Ndiani aiva wokutanga kuenda kune imwe nzvimbo? Space hondo pakati pe USSR uye USA

Space battle - iyi ndiyo nzira iyo iwe unogona kuratidzira kukwikwidzana pakati pemasimba makuru maviri - USSR neU.SA - mukutsvaga kwekunze kwepakati mukati mehafu yechipiri yezana remakore rapfuura. Kutanga kwechiitiko ichi kwakaiswa nenyika yedu, kutanga nekutanga shanduro yekudenga yePasi, uye ipapo pakanga paine munhu anotanga kuita chinhu chaicho chitsva kwaari - munzvimbo. Gare gare, yekutanga kufamba kwakaitika.

Kufambira Mberi muUngjiniya neTechnology

Muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri raive svondo rechokwadi nesayenzi yekugadzirisa vanhu. Kunyanya nguva iyo Hondo Yenyika Yechipiri yakapa simba mukusimudzirwa kwe rocketry - chimwe chinhu chakanga chisingakwanisi kusvika, chakanga chiri nyore kuita. Vanhu vave vachitarisa uye vachiedza kudzidza kunze kwepasi, asi izvi zvakaitwa chete kubva pasi pepasi redu. Chikamu chechipiri chezana remakore rapfuura chaiva chiedza chaicho chekuongorora nzvimbo uye nguva yekutsvaga kwepedyo nzvimbo. Kunyanya kure mune izvi zvakanyanyisa geopolitical vavengi venguva iyoyo - USSR neUnited States. IUnited States yaive ichikura mune izvi, kunyanya apo "baba" veGermany zvishandiso zvemagetsi V. von Braun akaonekwa munyika ino. Akanga ari piyona weEurope munharaunda iyi mune chinangwa cheunyanzvi nekufungidzira. Zvisinei, kubudirira kwenguva refu kwakaitwawo muUSSR. Vavatongi veRussian-rock building-thought (Tsiolkovsky, uye gare gare Korolev) vakatanga nheyo, uye zvadaro zvakakodzera kuti vazofunga.

Nhanho dzokutanga mukutsvaga kwekunze

Kuguma kwemazana makumi mashanu kwaive nechinokanganisa zvechokwadi mupfungwa dzevanhu vepanguva. ISoviet Union inotanga kuisa mupoteredza Shanduro yeNyika yakagadzirwa nevajini. Vanhu vazhinji vakawana chiitiko ichi sekufambira mberi kukuru mukufunga kwezvesayenzi uye teknolojia, asi nokuda kweAmerica izvi zvaireva, kunyange zvazvo zviduku, asi kukundwa mumutsara uyu. Kunyangwe furor yakakura yakabudisa chiitiko chakaitika musi waApril muna 1961. Yaiva panguva iyo Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin akava baba vendudzi dzose, pasinei nehukama hwavo, uye munhu wekutanga kuenda kunze kwenyika. Kugadzirira kwendege kwaiitwa munzvimbo inowedzera pakavanzika. Pashure pezvose, nyika yedu haina kuisa upenyu hwomumwe munhu, asiwo simba rayo mune imwe nzvimbo yepamitambo. Matanda akanga akareba kwazvo, asi mhinduro dzaive dzakafanana. Pashure pacho, nyika yedu yakava mutungamiri munzvimbo yekuongorora. Mutungamiri weAmerican John F. Kennedy pamusangano wehurumende yake vakataura nezvehurongwa hutsva hwekutsvakurudza nekugoverwa kwemari yakawanda munzvimbo yekuongorora nzvimbo.

Kupikisana Kwemafungiro

Munhu uyo akatanga kushanyira nzvimbo yekunze, aizopa nyika yake ine musoro wevatungamiri vekugara kana kutora danho rekudzoka kune zvinoitwa nemuvengi. Nyika mbiri idzi dzakashanda pakugadzirira kwechiitiko ichi. American NASA yakaedza kukurumidza kushanda kwekuvaka zvikwangwani zvinokonzerwa nevanhu, asi kumhanya kwakatungamirira kune chimwe chinopesana. Kushaikwa kwezvakaitika kwakakonzera kuparara-pane kuongorora mhosva yacho yakaonekwa, naizvozvo kurasikirwa kwevanhu kwakadziviswa, asi nguva dzakatadza dzakaputsika zvakanyanya. MuUnited States, panguva imwechete, kuverenga kwakafanana kwakaitwa uye kugadzirirwa kwemunhu uyo achava wekutanga mudenga. Kukanganisa kuduku kunogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya purogiramu yose yeramangwana yekuvandudza nyika itsva yevanhu. Mukuwedzera, kukurumidza uye kutonga kwepakati kwaive nechinokonzera kudzvinyirira kune vose vanoita basa. Uye zvakadaro, hama yedu yakashanduka kuva yekutanga yakashanyira nzvimbo yakazaruka.

Historical moment

Murume uyu aiva Alexei Leonov. Ndiye iye akange asarudzwa kubva kune rimwe boka renyeredzi revegadziriro dzakadzidziswa zvakanaka. Uye pakupera kwegore ra1964, kugadzirira nekunyatsogadzirisa kwezvinhu zvose zvinogona kuitika munguva iyi ndege yakatanga. Uye zvino yakauya nguva yakareba yakamirira, muna 1965 (March 18) chikepe "Voskhod-2" chakaonekwa mudenga-pasi. Mushure mokugadzirira kwenguva pfupi, Alexei Leonov akatanga kupinda munzvimbo yakazaruka. Nzvimbo iri kunze kwechikwata chakanga chiri pfupi kwazvo, anenge gumi nemaviri nehafu yenguva. Yaiva danho rakakosha munhoroondo yevanhu vose. Zvisinei, kunyange kwenguva pfupi yakadai, mamiriro ezvinhu asinganzwisisiki akaitika. Nzvimbo yekutsvaga nzvimbo yeastronaut yakawedzera mukukura, uye Alexei Arkhipovich aisagona kudzokera muchikepe chechikepe. Asi haana kutya-kushaya simba mukati mechiratidzo, akawana kuderedzwa kwehukuru uye akakwanisa kudzokera muchikwereti.

Flight incidents

Vaya vakatanga kushanyira nzvimbo yakazaruka, vaiva neushingi hwakasimba uye kutsungirira, humwe huhu hunhu hwakamubatsira munguva yemberi. Ndiine Leonov, pane imwe mamiriro ezvinhu asingafadzi: panguva yekudzika kwemotokari imomo yakanga iri kunze kwenharaunda yakatarwa yekuenda. Asi mamiriro ezvinhu aya haana kunyadzisa mutongi akashinga wezvinhu zvose. Paaisvika, akanga ari mune rimwe rega rega, uye panguva ino maiva nemafuta akaoma. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, varwi vakagara kwemazuva maviri, chete kune chechitatu boka rekununura rakazviitira kwavari. Nokuti iye feat AA Leonov akapiwa zita rokuti "Hero" yenyika. VaAmerica vanobvuma kukunda kwavo, asi vakawedzera kugadzirira kwavo kutiza uye kubuda kwemunhu kumwedzi, asi zvakaitika makore mana gare gare uye hazvina kuderedza zvakakosha zvevashandi veSoviet neyezvinhu zvinokonzera. Uye Alexei Leonov ndiye murume akatanga kushanyira nzvimbo yakazaruka uye akanyora zita rake nokusingaperi mumabhuku ezvinyorwa.