Nzira yekubhadhara mvura pamamita. Mutengo wemvura (2014)

Mhuri kana bhajimhini yezvekambani nguva dzose inowanzobatanidza zvinhu zvakadai semari sezvinobhadhara mamita emvura. Moscow, St. Petersburg, rimwe guta revanhu vane mamiriyoni kana guta reruwa rwezvematunhu, hazvina basa - vazhinji vagari vane mabhuku. Kune huwandu hwemhando dzezvikwereti, pamwe chete nemichina yekugadzirwa kwezvinhu, izvo zvinotungamirirwa nekushanda kwezvigadzirwa izvi. Pane mavara akawanda ekuisa uye kushandura zvishandiso.

Nzira yezvematongerwo enyika yezvibatanidzwa izvi inonakidza, chokwadi pamusoro pokuti sei uye mamita emvura akaumbwa sei. Kubhadharwa kuburikidza neIndaneti yemishumo yehumba nemasangano ehurumende, kushandiswa kwemari yekubhadhara kuburikidza nekadhi rechikwereti, mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzekufambisa zvekubhadhara mari dzebasa revanhu ndezviitiko zvezuva redu ravanoziva kwatiri. Asi hazvibatsiri zvachose kutarisa muzvinyorwa zvekuonekwa kwezviyero zvakajairika mumashure emamita mune zvekare zvekare.

Izvo zviyero zviri nyore nyore kuisa. Kubva pakuona kwemurairo, vanogona kusimbiswa pachena, asi mumitambo mizhinji masangano anotarisirwa kubhadhara mafaira anoramba varidzi vezvivako zvakakwira mamita pachavo. Ndezvipi zvikonzero zvezviito izvi zvezvivakwa izvi? Uye kazhinji, zvinobatsira sei kuisa mararamiro emvura?

Counter: chii ichi chigadzirwa

Imamita inokosha inobatsira kunyatsonzwisisa kuwanda kwemvura inopedzwa nevagari veimba kana imba yemvura. Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti kutengesa kwemasangano ehurumende kunogona kuenderana maererano ne-normative kana pamusoro pekuverenga kuwanda kwemvura, chiedza kana gasi izvo zvinogamuchirwa nevatengi. Mapoka anopa varidzi vemukana mukana wekuvandudza mvura yekushandisa uye nekudaro kuchengetedza mari: mumatambudziko akawanda, zvishandiso kuverenga mazano anosungirwa kumiganhu inoita kuti kushandiswa kwepombi yemvura zvisingabatsiri kudarika kana kuchikwereta zvichienderana nekuverenga mamita.

Kuiswa kwemashonga ekugadzirisa mvura kunonyanya kubatsira kana imba yacho yakatemerwa vanhu vakawanda. Mutemo munyaya ino uchawedzerwa nenhamba yavo. Kunyange kana munhu anyoresa asingararami pane nzvimbo inorarama, kubhadhara kwemvura kuchakanganiswa.

Mukuwedzera, mutemo unogona kusanganisira huwandu hwemashumiro ehurumende, hukuru pane huwandu hwevanhu vanogara. Inowanzoita mari yakawanda-inoshanda kubhadhara mvura nemamita.

Kushandiswa kwechigadzirwa chakadaro kunosanganisira mazita mashoma. Kutanga, kutora kweuchapupu kubva kumabhuku, pamwe nekuvaendesa kumusha uye kubasa revanhu, varidzi veimba vanofanira kuita basa ravo pachavo. Chechipiri, hazvibvumirwi kuita shanduko dzekugadzira muzviratidzo. Chechitatu, zvakakosha kuendesa nhamba kubva kumamita nenguva: kana izvi zvisati zvaitwa, kambani yebasa ine kodzero yekubhadhara chiyero chemvura maererano nezvakataurwa (uye izvi zvingava zvisina maturo). Zvigadziri zvemabhadharo kumakamuri zvinoiswa, sekutonga, zviviri: reta yemvura inopisa uye chigadzirwa chakafanana chechando. Chimwe chinhu chinogona kunge chiri chisarudzo apo imba inopisa mvura. Munyaya iyi, chete kubhadhara kwemvura inotonhora kunoitika - pamamita kana kunze.

