Uilyam Batler Yeyts: Biography uye mabasa

Uilyam Batler Yeyts Unonzi kupfuura Chirungu-mutauro mudetembi mukupera XIX - mangwanani XX emakore, akaita zvakawanda zvokuchinja wokufananidzira manyorerwo, uyewo mumwe munyori wemitambo, munyori wenyaya uye novelist. The pamazita mabhuku ndakarumbidzwa Hemingway kuti rokumanikidzirwa kuverenga vaduku vanyori, rave kutaurwa uye "Autobiography" Yeats. nhetembo yake akabhadhara inozvikudza nzeve vaturikiri. Kwete chete kuva nyanduri, akazvisiyanisa Uilyam Batler Yeyts. nhetembo yake zvechokwadi zvinokosha chaizvo, zvisinei, Uilyam Batler anonziwo mumwe munyori wemitambo. Concept Mutambo Yeats akanga zvakasimba TS Eliot, Paaiita basa baba ake se "chinhu chinokosha ichi mweya remakore."

Origin, vechidiki uye kunyanya vechiduku nounyanzvi

Tiri kuziva munzvimbo Chirungu-mutauro nyanduri akaberekwa guru Ireland, mumhuri yakakurumbira rokupenda, vaiva Pre-Raphaelite chikoro (uko, sezvinei, vaiva pedyo zvikuru, uye mhuri Kipling raMwari). Haana kuwana sei dzakatsarukana wevakadzidza dzidzo ipi, asi vazhinji vakashanda vakazvimiririra. Early chido mabhuku.

Ndima yokutanga anozivikanwa zvikuru kukanganiswa Shelley uye Spencer. Akatanga kuanyora shure muna 1882, uye bhuku rokutanga raiva 1885. Zvadaro, muna 1885, William chaibatanidzwa sangano iri muDublin alchemical muvanhu achishanda zvemashiripiti. Kufarira kwavari achagara mudetembi achiri mupenyu.

William yakatanga kubudiswa muna makore 20, uye pashure 4 Makore akabudiswa bhuku rokutanga nhetembo. Vakakwira pamusoro pfungwa Pre-Raphaelite jaya, iye akati, akanga "Tsoko ruvengo" akatarira rationalism uye kushanda dzazvino. Zvairatidzika kwaari kuti nhetembo akarova wokurashika ichi, akatsvaka utiziro okufananidzira, tichifunga kuti mufananidzo runako, kuvanzwa yedu maonero, hazvibviri recreate vamwe pane kushandisa kushandisa zviratidzo. Asi kunyange ipapo Yeats akarayira kuti iwe hausi chete mupfungwa kukanganisa muverengi, asi simba tsika.

dzidzo basa

Mauto zhinji akapa nyanduri ngavasununguke. Muna 1891 akaronga muLondon Irish mabhuku Society, pashure National Union of Irish muna muDublin, vaiitawo vachishingaira mubasa iri Society of vadetembi, akatarisira kukurudzira Irish ngano. Mumwe pamabasa ake aiva kusikwa ainzi Gaelic League - Public Union ndehwokuti kuva Irish National tsika, kumutsidzirwa mutauro rwaamai uye yezwi mabhuku, yakavakirwa tsika dzenyika.

Irish vanhu vane nhoroondo yakaoma. "Green Island" yakazadzwa nevakabva maererano nemadzinza Celtic mu IV remakore BC. Munguva dzazvino, ari XII remakore, Ireland auya pasi pasimba England. Chete muna 1921 iye akagamuchira nesimba chinzvimbo, uye muna 1949 - rusununguko. Northern Ireland, anowanzonzi Ulster, vakasara British. Kutonga Foreign aiva noutsinye, mitemo haana kubvumira Irish kushandisa rurimi rwaamai pasi marwadzo rufu. Pakazosvika pakati pezana remakore rapfuura, kutamburira pachavo tsika dzavo uye mutauro zvava kuoma vakawanda kuenda kumwe; Zvino Irish Kunze anogara sezviri kuIreland. Kuwanda vanoshandisa mutauro waamai kwakatanga kuderera. Kunyange iye zvino, kana kuti mamiriro ezvinhu zano, wokuIreland akati isingasviki kota vagari.

