Nereditsa Church. Church Muponesi musi Nereditsa

Ilya Glazunov ane mufananidzo wakanaka inonzi "Ishe Novgorod Guru." Temple, dzinomirirwa pamusoro payo, ayo nzvimbo, minda kumativi akafanana chaizvo Nereditsa Church. Hazvishamisi, zviri iri pedyo Novgorod, uye vakapararira sezvizvi pamufananidzo Volkhov paMaare.

Rurik - wokutanga machinda Russian

MuRussia, temberi vagara dzakavakwa pamusoro soro gwapa - pedyo naMwari. Muruwa chikuru svuura - Nereditsa. Pairi, uye pane temberi chitarisiko. Chose vanakomana vaviri vafa, Yaroslav. Vamwe vanyori venhau dzakaitika vanofunga kuti kubudikidza remadunhu- "Akachenjera" vakakanganwa kuwedzera "utsinye." Haufaniri kuva minwe zvakakwana ipi yokuverenga uwandu vana nechimwe achitonga Russia Rurik. Zvino mwanakomana Yuriya Dolgorukogo, Vsevolod, nokuda uwandu vakadzi nevana zita remadunhurirwa rokuti "Big Nest". Machinda akafa, uye munguva munin'ina wavo hwose akaenda kundorwa nehama, mwanakomana kuna baba, baba mwanakomana. Yokutanga vatsvene Russian - Boris uye Gleb, Yaroslava Mudrogo Hama Svyatopolk, ndiko yepamutemo shanduro vakavauraya, nokuti izvo akagamuchira remadunhu- "akatukwa." Zvinonzi vakatenda kuti vawira pamaoko Yaroslav. Zvisinei, Nereditsa Church akanga pamwe akazvipira kwavari, uye nokuti temberi rakasiyana kupenda chitoro uye anotarisana vatsvene yokutanga Russian.

tembere Place

Temple rakadzikwa pedyo yakagara Yaroslav, makiromita matatu kubva Novgorod. Akaisa temberi yake pedyo shongwe pamusoro munharaunda mumusha macho. Zvino nzvimbo iyi ndiyo matongo Monument, inozivikanwa se "Rurik murwi," uye chikamu nhoroondo nhaka ndandanda vanoda "The Great Novgorod", kudzivirirwa UNESCO. Yemamongi, riri kumativi zvishoma akazotevera chitarisiko Nereditsa, ainzi "Muponesi ari murwi." In Novgorod munguva yaitonga Yaroslav vakapfuudzira chine chechi vanoshingaira. Kusiyana yakawanda St. Sophia Cathedral mukupera XII uye mangwanani XIII remakore ari kushingaira kuvakwa diki kukura makereke. Kereke iri pamahombekombe erwizi Spasskaya. Past chechi akatora mugwagwa kuMoscow. Yakavakwa nomumwe muzhizha 1198 Nereditsa Church yokupedzisira kuvaka Yaroslav panyika ino. Novgorod akadzingwa naye. Asi kwakanga muchinda rokupedzisira uye kuvakwa zvavo - Novgorod akava guta akasununguka.

Conditions pakuvimbisa mavambo

Roga, chechi duku, apo kubudisa anoyevedza pfungwa. Iyewo ndiye chikamu enhoroondo nhaka "The Great Novgorod", uyewo dzimwe akachengetedzwa machechi yakavakwa Yaroslav uye vamutangira. Mimwe Kiev machechi, sokugamuchira hwaro, muchifumiswa vemunzvimbo tsika guta racho vezvokutengeserana, unyanzvi kuravidza ezvivako uye vemifananidzo. Yavakawana mavambo nokuda hunhu kuvakwa nematombo masonry masvingo uye michina. Zvakanga zvakasiyana - rave ukapisa murwi akaturikidzana plinfy (kubva reraimu zvidhina), ibwe omunharaunda, murombo workability, pamwe kuwedzera kugadzirisa nezvidhina chips Volkhov reraimu. Nokuda hadzina kufambiswa zvakanaka plinfy mokupera hasha. Zvose peculiarity ichi uye akapa dzeko kuvakwa ari oga niche rinonzi "mavakirwo Novgorod Land", riri mumufananidzo mumiriri Nereditsa Church.

