Non-nesimbi - ndiko kuti ...? ehupfumi vasiri simbi

Non-nesimbi - ndivo zvinhu yakasiyana mumuviri uye namakemikari zvivako zviri simbi. Muudzame chikonzero kusawirirana kwavo kugona chete panguva pakuguma XIX remakore, pashure kuwanikwa electronic nemamiriro atomu. Chii saka chinokosha pamusoro nevasiri nesimbi? Kuva neunhu yo zuva? Ngatimbotaurei zvazviri.

Non-nesimbi - chii ichi?

Tinosvika kuna weboka okunze kupinda nesimbi uye vasiri simbi kare aripo munharaunda sayenzi. Boka rokutanga periodic table inowanzopiwa anotaurwa maatomu akafanana 94. Nonmetals vanosanganisira Mendeleev maatomu akafanana 22. The Periodic Hurongwa anogara rokumusoro zvakanaka wekona.

The vakasununguka chimiro vasiri nesimbi - inyaya nyore, chikuru aizoonekawo pasina maitiro esimbi ehupfumi. Vanogona kuva chero ezvinhu aggregation. Saka, ayodhini, phosphorus, sarufa, carbon anowanikwa muchimiro nezvishoma. Gaseous mamiriro hunhu reokisijeni, senitrogen, fluorine uye t. D. The mvura ndiyo bromine chete.

Zvakasikwa nonmetals zvinhu angawanika muchimiro nyore fuma kana dziri yeimwe. Inowanikwa vasina kusungwa muchimiro sarufa, senitrogen, okisijeni. Munguva yeimwe vanoumba borates, phosphates, uye zvichingodaro. D. In chimiro ichi, ivo varipo vari zvicherwa, mvura, matombo.

Kusiyana simbi

Non-nesimbi - ndivo zvinhu kuti vakasiyana nesimbi chitarisiko, mamiriro uye makemikari zvivako. Vane vazhinji unpaired maerekitironi kuruvazhe sandara, uye naizvozvo, zvakawanda mubasa oxidation siyana uye zviri nyore vasiyana okuwedzera maerekitironi pachavo.

The maitiro musiyano iri kuchengetwa pakati okunze ari sekristaro zvakachinjikwa mamiriro. In nesimbi, ndiyo simbi. In dzisiri nesimbi, inogona kuva marudzi maviri: mabhomba uye samolecular. Mabhomba yekamuri zvinhu chatinopiwa kwoukukutu uye anowedzera utsotso pfungwa, maitire nesilicon, Boron, germanium. Molecular yekamuri nhaka kuiisa chlorine, sarufa, okisijeni. It anovapa chiduku volatility neukukutu.

The womukati nemamiriro okunze kuona muviri ehupfumi. Metals vane maitiro chipenye, yakanaka kuitika conduction nokupisa. Vane zvikukutu, mapurasitiki, amenable kuti nokuchengetedza, duku range (mutema, noruvara vachena, dzimwe nguva yellowish ruvara).

Non-nesimbi - iri mvura, gaseous kana rakasimba zvinhu, vasina kubwinya uye malleability. Dzavo Mavara anosiyana zvikuru uye angava mutsvuku, vatema, kuchena, yero, uye zvichingodaro. D. Anenge zvose havaratidzi conductive nonmetals (kunze kabhoni) uye kupisa (kunze phosphorus uye kabhoni dema).

Makemikari ehupfumi pamusoro nonmetals

In nemakemikari, vasiri nesimbi angave nezvaanoita ive oxidizing uye yokuderedza nevamiririri. By kuita pamwe simbi, vakabata maerekitironi, nokudaro vachiratidza oxidative ehupfumi.

Kutaurirana nevamwe vasiri nesimbi, ivo vanoita zvakasiyana. In nouku zvishoma electronegative maatomu akafanana reductant kunoratidza pacharo somunhu kupfuura electronegative makabuda oxidant.

With okisijeni inenge zvose (kunze fluorine) nonmetals anozviratidza yokuderedza nevamiririri. By maitiro pamwe rehydrogen vari oxidants zhinji, vakabva wezvamatongerwe yainge akakura.

Part nonmetal zvinhu vanokwanisa rokuumba zvishomanana zvinhu kana kugadziriswa. Fani iyi inonzi allotropism. Somuenzaniso, carbon huripo muchimiro graphite, nedhaimani, uye dzimwe okunatsiridza carbyne. Pane vaviri okisijeni - ozone uye okisijeni pacharo. Phosphorus yakatsvuka, vatema, chena uye esimbi.

Non-nesimbi zvakasikwa

The siyana nhamba vasiri simbi dziri kwose kwose. Ndivo rwenyika nechepasi, tiri chikamu muchadenga, hydrosphere, varipo zvose uye zvipenyu. In nzvimbo yacho Zvinonyanyozivikanwa hydrogen nehelium.

Mamiriro acho ezvinhu zvakasiyana mukati Earth. Chinonyanya kukosha zvinoumba pasi goko - okisijeni nesilicon. Vanoumba zvinopfuura 75% vayo vakawanda. Asi muduku mari chakaita kuti ayodhini uye bromine.

In murwiyo mvura mugungwa okisijeni zvakakodzera kuti 85,80% uye rehydrogen - 10,67%. mamiriro ayo zvinosanganisira chloro, sarufa, Boron, bromine, carbon, fluorine nesilicon. The anoumba chadenga ukuru runobva senitrogen (78%) uye okisijeni (21%).

Nonmetals, zvakadai sekabhoni, rehydrogen, phosphorus, sarufa, okisijeni uye senitrogen zvinokosha Organic zvinhu. Ivo vanotsigira simba zvose zvipenyu zviri yedu, kusanganisira vanhu.