"The Irish mabhuku kumutsidzirwa"

Pakurwisana kuderera mutsika uye sangano akaisa pacharo basa racho, "wokuIreland mabhuku rumutsiriro", umo maiva Gaelic League uye kutanga iyo chokuita pakabudiswa 1893 nhetembo muunganidzwa, rakanyorwa Uilyam Yeyts ( "Celtic Twilight"). Sangano haana kutora nayo chinangwa uzkoyazykovym nematambudziko, uye vazhinji vavo, kusanganisira William, zvakanyorwa Chirungu. "Gaelic - rudzi rwangu, asi kwete mutauro waamai," - akati Uilyam Batler Yeyts. Anoitora inowanzoshandiswa kusimudzira sangano iri. Dambudziko "ari Irish mabhuku rumutsiriro" aida - kumutsa National mweya, chengeta chevarwere tsika, kudzivirira rusununguko tsika munyika.

Pakusikwa Irish mabhuku Theater

Sezvo chikamu inofamba Uilyam Batler Yeyts nheyo muna 1899 maererano Irish mabhuku Theater muna muDublin uye aiva mukuru wayo akapotsa afa anenge makore 40. On repertoire nokuda yemitambo ake, akashanda pachake, achitaura kazhinji nyaya National yakakura uye chizvarwa nhoroondo. Pano, Yates aiva guru innovator. Akakwanisa kusika chairoiro yokuti "wokufananidzira yemitambo", iyo zvinyorwa zvokupikisa ari kutonga pakati naturalism.

upenyu Personal uye nhetembo nezverudo

In nhetembo, rwakazokura chikuru rakapihwa Yeats, iyewo nguva dzose takarinda. basa rake mangwanani Yakabva mungano uye zvinogara pfungwa "runako kusingaperi". Chokwadi zvakaoma zvakabata nyanduri. A mhando anosuwisa ruvara ari nhetembo kuti Yeats vakauya rudo. Ndava nemakore 24, iye akasangana wechiduku runako Maud Goni, imwe mutambi uye echimurenga, uye kwemakore akawanda akanga vaneshungu nemanzwiro ake kuti kuramba batana. Chete makore 52, nokuti nguva chechina kubva Maud kukundikana kubatanidza upenyu hwavo, akatanga mhuri Uilyam Batler Yeyts. "Anoda kuti yokudenga jasi ..." - ndiro zita rimwe nhetembo dzake chokuita norudo mashoko. Nenzira, mitsetse kurira pakutanga firimu "zvakanyatsoenzana". Vakawanda havazivi kuti munyori wavo - Uilyam Batler Yeyts. "Asi ini, ari murombo, zviroto dzangu chete," - anoti lyrical gamba iri nhetembo, vachiungudza kuti rukoniwe wakatandavarira patsoka anodiwa "sirika vokudenga."

Confessional nedzevanhu nhetembo

Nokufamba kwenguva, mabasa Yeats delineated kutsemuka. "Eternal Beauty", detembo pamusoro rudo - izvi zvose zviri zvishoma kutsakatika. Kutanga 'basa "zvipo (1914), Uilyam Batler kuwedzera kuzvifarira confessional nedzevanhu nhetembo. dzakaunganidzwa nhetembo kubudisa kuoma munzanga mhepo. Mugore nokusingaperi-kunetseka Catholic Ireland kopilos kusagutsikana pamwe pakudzorwa of Protestant England. Kugadzirisa dambudziko iri muDublin yemuna muna 1916. Ireland akataura pacharwo zvokuvhoterwa, asi vapanduki rwakatora mazuva mashanu chete. Uilyam Batler Yeyts panguva ino muLondon, uye zviitiko zvaiva kushamisika wakakwana kwaari, asi vakasiya dzakadzama zvakakanganwika mupfungwa dzake.

Zvakatora zvinorwadza reappraisal kare. Panzvimbo hwakakanyiwa zvitendwa mungano Yeats basa rinosanganisira nhoroondo nyika ine magamba ayo chaiko. The reropa chokwadi pamusoro yemuna, iyo vakati 450 upenyu, rufu vatungamiriri vayo zvakatungamirira mudetembi kuti ugone kutobaya vakakwirira, mutsva Tarisa vanhu.

The inosuruvarisa Matauriro nhetembo

Life haana kupa rutsigiro zvakasimba kuti Vanotsvangadzira. Kwakatevedzana remagandanga hondo pamwe British nechisimba vaimutswa Yates zvinovava mwoyo. Akanga akurire kutya kwake necheni maitiro ruvengo nechisimba. The inosuruvarisa Matauriro cho vakawanda nhetembo iyi kumwedzi. Asi, chokwadi, isu takasangana mu mashoko orwiyo Yeats uye vachifara chords or the. Muenzaniso - the nhetembo "The Fiddler pamusoro Dunii".

nyanduri kutendeseka

Yeats nhetembo akanakidzwa kwazvo pamutemo. Kunenge hazvina zvakakodzera kutsvaka gudziramukanwa ari nzira iri Swedish Academy, iro rakati kuti basa rake "anopa mashoko kune musimboti rwose rwomudzimu." The simba Nyanduri kukuru. Kubva muna 1922 kusvika 1928, Yates - nhengo Irish museneti, mumwe vakuru vatatu kuti kurayira Hurumende panyaya yedzidzo, mabhuku uye nounyanzvi. Kutaura kwake akakurukurirana vakabatsira kuti richengetedzwe National Monuments zhinji. Zvisinei, vakawanda kuedza kupindira mutemo haana kupa mhinduro, uye akaramba honorary rokuremekedza.

