Ndiani akawana Pacific Ocean, uye mugore ripi?

Pacific Ocean - makuru munyika, anopindura chetatu pamusoro kunharaunda yedu. miganhu aro akakura kupfuura yose nyika nzvimbo - makondinendi uye zvitsuwa zvabatanidzwa. Ndosaka unowanzonzi Ocean Great. Zvinoita sezvinoshamisa kuti akanga akazaruka chete muzana remakore rechi16, uye kusvika ipapo havana kutomboziva pamusoro ivepo.

Ndiani akawana Pacific Ocean

Opening Valvrave idzva chokuita nezita Spanish wevarwi Vasco Núñez of Balboa. In kuwa 1512 Balboa, uyo panguva iyoyo gavhuna Spanish muhutongi Darien, kure kumadokero kwemhenderekedzo muAtlantic Ocean , achiperekedzwa 192 varume vakabata mapfumo uye halberds, ane remidzanga imbwa. Vakakwanisa kuyambuka nekamukwavarara unobva North America pamwe South, nokuputsa anenge safambika masango, mvura anezvimiti uye matombo anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri.
Munzira, vakasangana kakawanda maIndia vari kusabvumira vatorwa kunyika dzavo. Kusiyana zvemo vagari zvitsuwa West Indies, vanhu veko havana kuenda kupfugama pamberi vokuEurope, pasina kutya kurwisa boka hombe zvombo nengowani uye cuirasses. Naizvozvo, kubudikidza kuguma rwendo wakasiya nayo vanhu 28 chete.

Asi kubva kumusoro inotevera muhomba, vakaona reupenyu penzvimbo mvura. Chikwiriso chipfuva chake mumvura, Balboa yakazivisa mutsva gungwa nhaka mambo Spanish. Yakasvika pakuzivikanwa se Gungwa South, sezvo pasi rwezasi Isthmus. zita Izvi mukamuchengeterawo kusvikira zvinenge pakupera rechi18.
Saka, sokupisa akawana nePacific Ocean. Muna 1513, vokuEurope kutanga akazviona, akadanidzira Gungwa Southern. Asi izvi hazvirevi kuti vakabva vatanga kuongorora kumhenderekedzo uite naye kushambira.

Magellan kuti rwendo, uye "Sea Silent"

Ndiani akawana Pacific Ocean kuti kuvafambisi vengarava European? Tine chikwereti ichi kuti murongi rokutanga circumnavigation Fernand Magellan. Kuti ngarava November 1520 kokutanga akawana pachavo nerumwe munyanza, uye akayambuka nayo. Uye akarurama Magellan akaritumidza El Mare Pacifico - gungwa nyarara.

Nokuti ano murume akanzwa pamusoro dutu ukasha muna Pacific Ocean, pamusoro pamafungu chakakura gumi-storey imba, inopisa madutu, zita rake rinonzwika zvishoma wavatorwa. Asi Magellan munguva rwendo rwake aingova rombo pamwe okunze. Pashure yakawanda yakaoma ngarava zvave yakamanikana uye ichitenderera yakamanika, ainzi pashure zita Magellan, vakanga nematambudziko guru penzvimbo mvura, kusvikira ipapo asingazivikanwi vokuEurope. Chokutanga, ngarava akaenda pasi zvishoma tailwind. Zvino vakandowana pachavo vari mapazi anenge asina mhepo.

Zvikepe vakatamira asiri panguva dzisingaperi pechiso munyanza. Supplies refu pamusoro, mvura yakachena vakapamba. Uye nenzira zvitsuwa havana akakodzera kumhara. Team vanorasikirwa vanhu nokuti nzara uye chakakuvara, vakatuka "Gungwa wakagadzikana" ...

Asi gungwa zvakapfuudzwa. Uye April 21, 1521 Magellan pachake akaurayiwa, wasarudza daka yemadzinza yemo. Way kumusha aifanira kutungamirira shamwari yake Sebastian Elcano.

Saka, Magellan neshamwari dzake - uyo akawana Pacific Ocean uye akapa dziva zita ano.

Heyerdahl kwakaita pfungwa pamusoro vanhu Oceania

Kana tichiti munhu akavhura Pacific Ocean uye mugore ripi, tine mupfungwa apo chikazikamwa vokuEurope. Asi muzvitsuwa Oceania kunge kugarwa kwenguva refu. Nokuti vagari kwavo kumusha Pacific Ocean, havana vanofanira kurivhura. Uye ndipo madzibaba avo vakauya chitsuwa? Mumwe wavo akavhura Pacific Ocean anenge makumi mana emakore akapfuura?

Pane nepfungwa dzakasiyana zvibozwa ichi. The akakurumbira Norwegian aiongorora uye mushingi Thor Heyerdahl aidavira kuti kugarwa neezviwi kwakaitika kumabvazuva, uye South America. Aiti kuti maIndia vaigona kufamba zviuru zvemakiromita mhiri gungwa achishandisa gungwa dzenzvimbo uye mhepo zvakanaka. Heyerdahl pachake akaratidza mukana yenzendo zvakadai muna 1947, akafamba Pacific pamusoro balsa igwa "Kon-Tiki", modeled pamusoro Indian matanda.

Nevakomana pfungwa

WokuFrance Eric Bishop ane akasiyana pfungwa maonero. Aidavira kuti hapana maIndia nechikepe zviwi, uye vaPolynesia kuenda kumhenderekedzo South America. Zvisinei, vava nyanzvi vezvikepe, saka hazvishamisi. Itai pasina refu kufamba, kurarama kure mumwe zvidimbu nyika iri Pacific Ocean, zvakanga hazvitomboiti. Uye mutauro womunzvimbo rine mashoko akawanda nautical akafanana hapana mumwe munyika. It vaPolynesia, maererano Bishop, vakabva nyuchi zviwi kure kumhenderekedzo yokumadokero nePacific Ocean.

Pari, masayendisiti akawanda vanodavira kuti kukura munyika zvino inogarwa iri Pacific Ocean akabva kumabvazuva eAsia kumavirira. Uye Chinese junks aigona kuva wokutanga, kwete chete kuwanikwa muzvitsuwa penyanza, asiwo kuwanikwa America asati Columbus.

Nokuti vokuRussia, yePacific akavhura Cossacks Ivan Moskvitina, kusvika kumahombekombe eGungwa Okhotsk muna 1639.