temberi iyi

The saizi temberi duku, uko kunoshanda ari chipauro "Chamber", akanga vachisimudza kuremekedza wauraya vanakomana, uye akanambwa dzoumambo guva. Building akanga achiitiswa wakakurumidza aika, nguva yakanga zvinyorwa - 4 chete mwedzi, asi zvose rakatevera muna 1199 chechi vakarondedzera. In wawo uye mavakirwo (rimwe-rising chechi cubical) Church Muponesi musi Nereditsa afanane nezvimwe zvivako zvechitendero chakavakwa panguva dzakafanana. Very kufanana naye ndivo Kuchinja Cathedral iri Pereyaslav-Zalessky, Demetrius Cathedral muna Vladimir, Pyatnitskaya chechi iri Chernigov, Church of Annunciation musi Arkazhi, Peter uye Paul Sinichnoy kurwadziwa uye nevamwe. Vose vari chikuru mhando imwe chechi yeOrthodox. Kuvaka ibwe muchinjikwa domed mukereke Russia yakatanga kuvakwa muKiev chegumi chechi panguva pakuguma X remakore, zvinoshingaira kuvakwa kereke iri mhando yebasa mberi nhasi. Zviri zuva redu kudzorera wakaparadzwa Soviet simba nzvimbo dzokunamatira uye kuvaka itsva. Uye zvakanaka kuti vane chimiro chavo kuri mutemberi Orthodox Russian, uye saka nowenyika mifananidzo yose Nesterov uye Glazunov. Chamazuva anodzokororwa, vana ano vakaita kuda Russia kubva pauduku, uye pfungwa "Holy Russia" Wazova pedyo chaizvo.

Dzavasinei nadzo nyika Maitiro

Temple spas Nereditsa anorondedzera pamuchinjikwa-domed, pamwe 4 yomukati mbiru akatakura nzvimbo dzokunamatira. Iye, kufanana zvivako zvakawanda zvakafanana, akaita pozakomarnoe yokunamisa kuri pakuvaka yeRussian Orthodox Church. Voga kana semicircular zakomary vari curved denga, asi kuoma nokuda replicating chimiro chechi Arch. Zakomary achizvishatisa korona fenzi - wehunyambiri Chidimbu chechi France. Izvi mira zvidimbu rumwe rutivi, shongedza temberi, panorumwe - rinopa yakasiyana zvitupa. Nokuda kwayo duku ukuru Chechi Chitarisiko musi Nereditsa ane zviduku choirs, rinomirira mezzanine kuti anobvumawo kwaya.

Mudziyo chechi Nereditsa

Kazhinji, kwakavakirwa izvi - Kumutungamiriri dudzi kana - riri pamusoro maberere rakazaruka kana nhurikidzwa mukati muchechi, uye nguva dzose riri panhurikidzwa yechipiri pamadziro pakatarisana pearitari. chechi iyi ane chaizvo gobvu masvingo, yakamanikana manera uye pasuo maberere, riri pamusoro yemapuranga vanodzungunyika, achera kumavirira pamadziro. On the dudzi pane makamuri maviri. The chechi Muponesi wedu muna Novgorod Nereditsa ane isiri chinoumba reshiyo, mafungu masvingo, asi haina akapamba nayo, uye anopa kereke imwe kunatsiridzwa uye mavambo. rusvingo Plastic runoonekwa kuti zvinoshamisa. Pasinei kufanana zhinji, chechi ndiyo rakasiyana.

Akavaka chechi yakanga kutsanya uye kunyange zvazvo kupendwa rose gore, nguva kushandisa Pamifananidzo vaivawo pfupi. Painting rakanga rakafukidza yose mukati - masvingo, kanopi, kutsigira mbiru, uye ichi akanga asina kuenzana. Pakukura wakajeka Ensemble, yakakurumbira shongwe yacho akakura kupenda kwete chete kuRussia asiwo Europe - ndizvo zvakataurwa painting, izvo akanunura Nereditsa. Novgorod haagoni kuzvirumbidza kunyange chechi imwe yakadaro.