Seneti kutaura

Yeats Seneti kutaura kupa uchapupu kuongororwa ake basa tsika munzanga. Mune mumwe wavo akati kuti akanga asina tariro kuona yakabatana Ireland, ona accession pamusoro Ulster; asi iye anogutsikana kuti pakupedzisira zvichaitika, uye kwete nokuti Irish achakurwirai, asi nekuti vane kudzora nyika yavo zvakanaka. Uilyam Batler Yeyts akati kuti izvi zvinogona kuitwa paakasika tsika kuti huchamiririra nyika yangu uye iro kukwezva mupfungwa vechidiki.

The okupedzisira ezana upenyu uye basa

Mumakore gumi okupedzisira ezana hwake, sokuti, ikatanga chinyararire. Great yetsika uye zvinhu rutsigiro aiva Nobel Prize, yaakanga apiwa muna 1923. Nyanduri zvakare uzere pakunamata uye mumuviri simba pedyo akwegura pakati anotaura yakanyarara zvinosetsa. Asi ichi ndicho chete chokunze wakadzikama, upenyu nyanduri pakunamata achiri izere nokutambura. In ake kuderera makore ose vairemekedza munyori, achitarisa shure panguva yakapfuura, ndichifunga nezveramangwana, zvibvunze rimwe kukanganisa vamwe. In basa rake pane matsva shinda vakarangana pfungwa itsva, kuchinja enhetembo unyanzvi. Saka sei nguva dzose rinoramba pachayo. Search Status haasiyi kusvikira pakuguma.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti ndima chokuita mukupera nguva basa rake, vane somunhu hunhu kupfuura mabasa adarika. Kunyanya avaiita vana William Yeats rinotaura pfungwa pamusoro wake zvokukwegura.

Okupedzisira namashanu hwake Yeats akanga azivikanwa mudetembi National Irish. Akanga kazhinji achirwara, asi akaramba kuita. Mumakore gumi okupedzisira ezana hwake zvaakasika mabasa akacherekedza ane unyanzvi hunoshamisa, mumwe chido chikuru uye fungidziro. Pakati pavo tinofanira kutaura kuunganidza akadai "The Tower" (1928) uye "Spiral manera", akasikwa 1933.

Mudetembi akafa pamusoro French riviéra, mutaundi Cap-Martin, 28 January 1939. Rufu akauya pashure perimwe chirwere. Maererano kuda Yeats, iyo akasarudzwa yake wokufananidzira kuda, muna 1948, ake zvisaririra vakanga reburied kuIreland.

Gakava pamusoro pemunhu nebasa nyanduri

Chimbichimbi kuchinja vane maitiro Yeats, yokudhirowa yose-gore 60 anenge basa. Kazhinji akaramba kubudirira, kuchinja, uye zvakasiyana basa rake. Zvakaita upenyu uye mabhuku Biography pamusoro Yeats zvakare dzinopesana. All ake upenyu aifarira usingaonekwi dzidziso. Izvi zvinooneka mubasa rake. Zvikurukuru, mweya wamasvikiro anonakidzwa Uilyam Yeyts. "Vision" - yakabudiswa muna 1925. Bhuku, umo achidudzira mupfungwa uye nhoroondo nguva kubva achitandadza zvitendwa. Pane imwe nguva, Uilyam Batler kunyange kutenda yekare yechiFascist demagogy.

Saka, kutongwa kuvatsoropodzi ake zvinzvimbo ouzivi kazhinji wezvikamu siya mumwe: Yeats vanomiririra echimurenga, ari reactionary, ari traditionalist, iyo modernist. Kutongwa vanotsigirwa nezvakanyorwa kuti nyaya, mashoko, enhetembo pemitsara. Gakava pamusoro pemunhu nebasa William Butler Yeats akava tsika. Chimwe chinhu chiri pachena - aiva munhu nguva dzose kuedza akananga itsva yomudzimu masangano. Uye pfuma iyi yakafuridzirwa kuti kusika itsva chimiro uye zviri nhetembo, rwakazokura chinokosha mutsika ano.