Mudetembi French Stéphane Mallarmé: Biography, okugadzira zvinhu, Photo

Stéphane Mallarme - nyanduri kunoshamisa uye munyori pakutanga kubva kuFrance, uyo akararama muzana remakore rechi19. Ndiye musoro chikoro symbolist. Unoziva chii chimwe anozivikanwa Stéphane Mallarme? Short Biography munyaya iyi kuchaita kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezvazvo.

Mavambo, nguva yokudzidza

Nyanduri ramangwana akaberekwa muna Paris musi March 18, 1842. baba vake aiva Numa Mallarme, uyo akashanda ari Office kuti Property Affairs. Apo Stephen aiva 5 makore akarasikirwa naamai vake, akabva atora kuti dzidzo nevabereki vake. Stéphane Mallarmé aiva mwana ainzwisisa. Akadzidza kutanga panguva chebhodho chikoro chechitendero, riri Auteuil (muna 1853), uye ipapo, kubvira 1853, akapinda yakakwirira Saens chikoro. Education mukupera akava zvinorwadza nokuda nyanduri. Akava kunyange akasimba pfungwa kusurukirwa kwake mushure 1857 rufu hanzvadzi yake-makore 13 okuberekwa, Maria. Bachelor kuti dhigirii Mallarme akagamuchira muna 1860. baba vake vaida kuva mupurisa Stefan, asi Mallarmé akasiya ichi basa. Kunyange ipapo, akanzwa aizova nyanduri.

Zviviri eupenyu Mallarme

Kwemwedzi inoverengeka muna 1862, Stefan akanga muLondon. Pano iye rukwane Chirungu chake. Kudzokera France muna 1863, akava mudzidzisi Chirungu panguva lycee Tournon. upenyu kwaStefani kubva panguva iyoyo, sezvo vakanga muzvikamu zviviri. Akamanikidzwa kudzidzisa nokuda nemari duku, kuti variritire mhuri - kutanga Tournon, ipapo MuBesançon, muna Avignon (kusvikira 1871), Paris (muna 1894) (1866-67 gg.). Mhiri hwake hwaiva nhetembo.

mabasa kutanga, kujairirana chikoro Parnassian

Nokuti nguva 1862-64 gg. Youth muri Ndima munyori wokutanga. Vanogona kuona kukanganiswa Edgar Allan Poe uye Charles Baudelaire. Muna 1864, Stéphane Mallarmé akasangana Kautllom Mendes, Frederic Mistral, MV Nebhuzaradhani of Lille. Zvinozivikanwa kuti akava kufarira nhetembo Parnassian chikoro muvambi Theophile Gautier uye akatanga kunyora mabasa mumweya wake.

Nokukurumidza, muna 1865, akabudisa nhetembo yake yaiva nomusoro unoti "Afternoon ane Faun." Mallarme akapa basa iri mudare T. of Banville, uyo aiva mumwe vatungamiri chikoro Parnassian. detembo Uyu nyama uye rakanatswa eclogite. Vechihedheni mufaro woupenyu hwakazara basa rose.

Parnasskii nguva okugadzira zvinhu

May 12, 1866 akabata bhuku rokutanga Mallarmé (10 nhetembo dzinobudiswa "Contemporary Parnassus"). Izvi zvaireva kuti Parnassians iye aiziva. Zvino makore kutsvaka nzira itsva kutaura ake enhetembo unhu (1868-73). Mallarme pakupera pakati 1860s, akanyora tarenda nyaya, yaakakudanirai "Igitur, kana Elbenona Upengo". Zvisinei, zvakanga chete rakabudiswa muna 1926. Uyezve, akaisa kushanda pazuva "Herodhiyasi", nomutambo mundima. basa iri, zvinosuwisa, yakasiyiwa konekwa. Chidimbu yakabudiswa muna 1871 rechipiri shanduro rinonzi "Modern Parnassus."

Mallarmé - dzakaora, mabasa matsva

Pakutanga 1870 Mallarme vaparadzana parnassians uye nokugadzira decadents. Muna 1872 akanyora "Funeral tositi", yakatsaurirwa rufu T. Gautier. basa iri chakaratidza yezwi poetics itsva Stefan. Kujairirana Rimbaud rinoreva 1872 pamwe Manet - ne 1873, pamwe Emile Zola - kusvika 1874. Stéphane Mallarmé akatanga pamwe chete magazini inonzi "Artistic uye mabhuku rumutsiriro." Pano, muna 1874, Stephen akabudisa shanduro munhetembo Poe kuti "The Raven". Mifananidzo nokuti kuzadzika Manet. Mallarme zvakare collaborated ne "Magazine kwenyika itsva." Pano akabudisa nyaya uye essays. Publisher A. Lemerra muna 1874 vakaramba kubvuma bhuku rimwe basa Mallarmé kuti "Afternoon ane Faun." Chete muna 1876 rakadhindwa. Zvegore, mudetembi akanyora sonnet yakanzi "neguva Edgar Allan Poe." Neinotevera, 1877, paiva bhuku chikoro, munyori iyo - Mallarmé. Rainzi "The Chirungu rokuti". Tutorial pamusoro mungano yakabudiswa muna 1880 ( "Gods Ancient"). It ingangova yakatorwa bhuku Du Cox.