Kukanganikwa uye kuponeswa

Kwemazana emakore akawanda aiva chechi, chichinyatsobatanidzwa zvainoitawo munzvimbo dzakapoteredza landscape, uye hakuna zvikuru hype kumativi. Kufarira mairi yakabuda munzvimbo yechipiri yezana XIX remakore. Artist Martynov muna 1867 akagamuchira yendarira menduru muParis nokuda Watercolour makopi nereditskih murals. Muna 1910, hunotanga kudzorerwa Pamifananidzo uye kushingaira kudzidza. Zvose izvi zvakawanda kana zvishoma kuzviita mberi kusvikira 30s. basa iri nguva dzose rokufurira Nikolay Rerih, uyo aida kuchengeta chiwanikwa ichi saMuponesi Nereditsa. Pamifananidzo kereke akauya nenguva ezvinhu yakanaka.

penya kunzwisisa

Vongai chete basa kuitwa panguva, pfuma aya akachengetedzwa mapikicha uye maBhaibheri kusvikira nhasi, uye akasunungura sebhuku. Pachavo sezvo Pamifananidzo, uye temberi, achiuraya zvose muna 1941 yeNazi atirari moto, sezvo chechi yakanga vachiridzira pfungwa. Saka mukuru aiva kukosha chechi iri, iro basa kudzorerwa rakatanga muna 1944. Temple akavakazve noungwaru zvokuti vanhu vashomanana kumuziva somunhu post-hondo zvisikwa. Kuti recreate chechi zvibvire chete kuburikidza akayera vanodhirowa yakaitwa muna 1903-1904 kubudikidza academician P. Pivovarov.

siyana

Kubva kure, rimire pachikomo Church Muponesi musi Nereditsa. Photos rinowanika yakawanda, kupfuura izvozvo yevedza runako. Externally nazvo chaiyo kopi nowakautangira, asi mukati kugona kumutsiridzwa nokuti yakaramba 15% chepakutanga mifananidzo, kunyanya yokumusoro chikamu - masvingo, namaberere, ainge akamonererwa.

Kusiyana muvambi hakusi chete kuti zvakanzi kupendwa mu zvachose zvose - vachiuraya brushwork uye dingindira Pamifananidzo.

Kwazvo nokuda kwenguva, uye kwainzi kakasaririra chifananidzo iri nzvimbo, "Kukwidzwa" mufananidzo Kristu nengirozi matanhatu. Panguva ino, rising yakange yakashongedzwa ne "Pantokratom". Zvakanga, sezvinoita mutemo, hunyambiri mufananidzo waJesu. Akasika chikomborero noruoko rwake rworudyi, rworuboshwe vakabata Evhangeri. At 9 tiers vakanga riri Pamifananidzo chechi. Paiva pano "Rubhabhatidzo," nziyo, Portraits uye wokutanga akafa Knyazhich St. Boris uye Gleba. Pano hombe mufananidzo Yaroslav uye hombe anoumba Yokutonga, umo makanga nzvimbo nyaya "mupfumi muhero." The vakawanda purogiramu painting, dzakadai St. Sophia Cathedral, akanga asipo, hakuna kuchangotanga Muronga zviitiko, asi havakumbiri kukosha nereditskih Pamifananidzo.

seboka okugadzira zvinhu

Vanamazvikokota vakawanda vanoti kushaya ino kuvapo vakawanda vemifananidzo uye nhokwe dzose murayiro. Uye vamwe vanodavira kuti nezvaJarosław mwedzi pfupi zhizha, apo kazhinji kupendwa chechi, akakoka akazvimiririra nyanzvi kubva mumwe, mumwe aiva kunyange mutorwa. Naizvozvo, pane cacophony yakadaro.

Zita chaiyo womufananidzo haina kuzivikanwa, asi (anofungidzirwa) zvikuru chinoratidza chokwadi kuti akanga Ikonnikov Olis Grechin. Vanochera matongo vakawana Studio yake, apo dzimwe pfungwa dzokuita yake nereditskim mifananidzo. Nyanzvi dzinoti nomutowo kupenda vaizvambarara, pedyo, asi, rokumabvazuva tsika pane kuzviomesera Byzantine.

Kuchengetedzwa nhaka

Pashure pehondo, Chechi Chitarisiko musi Nereditsa rukaporeswa muna 1958, uye muna 1992 waibatanidzwa World Heritage pasi.

marwisa ndechokuti zvino kwamagwaro muna 3D ino. Students paUniversity of Leningrad mifananidzo-chena dema-uye yokunyora nokudhirowa, rakachengetedzwa zvakachengetedzwa, uye akakwanisa recreate zvokunyaradza uye kunze kushongedzwa yechechi, uye kuchinja kwenguva. Uye zvose zvechokwadi.

Zvino mazuva kereke mashoma pavhiki iye anoshanda miziyamu wakazaruka kune voruzhinji.