Newton - chii? Newton - chiyero chii?

Physics somunhu nesayenzi kuti kudzidza mitemo zvakasikwa yedu, tichishandisa mureza tsvakurudzo nzira uye akananga nyika dzakabatana. Power chikwata inogona akasarudzwa N (Newton). Chii simba, kuti vanoona uye usaruyera? Ngationgororei izvi zvizere.

Interesting nhoroondo

Isaka Nyuton - a akakurumbira Chirungu musayendisiti pamusoro XVII remakore, uyo akaita mupiro chaizvo kuti kukura sayenzi chaiwo akarongeka. Kuti iye ndiye tateguru dzekare wefizikisi. Akakwanisa kutsanangura inotungamirira uye miviri huru yokudenga, uye sejecha duku sejecha kutakurwa nemhepo dziriko. Mumwe zvaainyanya matongo anonzi kuva mutemo wesimba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi uye mitemo mitatu inokosha Vanamakanika, iyo inorondedzera kukurukurirana miviri zvakasikwa. Gare gare, vamwe masayendisiti vaikwanisa kuona mitemo kukweshera rokuzorora uye vapedzisire chete nokuda zvinowanikwa nesayenzi Isaaka Nyutona.

A vakasvimha dzidziso

mumuviri kwazvo rave zita rokukudza musayendisiti. Newton - chiyero simba. The chaizvo tsanangudzo simba rinogona kurondedzerwa se "simba - ndiwo quantitative nechiyero kudyidzana pakati zvinhu, kana uwandu kunozivisa ukuru nesimba kana kusawirirana miviri."

The simba unotaurwa Newtons nokuda kwechikonzero. Izvi ndizvo nemasayendisiti matatu "simba" chisingaperi murairo dzakatangwa, izvo kuhupenyu nhasi. Ngationgororei navo mienzaniso.

mutemo wokutanga

Kuti tinzwisise zvakakwana mibvunzo: "Chii Newton?", "Unit chii?" uye "Chii panyama zvarinoreva?", vanofanira ukanyatsoongorora mitemo mitatu inokosha makanika.

Wokutanga anoti kana muviri asingadi zvainoita mamwe muviri, zvichava zororo. Uye kana muviri kufamba, pasina chimwe chinhu pamusoro payo, icharamba yayo dzakafanana inofamba nenzira yakarurama mutsetse.

Fungidzira kuti uri sandara pemvura tafura rudzi bhuku neumwe uremu. Kureva mauto zvose kuita pairi, tinoona kuti simba regiravhiti, iro rinotungamirirwa vertically downwards, uye uriri maitiro simba (mu iyi chikamu) rinotungamirirwa vertically kumusoro. Sezvo mauto maviri yokufudza zviito nemumwe, kwakakura Pamusana simba iri razero. Maererano nomutemo Newton yokutanga nokuda kwechikonzero ichi kuti bhuku hunogara.

The mutemo wechipiri

Inotsanangura ukama pakati simba ndikaita muviri, uye kumhanyisa, pacho anogamuchira somugumisiro wacho Zvakarurama simba. Isaka Nyuton ari Pfungwa mutemo uyu kokutanga vaishandisa chenguva ukoshi sezvo chiyero mukanyiwa kuratidzwa inertia, uye inertia muviri. Inertia inoreva mano kana pfuma miviri kuchengetedza nzvimbo yaro yepakutanga, ndiko kudzivisa Kufurirwa nevamwe.

Mutemo Second rinowanzoshandiswa inotsanangurwa mutoo: F = imwe * M; apo F - ndiyo Pamusana ose ehondo kureva muviri, a - kumhanyisa, kunoguma muviri, uye pamwe M - body mass. Power pakupedzisira akaratidza sezvo makirogiramu * m / p ^2. Mashoko aya anogona akasarudzwa muna Newtons.

Chii Newton muna wefizikisi, tsanangudzo zvinotaurwa kumhanyisa uye sei chokuita simba? Heano mhinduro dzemibvunzo iyi nzira mutemo makanika wechipiri. Zvinofanira kunzwisiswa kuti mutemo uyu unoshanda chete vaya mitumbi kuti kufamba pane aimhanya zvikuru yakaderera kumhanya chiedza. Nokuti tsika velocities pedyo kumhanya chiedza, yave kushanda kuti mimwe mitemo mashoma wefizikisi akachinja chikamu chinokosha pamusoro dzidziso relativity.

Mutemo Newton kwakaita Third

zvichida Izvi zvinonyanya zvakajeka uye zviri nyore mutemo, iyo inorondedzera kubata kwemiviri maviri. Anoti kuti mauto zvose rwakavapo vaviri vaviri, kureva, kana muviri mumwe anoita mumwe neumwe simba, uye muviri wechipiri, akavapindurawo, ine zvainoita rokutanga zvakaenzana modulo simba.

The chaizvo akasiyana masayendisiti mutemo sezvinotevera: "... kubata kwemiviri maviri pamusoro mumwe vakaenzana vakataurirana, asi vakomana mirayiridzo."

Ngationei chii Newton. In wefizikisi, zvakaita zvose vaiona dzakananga mananara, saka mupe mienzaniso mishomanana, achirondedzera mitemo makanika.