Nhoroondo yechitarisiko chemamita emvura

Pano pane ruzivo rwezvakaitika kare izvo chiito chekutanga chekuyerera mvura chakaonekwa kare muMiddle Ages. Mune zvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvinotaurwa kuti mamiri eimwe yematunhu eLombardy akatengesa mvura yakawandisa inoshandiswa yekudiridza mhuka. Kuyera mamita ayo, mvura mamita yakashandiswa nenzira yezvivako zvine gomba masendimita mashomanana, kuburikidza nazvo kune imwe nguva yenguva uye pamusoro unogara uripo wakayerera imwe yemvura yaMilanese.

Mune fomu yakawanda kana iri shoma yemazuva ano, kambani yemvura yakaonekwa muzana ramakore rechi19, nekuda kwezvaiitwa nemuumbi weGermany Karl Wilhelm Siemens. Chigadzirwa chacho chaiva magetsi. Akashanda semvura yemvura mune zviduku. Ikoko kwakanga kune doro mukati maro - chinhu chinobvumira mvura kuti iyerere pamakumbo uye kutamisa kushanduka kune kuverenga, uye kuisa. Mumakore mashomanana, chigadzirwa chakagadzirwa nemasayendisiti chakakurumbira muGermany, uye mushure mechinguva kuchinja kwake kwakauya kuRussia.

Mvura inopisa inopisa zvinhu

Kugovera mvura inopisa muRussia inogona kuitwa nenzira mbiri. Yokutanga iri kuburikidza nezvinonzi "mvura yakavharidzirwa". Mari iyo inotarirwa nekambani yekupa, inobva pakufananidzwa kwebhadharo. Sezvimwe zvekare, pane maitiro "akazaruka": mavari mari yekubhiti mita yemvura kune mutengi ane zvikamu zviviri: mutengo wemvura inotonhorera uye zvinyorwa zveiyo inonzi moto inotakura.

Nekuremekedza chirongwa ichi chekubhadhara mumaguta akasiyana enyika, mitemo inogona kunge yakasiyana zvikuru. Asi mune zvakawanda zvinowanikwa pfungwa iyo inofungidzirwa kuti mitengo yemvura inopisa mumasangano akazaruka inonyanya kudarika pane yakavharwa. Saka kushandiswa kwemabhuku mukati mavo kunonyanya kukosha uye kunowedzera kukubvumira kuchengetedza.

Mutero wemvura inopisa muMoscow

Ngationei kuti chii chiri kuwanikwa kwemazuva ano emhando zhinji yemvura - inopisa - apo uchishandisa mabhuku eMoscow vagari vegore muna 2014 (semuenzaniso, zvinyorwa zvinogamuchirwa naMoEK). Tora chisarudzo chemasangano akavharwa. Mutengo kune vagari vomuguta guru (vanhu) - 126.93 mabhesi pamubhiti rimwechete yemamita echitonhorera pamberi peJuly 1, 2014 uye 127.57 zvinyorwa zvemari yeRussia - mushure mekunge. Kune mitsara inoti mitengo kubva munaNovember ichasvika ku 135.79 rubles pamakiromita emakiromita. Panguva imwe chete, kune rubatsiro - kubva munaJuly 1 kusvika kuNovember 1 ichava 21.05 rubles.

Iyo mitemo yekugadzirisa mutengo wemvura inotonhora

Iko yakaderera ndeyekuti mutengi ashandisa mvura inotonhora. Inoshandiswa kuwanda kwenhamba yemhuri inoda. Kubva pazvinhu zvipi zvinotengeswa nemvura yechando muRussia yakaumbwa? Chokutanga pane zvose, iyi ndiyo mutengo wemari yekuwana kwayo. Mvura isati yasvika pombi, inoyerera mumvura yepombi, uye kunyange yapfuura inopfuura matanho ekunatswa kwakaoma zvikuru mushure mekunge yagamuchirwa kubva kurwizi kana gungwa.

Zvakakosha kuziva kuti kuburitsa kwemvura inotonhora, maererano nemitemo yeRussia, haisi bhizinesi (pasinei nokuti mamwe makambani emvura makasheni dzimwe nguva ari masangano ega ega), uye mitero yekupedzisira yevatengi inoumbwa pamatunhu emaguta (uye pane dzimwe nguva Masangano ehurumende anobatana neizvi). Mutengo unodhura, kuwedzera kune zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi, unosanganisira kubhadhara mari yevashandi kune vashandi ve hydro-canals, kuderedza mari, magetsi uye zvimwe zvinoshandiswa. Kuzvidavirira kwekubhadhara kwemvura inotonhorera nguva dzose inowedzera kuwandisa kwemvura.

