwa kwechiitiko ichi kwakawanikwa pamatanho akasiyana-siyana ekusimbiswa kwehupenyu. Panguva ino, embryonic induction iri kunyatsodzidza.