1. mhuka hwemvura kufanana duck, hove, matatya, kana kufamba mumvura kana mvura nokuda kukurukurirana nayo. mutemo Newton wechitatu anoti kubudikidza kuitwa muviri mumwe nomumwe anogara ikoko uye kushorwa, simba yakaenzana wokutanga, asi tiite negwara. On hwaro ichi, zvinganzi vakagumisa kuti kufamba duck imhaka yokuti ivo dzinga mvura makumbo shure uye kuyangarara pachavo mberi nokuda tide kutsiva chiito mvura.
2. Tsindi keji - muenzaniso uchapupu hwokuti mutemo Newton kechitatu wakajeka. Ndechipi tsindi keji, pamwe vose anoziva. Uyu zvakanaka nyore design, uye chakafanana vhiri, uye dhiramu. It yakaitika masero dzinovaraidza akafanana squirrels kana decoration makonzo aigona kumhanya. Kudyidzana kwemiviri maviri, Makumbo uye mhuka kunotungamirira kuti vaviri mitumbi izvi kutama. Uyezve, kana puroteni achimhanya makasimba, ipapo vhiri Muruoko rwake anobata chirukiso kumhanya chaizvo, uye kana DZEMUNHU DZINODZORA, vhiri unotanga kugadzira nomumugwagwa kwaitora nguva. Izvi zvinoratidza zvakare kuti chiito uye mhinduro pakaunda akaenzana mumwe nguva dzose, kunyange munguva akatarisana mirayiridzo.
3. Nezvose zvinofamba panyika, kutamira chete nokuti "tide kutsiva chiito" Nyika. Zvingaita sezvinoshamisa, asi chaizvoizvo kufamba, isu chete kuti kuita kusunda pasi kana mumwe pamusoro. Uye isu tiri ichifambira mberi, nekuti tiri kungoita shure nyika.

Chii Newton: chikwata yakayerwa kana chaiko uwandu?

Rinogona kurondedzerwa se chaipo tsanangudzo "Newton" sezvinotevera: ". Imwe chairema nokuyerwa simba" Uye chii zvinoreva mumuviri? Nokudaro, pana mutemo Newton wechipiri, kuti rinobva kukosha, iro Inonzi simba anokwanisa chete 1 achinja 1 kg yemuviri uremu yevanhu 1 m / p wechipiri. Zvakaratidza kuti Newton - iri rine Vector yakawanda, kureva, rine mirayiridzo ... Patinoshandisa simba kune chinhu, akadai kusundwa musuo, isu tose kumbirai uye inoenda inofamba, izvo, nomurayiro wechipiri kwakafanana akananga simba.

Kana tikatevedzera yemaitiro, zvinoitika kuti 1 Newton = 1 kg · m / p ^2. Kugadzirisa matambudziko akasiyana-siyana makanika kazhinji zvinoda kushandura Newton mune mamwe akawanda. Zvivanakire, kana tsika vamwe yakarumbidza kuyeuka inokosha ani kuti vasunge Newtons nevamwe dzakabatana:

• 1 H = May ¹⁰ dynes (dyne - chikwata muna CGS maitiro);
• 1 H = 0.1 kgf (kilogram-simba - simba iri rinokweva arşive hurongwa chairema mugadziriro);
• 1 H = 10 ^-3 masvingo (chikwata muna MTS ino rusvingo 1 akaenzana simba kuti anoudza kumhanyisa 1 m / S ² chero muviri uremu kusvika 1 tani).

Mutemo wesimba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi

Chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha Zvakawanikwa musayendisiti uyo akachinja kunzwisisa kwedu puraneti, ndiko mutemo Newton kwakaita rinokwevera zvinhu pasi rinoita (ndiro giravhiti, ona pazasi). Chokwadi, akanga kuedza kududzira chakavanzika regiravhiti Wepasi. Somuenzaniso, kuti Iogann Kepler rokutanga akataura kuti Pasi kwete chete ane simba rinonzi magnetic simba, asiwo mitumbi pachavo vanokwanisa kukwezva Pasi.

Zvisinei, Newton chete vakakwanisa mathematically kuratidza ukama simba rinokweva uye mutemo yemapuraneti inofamba. Pashure vazhinji kuedza izvi, masayendisiti akaona kuti mune chokwadi kwete chete Pasi chinokwezva zvinhu, asi muviri zvose primagnichivayutsya mumwe. Iye vaziva regiravhiti mutemo, rinotaura kuti chero muviri, kusanganisira mitumbi yokudenga, vanokwezvwa aine simba akaenzana zvibereko G (the rinokweva chenguva) uye nemhomho mitumbi miviri m ₁ * mamita ₂ vakakamurwa R ² (yaiungana pedaro pakati pezvitunha).

Mitemo yose Newton yaiwana kuti nzira Zvinobvira kusika munhu wakakwana kwemasvomhu womuenzaniso, iro richiri kushandiswa tsvakurudzo, kwete chete pamusoro pemvura Earth, asiwo kure redu.

Conversion vezvikwata

Kugadzirisa matambudziko vanofanira kungwarira vomureza SI prefixes, dzinoshandiswa nokuda vezvikwata "Newtonian". Somuenzaniso, mune zvinetso nzvimbo zvinhu, apo guru negurumwandira miviri kakawanda panodikanwa kurerutsa makuru tsika madiki. Kana ari kusarudza 5000 N anotendeuka, ipapo mhinduro achava zvakakunakira kunyora rimwe 5 kN (kilonewtons). zvidzidzo izvi kuuya nenzira mbiri: multiples uye pazasi. Ava kupfuura kushandiswa vane 10 ² N = 1 gektoNyuton (RH); March ¹⁰ N = 1 kilonewtons (KN); 10 ⁶ N = 1 megaNyuton (MH) uye 10 ^-2 N = 1 centinewton (CN); 10 ^-3 N = 1 milliNewtons (MN); 10 ^-9 H = 1 nanoNyuton (nN).