"Mamwe mabhuku Chipiri" Mukurumbira

Malarme akatanga kuronga pachake "chaiko Chipiri" dzavo 1880. Vakanga vari mufurati rake, riri pamusoro Roman mumugwagwa. The "chaiko Chipiri" vaiitawo Saint-Paul Roux, Gyustav Kan, Pol Klodel, Anri De Regnier, Andre Zhid, Pol Valeri uye Per Luis. mudetembi French Stéphane Mallarmé pakuzivikanwa mumabhuku yeChina. Izvi zvakakurudzira vakawanda P. Verlaine, iro rakava iye anonzi "vadetembi akatukwa" (1884 Verlaine akanyora rondedzero vanoda). Kwakaitawo kuti vakawanda Mallarme J.-C. Huysmans. In nganonyorwa yake, yaiva nomusoro waiti "Pane kudaro,", akasikwa 1884, munyori uyu aiva hwakadzama kuongorora vokutanga nhetembo pakati Stefan muromo Des Essent, ayo protagonist.

Mallarmé - musoro Symbolists

Pakazosvika makore 80s remakore rechi19 Mallarmé kwainzi mutungamiriri pakati dzakaora vadetembi, uyo muna 1886 akatanga kushevedzera pachavo "Symbolists". muunganidzwa wake waiti "Poems Stefana Mallarme" akazviratidza muna 1887, uye inotevera - shanduro nhetembo akasikwa Poe. Panguva iyoyowo, pamwe "rima" symbolist nhetembo, Stéphane nokusika diki mavhoriyumu uye nyore nhetembo pazviitiko siyana. Vakanga rakabudiswa chete muna 1920 ( "pachiitiko Poetry").

Pamakore okupedzisira oupenyu hwake

Muna 1894, tiri kufarira munyori zvakabudisa muunganidzwa nhetembo ari prose uye nhetembo. Akabva asiya basa, kusarudza kupedzera hwake nhetembo. Mallarme akaronga kusika munhu akakwana, bhuku nokudenga, umo yakasiyana uye misoro tsananguro kwenyika yaizova kupiwa. Pakafa Verlaine, iyo yakaitika muna 1896, Stephen akasarudzwa "Muchinda Poets". Bhuku rake experimental nhetembo vanoda "Luck haana ubvise nyaya" rinoreva 1897. The chigadzirwa chimiro chimwe refu mutongo, hapana nyora. It yakadhindwa pamatanho, pamwe Fonts vaishandisa inosiyana. Nhetembo raiiswa pamusoro-papeji maviri kupararira. Zvadaro, muna 1897, Mallarme yakabudisa nyaya ( "Music uye Literature", "The dambudziko nhetembo" uye vamwe.). zita ravo zvakafanana - "musoro". Mumabasa aya, munyori akapa pfungwa yake kuti mabhuku kusangana kuderera kuti kunodiwa kudzorera unoriumba kukosha dzvene. Mallarme Stefan, Biography uye ane basa anoramba akakodzera, akafa musi waSeptember 9, 1898 kuParis. The chikuru Chikamu magwaro ake uye matsamba dzakabudiswa chete pashure pokufa kwake.

Zvichireva zvisikwa uye zvinhu Mallarm

Zvinofanira akati kuti nyanduri Stéphane Mallarme, ane mapikicha uchaona munyaya ino akaonekwa mumabhuku French panguva zvakava pachena kudiwa itsva wokufananidzira siyana uye kuneta kare. Akatungamirira kufamba kwokufananidzira umo mafungiro matsva zvinoyevedza akatora chimiro dzidziso, izvo akaita kuti vashandure mutauro nhetembo uye rwakagadzirira nzira mabhuku ano muFrance.

Mallarme akanyatsosiyana rethought mubvunzo nezvechinangwa nhetembo. Aidavira kuti rirege kudzidzisa kana kutsanangura. Zvinofanira kuva chinhu superreality. Maererano Mallarmé, nhetembo - ndiko kutapurirana zvinorehwa akavanzika achishandisa mutauro wevanhu. It anokupa upenyu hwedu zvechokwadi. Mudetembi ndiyo murevereri pakati vanhu nyika uye zvakavanzika vasungwa zvose. Inogona kusimudza pechidzitiro Anovanzira transcendental, nokushandisa mashoko, zviratidzo. Zviri kwavari wafungidzira akasiyana chaichoicho, iyo saka aida kutipa Stéphane Mallarmé. okugadzira zvinhu ake anoratidza kuti akabudirira.