Mvura inotonhorera muMoscow inodhura zvakadini?

Ngationei zvakakonzerwa mumitengo yegore ra2014 yemvura inotonhorera mumukuru weRussia pamusoro pemitengo yakatarwa neOAO Mosvodokanal. Muna 2014, kune nguva mbiri umo mararamiro akasiyana-siyana aripo - kusvikira muna 1 na1 shure. Muhafu yekutanga yemvura inotonhora inodhura Muscovites 28 rubles 40 kopecks makiromita (pamwe ne20.15 yekudzikisa mvura). Kubva munaNovember 1, mutengo uchakura zvikuru. Kwemita mita imwe yemvura inotonhora, vagari vemuguta racho vachabhadhara 29 rubles 19 kopecks (uye nokuda kwemvura - 20.69). Zvakakosha kuzive kuti izvi zvinotengeswa hazviverengi basa rinogona kuitwa, mabhenji anotora kana kuverengwa kwemamita kuri kubhadhara nekuda kwevatengesi.

Mvura inotonhorera kune dzimwe nyika inodhura zvakadini?

Chidzidzo chekambani yakakura yekuRussia yakashambadzira yakaratidza kuti mishonga yeMoscow yemvura inotonhora haisi iyo inodhura zvikuru, asi kwete inodhura zvikuru munyika. Kufananidza: vagari vemamwe maguta eDanish vanomanikidzwa kubhadhara 1 cubic mita yemvura pamusoro pe $ 10 (nekurasa mvura). Panguva imwe chete, vagari veTurkmenistan vanogona kuita pasina mvura zvachose, kunze kwekuti inopedzwa kwete mairi 250 litres pazuva. Pakati penyika dzine mvura inodhura zvikuru - Belgium, Norway, Germany (kune matengo - anenge madhora 6-7 pamubhiti rimwe chete, kusanganisira kucheneswa). Mvura yakadzika muIndonesia, Saudi Arabia, Cuba. A mita yekubhiti inokosha mashoma mashoma.

Ndingabhadhara sei mvura

Chengetedza mvura nezvimwe zvinoshandiswa (sekutonga, zvikwereti zvose zvinowanikwa mune rimwe risiti kubva HOA kana kambani yekutungamirira) zvinogona kuva nenzira dzakawanda. Pakati pemitambo - rwendo kuenda kubhangi uye kubhadhara "muhwindo" kune cashier. Pane mukana wekuita zvakafanana, uchishandisa mabhizimisi emabhangi (kana zvichidiwa, mutariri wekambani yekwereti achabatsira kuita izvi). Imwe nzira ndeyokushandisa analogo yemashandisirwo aya kubva kune dzimwe nzira dzekubhadhara (QIWI, "City" system, nezvimwewo). Zvose izvi zvingasarudzwa nekuda kwekushaiwa kwechikwata. Zvisinei, haasi maitiro ose mu database yevateresi vanobhadhara vane HOA inofanirwa kana kambani yekutungamirira - ichi chinoita kuti vakawanda veRussia vabhadharwe nenzira idzi.

Vanhu vazhinji veRussia vanonzwa vakasununguka kuona nzira itsva iyo inobvumira mvura kuti ibhadharwe nemabhuku, pamwe chete nezvimwe zvinoshandiswa - mabhengi epaIndaneti. Ichokwadi, inofanirwa kuve yakabatana mune imwe nzira uye inokwanisa kushandisa zvakanaka chigadzirwa ichi. Chimwe chezvibvumirano zvisingafungidziki zveyi nzira ndeyokuti mu database yebhangi pane mikana yakawanda yokuti chero HOA kana CC yeguta ichawanikwa. Unyanzvi ndohwechokwadi kuti yese risiti yakachengetedzwa pamagetsi. Pamwe neinternet banking, mabheji emagetsi ebhadharo (iyo imwechete QIWI, "Yandex.Money", nezvimwewo) inowanzoshandiswa. Asi ivo vanoratidzirwa nekukanganisa kunowanikwa mumitambo yekubhadhara. Kunewo mamwe mazano emhando yepamutambo inobvumidza iwe kubhadharira mvura nezvikwereti, pamwe nemamwe mabasa akawanda neVISA kana MasterCard.

Nuances of installation

Kuiswa kwekambani hakudi kuunza kune vimba. Izvi zvinofanira kushandiswa neyanyanzvi. Unogona kuvatsva nekusangana nekambani yevashandi vekumba kana sangano iro basa guru rinoisa mamita. Ikoti, yakakosha yekugadzirisa kwakakwana kwemamita emvura, kazhinji inosanganisira zvinotevera mapuranga. Iyi ibheji yemabhavha ebhete ane thread (panze, mukati), mafuta maviri emvura okuchenesa, chaizvoizvo mvura inopisa yemamita uye analogo yayo yechando. Iwe unoda zvakare maviri anonzi chevhavhavha (haabvumi kuti mabhadhare adzokezve). Mushure mokuisa mamita pamapipu vanofanira kuuya vadzidzisi kubva kumuganhu wemvura. Vanopfeka mucherechedzo wekunyoresa maikirwo, nokudaro vanyoresa kushandiswa kwavo.

Chido chekushandira kune vanyori inokonzerwa muchikamu chikuru chekuti paunenge uchiisa mamita, dzimwe nguva unofanirwa kubvisa zvishoma zvimwe zvirongwa zvehurumende zvine chokuita nedzimwe dzimba. Kutanga nenguva yekururamisa kuvhiringidza kune vavakidzani uye kuguma nekudziviswa kwakarurama kwehurongwa huri mubvunzo, unyanzvi ane ruzivo achave nani kukwanisa kuisa mamita.

Nuances of replacement

Mamiriyoni emvura, seimwe nzira ipi zvayo, inogona kukundikana nokuda kwezvikonzero zvakawanda. Ichada kuchinjwa. Hazvibvumirwi kuita izvi iwe pachako, sezvinenge pane nyaya yekuiswa. Pane zviitiko apo muridzi weimba yacho akaita zvose zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira zvisina maturo, asi muGorvodokanal akarambidzwa kusungira zvigadzirwa, achitaura nezvekusaita unyanzvi.

Zvisinei, kana muridzi weimba yacho ane chido chekugadzirisa nzvimbo yemamera ari oga, zvino anofanira kufunga nezvemashure aya anotevera. Kutanga, pane museve pamamita emvura imwe neimwe - inofanira kufanana nekutungamira kwemvura inoyerera. Chechipiri, kambani inofanira kuiswa kuitira kuti kureba pakati payo neyokumuka isati iri pasi pemakumi matatu 30. Chechitatu, kuiswa kwechigadzirwa kunofanira kuiswa kuitira kuti kuverenga kuonekwe zvakajeka. Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti kubhadhara kwemvura inopisa yemamita (seyo inogadzirwa mari inonyanya kuwanda yehumba nemasangano ehurumende) inoda kuendeswa kwemashoko akakwana zvakanyanya kuvashambadziri. Kudzokorora kwezviratidzo zvisina kururama, dzimwe dzimba uye masangano evanhu vanoramba.

Chii chichaitika kana iwe usina kuisa kero

Kubhadharwa kwemvura pasina chikamu, chokwadi, zvinobvira. Inenge ichiri kuitwa nevakawanda zvikuru vashandi pane zvinoenderana nemitemo. Asi vanhu vokuRussia vari kunetseka pamusoro pemubvunzo wezvichaitika kana mabhuku asina kuiswa zvachose. Maererano nedzimwe nyanzvi, mutemo haugone kupa mhinduro yakajeka mubvunzo uyu. Kune rumwe rutivi, Federal Law No. 261 "On Energy Saving" inosungirwa vadzidzisi veimba kuti vatange kuripa mvura nemamita pamberi paJuly 1, 2012. Asi panguva imwecheteyo, hapana nzira dzekutungamirirwa kune vadzidzisi vezvivako zvekugara, izvo mamita asina kuisa panguva ino, sezvinonzi nyanzvi dzinoti, mutongi haana kutora.

Panguva imwecheteyo, pane mitemo yemitemo iripo, kubva musi waJanuary 1, 2015, mune iyo dzimba dzinogona kunyanya kuisa mamita, asi izvi hazvina kuitwa, mvura inoshandiswa inoshandiswa ichawedzerwa neyongowedzera. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mutengo wekubhadhara mvura pamamita ichave yakanyanya kuve yakakosha kudarika kuverengwa kwemaitiro.